JP5197268B2 - Wood crusher - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wood crusher for crushing wood to be crushed.

  A wood crusher is generally equipped with a crushing rotor with a crushing bit attached to the outer periphery and a screen facing the outer periphery of the crushing rotor. The crushed wood (wood chips) is discharged from the crushing device through the discharge hole of the screen.

  This timber crusher has been originally targeted for processing a wide variety of crushed wood such as pruned branches, thinned timber, root removal, and waste timber generated by the demolition of buildings. There are also increasing opportunities to treat soft crushed wood with a high water content, such as pruned branches and leaves of roadside trees and weeds along the roadside. However, if the wood to be crushed has a large amount of moisture, the crushed pieces are clogged in the discharge holes of the screen and prevent the crushed wood from being discharged. If the discharge hole of the screen becomes clogged and the crushed wood can no longer be discharged, the wood crusher must be stopped to remove the clog, which contributes to a reduction in work efficiency.

  On the other hand, in order to improve the discharge | emission property of crushing timber, there exists what inclined the discharge | emission hole of the screen so that it might face the rotation tangent direction of a crushing rotor (refer patent document 1 etc.).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-192000

  Wood fragments that have been crushed by the crushing bit are usually broken into finer pieces by colliding with the crushing rotor and screen before passing through the screen, or by being sheared between the discharge hole of the screen and the crushing bit. The In determining the grain size of the crushed wood, the role of further crushing after the primary crushing by the crushing bit plays a large role.

  However, in the technique of Patent Document 1, the discharge property of the crushed wood is improved by directing the discharge hole of the screen in the tangential direction of the crushing rotor, but many pieces of wood that have not been crushed to the target particle size are also discharged. There is a risk. For this reason, there is a concern that the grain quality of the crushed wood is degraded.

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the wood crusher which can suppress the dispersion | variation in the particle size of crushing wood, and can improve the discharge | emission property of crushing wood.

(1) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wood crusher for crushing crushed wood, a crushing rotor having a plurality of crushing bits attached to an outer periphery, a plurality of discharge holes, and the crushing rotor And a screen formed in an arc shape along the rotation trajectory of the outermost peripheral portion of the crushing rotor, the discharge hole of the screen having a center line in the radial direction of the crushing rotor A particle size adjusting unit that extends and opens, and opens to the inside in the radial direction of the crushing rotor, and opens to the outside in the radial direction of the crushing rotor, and the outside of the crushing rotor in the radial direction of the particle size adjusting unit continuously made and the granularity discharge promoting portion whose diameter is enlarged relative adjustment portion, an inner wall surface of the particle size adjustment unit extends parallel to the center line of the discharge hole, and the crushing rotor When viewed from the axial direction, Such as to intersect with the rotational tangent line of the crushing rotor in contact with the rotating locus of the outermost peripheral portion of the rotating direction of the rear side as the crushing rotor points of the crushing rotor of the crushing rotor side of the opening edge portion of the particle size control section It is formed with a length .

  (2) In the above (1), preferably, when viewed from the axial direction of the crushing rotor, the discharge facilitating portion has an inner edge in the radial direction of the crushing rotor and a radial outer side of the crushing rotor. A line passing through the edge intersects the inner wall surface of the particle size adjusting unit.

  (3) In the above (1) or (2), preferably, the radial length of the crushing rotor of the particle size adjusting unit is about half the plate thickness of the screen.

  (4) In any one of the above (1) to (3), preferably, the discharge promoting portion is formed in a tapered shape that expands radially outward of the crushing rotor.

  (5) In any one of the above (1) to (3), preferably, the discharge promoting portion is formed in a spot shape that expands with a step with respect to the particle size adjusting portion. .

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the discharge property of crushed wood can be improved by suppressing variation in the grain size of crushed wood.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a side view showing the overall structure of a wood crusher according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a diagram of a crushing device provided in the wood crusher shown in FIG. It is a see-through | perspective side view which shows the detailed structure of the vicinity. In the following, the directions corresponding to the left and right in FIG. 1 are the rear and front of the wood crusher, or one and the other.

  The wood crusher illustrated in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 is crushed by a traveling body 1 for self-running, a crushing function component 2 that crushes the wood to be shredded provided on the traveling body 1, and a crushing function component 2. It comprises a discharge conveyor 3 that conveys the crushed timber (wood chips) and discharges it to the outside of the machine, and a power unit (power unit) 4 that includes an engine that is a power source of each mounted device. It should be noted that the objects to be crushed by the wood crusher of the present embodiment include, for example, pruned branches and thinned wood generated in the forest, wood such as waste wood that is generated when the building is demolished, waste plastic materials, Waste tatami and bamboo are also included. The wood is not limited to relatively dry and hard wood, but also includes soft wood with a large amount of water such as roadside branches and roadside weeds that have just been pruned. In the present embodiment, these objects to be crushed are collectively referred to as crushed wood.

  The traveling body 1 includes a track frame 5, driving wheels 6 and driven wheels 7 provided at both front and rear ends of the track frame 5, a driving device (traveling hydraulic motor) 8 having an output shaft connected to the shaft of the driving wheel 6, and driving A crawler belt (endless track crawler belt) 9 is provided around the wheel 6 and the driven wheel 7. A main body frame 10 is provided on the track frame 5, and the main body frame 10 supports the crushing function component 2, the discharge conveyor 3, the power unit 4, and the like.

  The crushing function component 2 is introduced by a hopper 11 that receives input crushed wood, a feed conveyor 12 (see FIG. 2) as a means for transporting the crushed wood accommodated in the hopper 11, and a feed conveyor 12. The crushing device 13 for crushing the crushed wood (see FIG. 3), and the crushing device that presses the crushed wood before the crushing device 13 and introduces the crushed wood introduced into the crushing device 13 in cooperation with the feed conveyor 12 13 is provided with a pressing feeder device 14 (see FIG. 3).

  The feed conveyor 12 functions as a feeder that conveys and supplies wood to be crushed toward a crushing rotor 15 (described later). The feed conveyor 12 includes a sprocket-like drive wheel 16 (see FIG. 3) disposed opposite to the rear side of the crushing rotor 15, a driven wheel (not shown) provided on the opposite side (near the rear end of the machine body), A transport belt (chain belt) 17 (not shown in FIG. 3) wound between the drive wheel 16 and the driven wheel and arranged in a plurality of rows (four rows in this example) in the width direction is provided. . The driven wheel is supported by a bearing 19 (see FIG. 1) provided at the rear portion of the side wall body 18 (see FIG. 1) of the hopper 11, and the drive wheel 16 is supported at the front portion of the side wall body 18 (or the front side of the side wall body 18). Is supported by a bearing (not shown) provided on a crusher frame 20) that is provided in the crusher 13 and constitutes the side wall of the crushing device 13. Thereby, the feed conveyor 12 extends substantially horizontally from the vicinity of the crushing rotor 15 (described later) in a state of being accommodated in the hopper 11. The rotating shaft 21 of the driving wheel 16 of the feed conveyor 12 is connected to an output shaft of a driving device (not shown) provided outside the bearing in the body width direction via a coupling or the like. By rotating the driving device (not shown), the conveyor belt 17 is circulated between the driving wheel 16 and the driven wheel, and the object to be crushed is supplied to the crushing device 13.

  The pressing feeder device 14 includes a rotating shaft 22 that extends in the body width direction above the crushing rotor 15, a support member 23 that is supported so as to be swingable in the vertical direction about the rotating shaft 22, and a support member 23. A presser roller 24 that is rotatably supported and faces the conveying surface of the feed conveyor 12 on the rear side of the crushing rotor 15 is provided.

  The rotating shaft 22 is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown) provided on the crusher frame 20.

  The support member 23 includes an arm portion 25 that rotates about a rotation shaft 22 and a bracket portion 26 that is attached to the distal end side of the arm portion 25 and that is attached to a press roller. The lower surface of the arm portion 25 is curved in a substantially arc shape, and a curved plate 28 that defines an upper portion of a crushing chamber 27 (described later) is attached to the curved portion.

  The presser roller 24 has a width direction (the direction orthogonal to the paper surface in FIG. 3) set to be equal to or larger than the width of the transport surface of the feed conveyor 12, and a driving device (not shown) is provided in the body portion. Built-in. By this driving device (not shown), the presser roller 24 is rotated at substantially the same peripheral speed as the transport speed of the crushed wood transported on the transport surface of the feed conveyor 12, and the shredded object on the feed conveyor 12 that has been pressed down. Wood is introduced into the crushing chamber 27 (described later) in cooperation with the feed conveyor 12.

  The pressing feeder device 14 also rides on the wood to be crushed conveyed on the feed conveyor 12 and presses the wood to be crushed by its own weight, but is forced to move up and down by a hydraulic cylinder 29 during maintenance or the like. Can be done. The hydraulic cylinder 29 has a bottom end connected to a bracket 30 fixed to the crusher frame 20 and a rod end connected to a bracket 32 provided at the rear end of the upper surface of the arm 25 so as to be rotatable. ing.

  The crushing device 13 is located on a substantially central portion in the longitudinal direction of the main body frame 10 (see FIG. 1), and as shown in FIG. 3, the crushing rotor 15 that rotates at high speed in the crushing chamber 27 and the diameter of the crushing rotor 15. An anvil (fixed blade) 34 provided outside in the direction is provided. The crushing rotor 15 that is a driving body and the anvil 34 that is a stationary body each function as crushing means. In the crushing device 13, the crushing wood introduced into the crushing chamber 27 is crushed by the crushing rotor 15 and the anvil 34. . Around the crushing rotor 15, the portion to which the wood to be crushed is supplied by the feed conveyor 12 and the pressing roller 24 (the rear portion of the crushing device 15) to the normal rotation direction of the crushing rotor 15 (clockwise direction in FIG. 3). The curved plate 28, the anvil 34, the curved plate 41, and the screen (sieving member) 38 are provided so as to surround the crushing rotor 15. The curved plate 28, the anvil 34, the screen 38 and the like surround the crushing rotor 15. The crushing chamber 27, which is a cylindrical space around which the shredded pieces circulate, is defined.

  The crushing rotor 15 is rotatably supported with respect to the crusher frame 20 of the crushing device 13, and is attached to a large number of pedestals 35 provided on the outer peripheral surface and bolts 37 on the front side in the forward direction of each pedestal 35. A crushing bit (rotary blade) 36 is provided. When the crushing rotor 15 rotates in the forward rotation direction, each crushing bit 36 hits the crushed wood with the blade surface (collision surface) preceding the pedestal 35.

  The anvil 34 has a collision surface 39 with which the wood to be crushed introduced into the crushing chamber 27 collides, and the collision surface 39 faces the crushing pieces that circulate in the crushing chamber 27 as the crushing rotor 15 rotates. In this way, the holding member 40 is attached to the upstream side in the forward rotation direction of the crushing rotor 15 from the attachment portion of the curved plate 41. The holding member 40 for holding the anvil 39 is supported so as to be able to turn in the front-rear direction around the turning shaft 31 supported by the crusher frame 20 above the turning shaft 22 of the pressing feeder device 14 described above. In normal times, the support block 42 fixed to the inner wall surface of the crusher frame 20 is supported via a shear pin 43 to restrain the rotation operation. During operation, when an impact load exceeding the allowable shear stress of the shear pin 43 is applied to the anvil 34, the shear pin 43 is broken and the restraint of the holding member 40 is released, and the retaining member 40 rotates about the rotation shaft 31. The anvil 34 is retracted from the crushing chamber 27.

  The screen 38 is a plate-shaped sieve member that has a large number of discharge holes 80 (see FIG. 7, details will be described later) and is curved in an arc shape, and the fragments in the crushing chamber 27 pass through the discharge holes 80. It is discharged out of the crushing device 13. Further, the crushed pieces that circulate in the crushing chamber 27 without passing through the screen 38 are made fine by the action of collision, shearing, crushing, etc. between the screen 38 and the crushing rotor 15 and are eventually discharged through the screen 38. Thereby, the particle size of the crushed wood discharged from the crushing device 13 is adjusted according to the size of the discharge hole 80 of the screen 38. The screen 38 is held by a frame-type screen holder 44 so as to face the lower part of the outer peripheral surface of the crushing rotor 15 with a gap on the front side in the forward direction of the crushing rotor 15 with respect to the anvil 34. The screen holder 44 is configured to rotate up and down around the shaft-shaped first frame 45 as the cylinder 47 extends and contracts, and when the screen holder 44 is lowered from the state shown in FIG. The screen 38 faces a screen insertion / removal hole (not shown) provided in the machine frame 20, and the screen 38 can be inserted / removed through the screen insertion / removal hole. A state in which the screen holder 44 is lowered is shown in FIG.

  The cylinders 47 are, for example, hydraulic cylinders (or electric cylinders), and one cylinder 47 is installed on each of the left and right main body frames 10 (not shown in FIG. 3). Each cylinder 47 is positioned on the front side of the crushing device 13, and the bottom side is rotatably connected to a bracket 49 fixed on the main body frame 10, and the rear side with the connecting portion with the bracket 49 as a base end portion. Extending in the longitudinal direction of the main body frame 10. The rod tip of each cylinder 47 is connected to a slider 48 that slides along the body frame 10, and the slider 48 is connected to the vicinity of the front end of the screen holder 44 via an arm 46. Both ends of the arm 46 are rotatably connected to the slider 48 and the screen holder 44. As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, the slider 48 and the arm 46 constitute a link mechanism, and the expansion and contraction of the cylinder 47 is converted into the vertical movement of the screen holder 44 by the slider 48 and the arm 46. . Note that the length of the screen holder 44 and the arm 46, the front and rear positions of the cylinder 47, and the like are substantially along the tangential direction of the crushing chamber 27 when the screen holder 44 is raised (the state shown in FIG. 3). Thus, the angle is set so as to rise up to a right angle with respect to the main body frame 10, and consideration is given so that the push-up force and the posture holding force of the screen holder 44 by the link mechanism can be obtained effectively.

  1 and 2, the discharge conveyor 3 discharges the crushed wood discharged from the crushing device 13 to the outside of the machine, and includes a conveyor frame 50 and driving wheels provided with driving wheels and driven wheels (not shown) at both front and rear ends. A conveyor cover 51 attached to the conveyor frame 50 so as to cover the upper part of the conveying surface of the conveyor belt 59 (see FIG. 3 and the like) wound between the belt and the driven wheel, and a driving device for rotating the driving wheel (for the discharge conveyor) Hydraulic motor) 52 and the like. A portion on the discharge side (front side) of the discharge conveyor 3 is suspended and supported by a support member 53 that protrudes from a support portion of the power unit 4, and an end portion on the opposite side (rear side) is interposed via a support member 54. The main body frame 10 is suspended and supported. The discharge conveyor 3 extends forward from the lower side of the crushing device 13, and after passing through the lower side of the power device 4, the discharge conveyor 3 is inclined so as to rise toward the front. However, a straight first conveyor that extends forward from below the crushing device 13 in the lower region of the main body frame 10 and forward from below the discharge end of the first conveyor without using the bent conveyor in this way. In some cases, the discharge conveyor may be configured with a straight second conveyor that is inclined upward.

  The power unit 4 is mounted on the other end in the longitudinal direction of the main body frame 10 via a support member 55. A driver's seat 56 is provided in a compartment on the rear side of the power unit 4 and on one side in the body width direction (lower side in FIG. 2). The driver's seat 56 is provided with an operation lever 57 for operating the wood crusher. Below the driver's seat 56 is provided an operation panel 58 for performing other operations, settings, monitoring and the like. Yes.

  5 is a perspective view showing the screen holder 44 extracted, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VI-VI in FIG. In FIG. 5, the screen 38 is not shown in order to clearly show the configuration of the screen holder 44.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the screen holder 44 includes a first frame 45 and a second frame 61 that extend substantially parallel to the rotation axis of the crushing rotor 15 (the body width direction), and screen holding members 62 a to 62 e that extend in the longitudinal direction of the body. It is configured in a frame shape. The screen holding members 62a-62e are adjusted to a weight (for example, 20 kg or less) that can be carried by one worker. Further, on the outer side surface in the body width direction of the screen holding members 62a and 62e arranged on the outermost side, the arm 46 constituting the link mechanism with the cylinder 39 is located at a position in the vicinity of the second frame 61. A pivot shaft 72 that pivotably connects is provided to project. Furthermore, the screen holding members 62 a and 62 e are provided with holding members 71 arranged on the arc-shaped screen mounting surface on which the screen 38 is mounted at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the crushing rotor 15. . A plurality of screens 38 are integrated in the axial direction of the crushing rotor 15 and arranged in the circumferential direction, and each piece of the screen 38 is independently held at each installation position by the holding member 71.

  The first frame 45 is formed of a shaft-like member (round bar, round pipe, etc.) having a circular cross section, and between the drive wheel 16 and the crushing rotor 15 of the feed conveyor 12, the drive wheel 15 and crushing are performed. It is positioned lower than the central axis of the rotor 15 and above the discharge conveyor 3. When viewed relative to the crushing rotor 15, the position is the obliquely lower rear side of the crushing rotor 15. That is, it is arranged in a narrow space between the drive wheel 16 of the feed conveyor 12, the crushing rotor 15 and the discharge conveyor 3, and is spanned between the left and right crusher frames 20, for example. In the present embodiment, a shaft-shaped member having a circular cross section is used for the first frame 45, but it may be replaced with, for example, a beam-shaped frame having a square cross section. It is also conceivable that the conveyor frame of the feed conveyor 12 or the front frame portion of the hopper 11 is also used as the first frame 45.

  The second frame 61 is formed of a rod-shaped member (round bar, round pipe or the like) having a circular cross section, and is located in front of the first frame 45 and provided substantially parallel to the first frame 45. . When viewed relative to the crushing rotor 15, the position is disposed on the front side of the crushing rotor 15 and at a height that is the same as or slightly lower than the central axis of the crushing rotor 15. The second frame 61 is provided with a plurality (five in this example) of brackets 63a to 63e spaced from each other in the body width direction. These brackets 63a to 63e may be fixed to the second frame 61 by welding or the like, or may be fixed to the second frame 61 through means such as pins, bolts, and keys. Moreover, although the case where the screen holding members 62a-62e and the brackets 63a-63e are fastened to each other by bolts is illustrated, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which both are fixed via means such as pins and keys. The outermost brackets 63 a and 63 e are provided in a flange shape on both end surfaces of the second frame 61. The brackets 63 a and 63 e are provided with a plurality of bolt through holes (not shown) for fastening the screen holding members 62 a and 62 e to the outer periphery of the second frame 61. The other brackets 63b-63d located inside the brackets 63a, 63e have bolt through holes (not shown) for fastening the screen holding members 62b-62d, respectively. The brackets 63b to 63d are arranged so that the distance between the brackets 63a and 63e is substantially equally divided (strictly, the screen holding members 62a to 62e are equally spaced), and the bolt through holes are formed in the second frame. 61 is located on the first frame 45 side.

  The screen holding members 62a-62e are arranged at substantially equal intervals in the machine body width direction, and both ends are supported by brackets 63a-63e of the first frame 45 and the second frame 61, respectively. At this time, the screen holding members 62a-62e have locking portions 65 that lock the first frame 45 at one end and fastening portions 66a-66e for bolting the corresponding brackets 63a-63e to the other end. doing. That is, only the fastening portions 66a to 66e are bolted to the brackets 63a to 63e in a state where the locking portion 65 on one end side is engaged with the first frame 45, and the fastening portions 66a to 66e side The first and second frames 45 and 61 are attached and detached by engaging and disengaging the bolts.

  The locking portion 65 of each of the screen holding members 62a to 62e has a piercing shape with a guide portion 67 that is hooked (placed) on the first frame 45 and a posture holding portion 68 that is disposed opposite to the lower side of the guide portion 67. The guide portion 67 and the posture holding portion 68 are engaged with the first frame 45 so as to be sandwiched from above and below. As described above, when the first frame 45 is also used as the conveyor frame of the feed conveyor 12 and the front frame portion of the hopper 11, or instead of a shaft-shaped member, a square beam or a large-diameter shaft is used as the first frame. 45, not only the configuration in which the first frame is sandwiched between the guide portion 67 and the posture holding portion 68 but also a configuration in which the guide portion 67 is inserted by providing a hole in the front surface of the first frame. It is done. In this case, a bar may be provided in the hole, and the bar may be sandwiched from above and below by the guide portion 67 and the posture holding portion 68. Alternatively, the posture holding portion 68 may be omitted and the bar may be guided to a simple hole. It is good also as a structure which inserts the part 67. FIG. When providing a bar, it is good also as a structure which provides not only the case where a hole is provided in the front surface of a 1st frame but the bracket which has a bar in the front surface of a 1st frame.

  The lower surface of the guide portion 67 that hangs on the upper part of the outer peripheral surface of the first frame 45 and deposits the weight of the screen holding member 62 on the first frame 45 is used when the screen holding member 62 is engaged with and disengaged from the first frame 45. It becomes a guide surface slidable in the upper part of the outer peripheral surface of 45. When the screen holding member 62 is lowered onto the conveyor belt 59 of the lower discharge conveyor 13 with the first frame 45 as a fulcrum, the guide surface 69 is released from the discharge conveyor 13. It is formed at an angle that is substantially parallel to the transport surface or downward in the transport direction. The guide surface 69 is formed straight from the base end portion (the portion where the screen holding member 62 restrains the first frame 45 in the state shown in FIGS. 5 and 6) toward the tip end portion (rear end portion). Therefore, at least the base end side should not be provided with a stepped portion such that the distal end side protrudes downward.

  On the other hand, the posture holding unit 68 positioned on the lower side of the first frame 45 when engaged with the first frame 45 causes the guide surface 69 to slide on the first frame 45 during engagement with the first frame 45. In order not to interfere with the first frame 45 and hinder the sliding, the distance between the opposed surfaces to the guide surface 69 is uniformly made slightly larger than the diameter of the first frame 45. ing. During the crushing operation, a downward force is applied to the screen 38 by the crushing pieces, and this force is received by the guide surface 69 with respect to the first frame 45. On the other hand, the posture holding unit 68 holds the first frame 45 between the guide unit 67 and restrains its own vertical movement with respect to the first frame 45. For example, the posture holding unit 68 holds the screen by vibration or the like during the crushing operation. The floating of the member 62 is prevented. In this example, the facing surface of the guide portion 67 of the posture holding portion 68 is formed substantially parallel to the guide surface 69.

  Further, the above-described fastening portions 66a to 66e that are bolted to the brackets 63a to 63e of the second frame 61 have bolt holes (screw holes) 70 into which the bolts are screwed. The bolt holes 70 are formed at positions corresponding to the bolt through holes (not shown) of the brackets 63a to 63e to be attached, and the fastening portions 66a to 66e are suitable for arranging the bolt holes 70. It is formed in the shape of. For example, the fastening portions 66a and 66e of the screen holding members 62a and 62e at the outermost positions are formed in a shape that covers the flange-like brackets 63a and 63e as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the fastening portions 66b-66d of the inner screen holding members 62b-62d are disposed at positions protruding outward in the radial direction (in this case, the front side) in the vicinity of the front end portions of the screen holding members 62b-63d. Consideration is made so that the installation location of the bolt hole 70 comes close to the outermost part of the rotation trajectory of the screen holding members 62b to 62d when the frame 45 is rotated about the fulcrum. At this time, since the bolt through holes of the brackets 63b to 63d are located at a position separated from the second frame 61 toward the first frame 45, the most trajectory of the screen holding members 62b to 62d having the first frame 45 as a fulcrum. The outer peripheral portion is retracted toward the first frame 45 with respect to the second frame 61. That is, the screen holding members 62b-62d can be lowered onto the discharge conveyor 3 with the guide portion 54 as a fulcrum without causing the screen holding members 62b-62d to interfere with the second frame 61.

  FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the screen 38 cut along a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis of the crushing rotor 15.

  7, the screen 38 is formed in an arc shape along the rotation locus R of the outermost peripheral portion of the crushing rotor 15, and faces the rotation locus R through a gap. As described above, the screen 38 is provided with a plurality of discharge holes 80 (only one is shown in FIG. 7). The discharge hole 80 is opened by extending the center line C in the radial direction of the crushing rotor 15 (normal direction of the rotation locus R). Further, the discharge hole 80 is not a mere cylindrical round hole, but has different shapes on the inner side and the outer side in the radial direction of the crushing rotor 15, and the particle size adjusting unit 81 and the particle size adjusting unit 81 on the inner side in the radial direction of the crushing rotor 15. The crushing rotor 15 is divided into a discharge promoting portion 82 that is continuous with the outer side in the radial direction of the crushing rotor 15 and whose diameter is enlarged with respect to the particle size adjusting portion 81.

  The particle size adjusting unit 81 is a circular hole in the present embodiment, and its inner wall surface extends in parallel with the center line C of the discharge hole 80. Further, when viewed from the axial direction of the crushing rotor 15 as shown in FIG. 7, the particle size adjusting unit 81 intersects the rotational tangent L of the crushing rotor 15. The rotation tangent L of the crushing rotor 15 here refers to the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 15 at the crushing rotor side opening edge of the particle size adjusting unit 81 (that is, the crushing rotor side opening edge of the discharge hole 80) (see arrows). This is a line that passes through the point A on the rear side and touches the rotation locus R. A contact point P between the rotation tangent L and the rotation locus R is a point on the rear side in the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 15 with respect to the point A. The length of the particle size adjusting unit 81 taken in the radial direction of the crushing rotor 15 is, for example, about half the plate thickness of the screen 38, and is set slightly longer than half in the present embodiment. Although depending on the hole diameter of the particle size adjusting unit 81, for example, if the plate thickness of the screen 38 is 19 mm, the particle size adjusting unit 81 is about 10-12 mm.

  The discharge promoting portion 82 is formed in a tapered shape (conical shape) that expands outward in the radial direction of the crushing rotor 15. Although the taper angle of the discharge promoting portion 82 is not necessarily limited, in the present embodiment, when viewed from the axial direction of the crushing rotor 15, the radial inner edge X of the crushing rotor 15 of the discharge promoting portion 82 A line passing through the outer edge Y in the radial direction of the crushing rotor 15 (in this example, an extension line of the discharge promoting portion 82) is adjusted so as to intersect the inner wall surface of the particle size adjusting portion 81. The edges X and Y are two points on the same plane passing through the center line C of the discharge hole 80 and are two points on the same side with respect to the center line C.

  When forming the discharge hole 80 of the present embodiment, a through hole is formed in the screen 38 with a drill having the same diameter as that of the particle size adjusting unit 81, for example. Thereafter, a drill with a larger diameter is coaxially aligned with the drilled through-hole, a portion on the radially outer side of the crushing rotor 15 is cut at the tip of the drill, and a tapered discharge promoting portion 82 is tapered depending on the tip angle of the drill. Form. The portion left inside the crushing rotor 15 in the radial direction from the discharge promoting portion 82 constitutes the particle size adjusting portion 81.

  Next, the operation of the wood crusher of the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described.

  When the wood to be crushed is put into the hopper 11 by a heavy machine (hydraulic excavator or the like) equipped with an appropriate work tool such as a grapple, the wood to be crushed is placed on the conveyor belt 17 of the feed conveyor 12 and is circulated and driven. It is conveyed toward the crushing device 13 by the belt 17. When the wood to be crushed is conveyed to the vicinity of the pressure feeder device 14, the presser roller 24 rides on the wood to be crushed, and the material to be crushed is pressed against the conveying surface of the feed conveyor 12 by the weight of the presser roller 24. In this way, the presser roller 24 introduces the wood to be crushed into the crushing chamber 27 in cooperation with the feed conveyor 12 with the wood to be crushed sandwiched between the feed conveyor 12. At that time, the wood to be crushed protrudes into the crushing chamber 27 in a cantilever shape with a portion sandwiched between the pressing roller 24 and the feed conveyor 12 as a fulcrum.

  The crushing bit 36 of the crushing rotor 15 that rotates at high speed collides with the crushed wood protruding into the crushing chamber 27 from below, whereby the crushed wood is roughly crushed. The fragments to be crushed and thus sputtered into the crushing chamber 27 collide with the anvil 34 and are further crushed by the impact force. The crushed pieces continue to circulate in the crushing chamber 27 as the crushing rotor 15 rotates, and collide with the crushing bit 36, the anvil 34, the inner wall surface of the crushing chamber 27 such as the screen 38, shearing action, and crushing action. Etc. and is crushed. Then, the crushed pieces that have been pulverized so as to pass through the discharge holes 80 of the screen 38 sequentially pass through the screen 38 and are discharged from the crushing chamber 27. The crushed wood discharged from the crushing chamber 27 falls on the discharge conveyor 3, is transported by the discharge conveyor 3, and is discharged outside the machine.

  The effects obtained by the present embodiment will be sequentially described.

(1) Coexistence of grain quality and dischargeability of crushed wood According to the present embodiment, the screen 38 has the grain size adjustment unit 81 perpendicular to the surface of the screen 38 facing the crushing rotor 15, and the grain size adjustment unit 81 has Since it is long enough to collide with the rotational tangent L, the fragments that enter the discharge hole 80 at an angle close to the rotational tangent L interfere with the particle size adjusting unit 81 without passing through. It is possible to suppress the crushed pieces that have not been crushed to a sufficient particle size from passing through the screen 38, and to ensure a sufficient opportunity for crushing by the crushing bit 36 or the like. Further, a shearing action by the particle size adjusting unit 81 and the crushing bit 36 can be expected. Therefore, variation in the grain size of the crushed wood can be suppressed.

  On the other hand, the provision of the discharge promoting portion 82 on the outlet side of the discharge hole 80 of the screen 38 reduces the apparent plate thickness by the length of the particle size adjusting portion 81 in the discharge hole 80 portion. Thus, by reducing the apparent plate thickness of the screen 38 in the discharge hole 80 portion, it becomes difficult for crush pieces to be clogged in the discharge hole 80, and the dischargeability of the crushed wood can be improved.

(2) Ensuring the strength of the screen To improve the discharge efficiency of the crushed wood, the effect can be expected simply by reducing the thickness of the screen 38. However, if the screen 38 is made thinner as a whole, the strength of the screen 38 itself is improved. Is insufficient, causing deformation and breakage.

  In contrast, in the present embodiment, the thickness of the entire screen 38 is maintained, and the apparent plate pressure can be reduced only in the portion of the discharge hole 80 by providing the discharge promotion portion 82 in the discharge hole 80. A sufficient strength of the screen 38 can be ensured while improving the discharge performance.

(3) Ensuring manufacturing ease Since the discharge hole 80 is opened in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the screen 38, unlike the case where the discharge hole is inclined, a special machining method is not required to be drilled. easy. In addition, a long processing time can be suppressed.

(4) Ensuring Ease of Handling For example, when the discharge hole 80 is tilted along the rotation tangent L of the crushing rotor 15, the mounting direction of the screen 38 with respect to the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 15 is determined to be one. If the inclination direction of the discharge hole 80 is mistakenly attached 180 degrees in reverse, the dischargeability of the crushed wood is significantly reduced, and on the contrary, it becomes easy to clog. In order to prevent this structurally, it is necessary to devise the structure of the screen 38 and the screen holding members 62a to 62e so that the screen 38 can be attached only in a specific direction.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the discharge hole 80 is opened at right angles to the screen 38, there is no need to worry about the direction of the discharge hole 80 when attaching the screen 38 to the screen holding members 62a-62e. The same effect can be obtained even if it is mounted in the direction. Therefore, it is not necessary to devise the structure of the screen 38 and the screen holding members 62a-62e so that the screen 38 can be attached only in a specific direction, and the screen 38 can be easily handled when being attached to and detached from the screen holding members 62a-62e. .

(5) Suppression of screen wear If the discharge hole 80 is inclined according to the rotation tangent L of the crushing rotor 15, an acute angle portion facing the crushing piece at the inlet of the discharge hole 80 (opening edge on the crushing rotor 15 side) Occurs. The sharp part is weaker and is easily worn by the colliding pieces.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the entrance of the discharge hole 80, that is, the inner wall of the particle size adjusting portion 81 is perpendicular to the surface of the screen 38, it is less likely to be worn than when the discharge hole 80 is inclined. Therefore, wear of the screen 38 can be suppressed.

  FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a screen provided in the wood crusher according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The illustration in FIG. 8 corresponds to FIG. 7, and the same parts as those in the above-described drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the above-mentioned drawings, and the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 8, this embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the discharge promotion portion 82 ′ of the discharge hole 80 ′ of the screen 38 ′ has a step with respect to the particle size adjustment portion 81 and has a stepped diameter. It is the point which is formed in the spot shape. When forming the discharge hole 80 ′ of the present embodiment, for example, a through hole is formed in the screen 38 ′ with a drill having the same diameter as that of the particle size adjusting unit 81. After that, for example, the inner wall surface of the opening portion opposite to the crushing rotor 15 of the through hole already drilled by the end mill is processed on the entire circumference (or coaxial processing with the through hole by an end mill having a large diameter), and a counterbore-like discharge promoting portion 82 'is formed. The portion left inside the crushing rotor 15 in the radial direction from the discharge promoting portion 82 ′ constitutes the particle size adjusting portion 81.

  A ball end mill can also be used to form the discharge promoting portion 82. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7, the discharge promoting portion 82 is formed in an R shape (a saddle shape whose diameter increases toward the outside in the radial direction of the crushing rotor 15) instead of a square cross section.

  The configuration other than the above is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained in this embodiment.

  In the above embodiment, the screen holder 44 can be disassembled. However, the screen holder 44 may be an integral structure. Moreover, although the case where the present invention is applied to a wood crusher capable of traveling on its own has been described as an example, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be lifted and transported by a mobile wood crusher that can be pulled and run, for example, a crane. The present invention can also be applied to a portable wood crusher and a stationary wood crusher arranged as a fixed machine in a plant or the like. In these cases, similar effects can be obtained.

It is a side view which shows the whole structure of the wood crusher which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the whole structure of the wood crusher which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a see-through | perspective side view which shows the detailed structure of the vicinity of the crushing apparatus with which the wood crusher which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention was equipped. It is a see-through | perspective side view which shows the detailed structure of the vicinity of the crushing apparatus with which the wood crusher which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention was equipped. It is a perspective view which extracts and shows the screen holder with which the wood crusher which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention was equipped. It is arrow sectional drawing by the VI-VI line in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the screen with which the wood crusher which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention was equipped. It is sectional drawing of the screen with which the wood crusher which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention was equipped.

Explanation of symbols

15 Crushing rotor 36 Crushing bit 38, 38 'Screen 80, 80' Discharge hole 81 Grain size adjusting part 82, 82 'Discharge promoting part A Point on the opening edge of the particle size adjusting part C Discharge hole center line L Rotating crushing rotor Tangent R Rotation trajectory X of the crushing rotor Edge Y on the inner side in the rotor radial direction of the discharge promoting part Edge on the outer side in the rotor radial direction of the discharge promoting part

Claims (5)

In a wood crusher that crushes crushed wood,
A crushing rotor having a plurality of crushing bits attached to the outer periphery;
A screen having a plurality of discharge holes, arranged opposite to the outer peripheral surface of the crushing rotor, and formed in an arc shape along the rotation trajectory of the outermost peripheral portion of the crushing rotor ,
A discharge hole of the screen is opened by extending a center line in the radial direction of the crushing rotor, and a particle size adjusting unit that opens inward in the radial direction of the crushing rotor, and on a radially outer side of the crushing rotor. open, it consists with the particle size adjusting unit the continuous outward in the radial direction of the crushing rotor of the grain discharge promoting portion whose diameter is enlarged relative adjustment unit,
An inner wall surface of the particle size adjustment unit extends parallel to the center line of the discharge hole, and when viewed from the axial direction of the crushing rotor, in the crushing rotor side of the opening edge portion of the particle size adjusting unit <br/> which is formed with a rotation direction of said length as to intersect the rotational tangent line of the crushing rotor in contact with the rotating locus of the outermost peripheral portion of the street the crushing rotor point on the rear side of the crushing rotor A wood crusher characterized by that.   In the wood crusher of Claim 1, when it sees from the axial direction of the said crushing rotor, the edge part inside the radial direction of the said crushing rotor of the said discharge promotion part and the edge part outside the radial direction of the said crushing rotor A wood crusher characterized in that a passing line intersects an inner wall surface of the particle size adjusting unit.   3. The wood crusher according to claim 1, wherein a radial length of the crushing rotor of the particle size adjusting unit is about half of a plate thickness of the screen.   4. The wood crusher according to claim 1, wherein the discharge promoting portion is formed in a tapered shape that expands radially outward of the crushing rotor.   4. The wood crusher according to claim 1, wherein the discharge promoting part is formed in a spot shape that has a stepped diameter with respect to the particle size adjusting part.

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