JP2011050879A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crusher capable of controlling damage of the main structure of a crushing unit when foreign matter bites into an anvil and a crushing bit. <P>SOLUTION: The crusher, including a crushing unit frame 20, a crushing rotor 15 having a drum portion 35 attached to the crushing unit frame 20 in a freely rotatable way and the crushing bit 36 arranged in the outer periphery of the drum portion 35, a crushing chamber 27 housing the crushing rotor 15 and the anvil 34 arranged within the crushing chamber 27 so as to oppose the rotation trajectory of the crushing rotor 15 through a clearance, has an anvil frame 40 holding the anvil 34 and arranged so as to be freely rotatable to the crusher unit frame 20 and a shear pin 43 allowing the anvil frame 40 to rotate when an impact beyond the allowable value for the anvil 34 is applied and opening the crushing chamber 27. The anvil 34 is configured so as to be broken by an impact comparable with the allowable value for the shear pin 43. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a crusher for crushing various objects to be crushed, such as thinned wood, waste wood, construction waste, etc., mainly for the reuse and volume reduction of waste.

  As a kind of crusher, a crushing rotor with a plurality of crushing bits provided on the outer peripheral surface is rotated at high speed in the crushing chamber, and the object to be crushed is struck by impact with a crushing bit or an anvil (fixed blade) provided in the crushing chamber. There is what is crushed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2006-192377 A

  The crushing rotor of a crusher to which the present invention is applied hits and crushes the object to be crushed using the moment of inertia of the crushing rotor itself in addition to the rotational power given from the power source. In the case of wood-based crushed objects that are mainly assumed to be crushed, the crushing operation proceeds while the crushing rotor absorbs the energy of the crushed rotor appropriately, so there is usually a force applied between the anvil and the crushing bit. It does not increase rapidly. However, if a foreign object that is difficult to crush, such as an iron block mixed in the material to be crushed, is caught between the anvil and the crushing bit, the inertial force of the crushing rotor momentarily acts on the anvil, and excessive impact force is applied to the anvil. It will take.

  Therefore, the crusher of Patent Document 1 is configured to hold a rotatable anvil frame holding an anvil with a shear pin (shear pin). With this configuration, when an excessive impact force is momentarily applied to the anvil, such as when foreign matter mixed in the object to be crushed bites between the anvil and the crushing bit, the shear pin is cut and the anvil frame Rotates, the crushing chamber is opened and foreign matter is discharged.

  However, the peripheral speed of the crushing rotor during the crushing operation is very large (for example, about 50 m / s), and a corresponding moment of inertia is also latent in the anvil housing. Therefore, even the impact force at the moment when a foreign object is caught between the crushing bit and the anvil alone may cause damage to the main structure of the crushing device, such as the crushing rotor and the anvil housing.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a crusher capable of suppressing damage to a main structure of a crushing device when a foreign object is caught between an anvil and a crushing bit. To do.

  In order to achieve the above object, a first invention includes a crushing device frame, a crushing rotor having a drum portion rotatably provided with respect to the crushing device frame, and a crushing bit provided on an outer peripheral portion of the drum portion; A crusher comprising: a crushing chamber that houses the crushing rotor; and an anvil provided in the crushing chamber so as to face a rotation locus of the crushing rotor via a gap; An anvil frame provided so as to be rotatable with respect to the frame, and when the impact force exceeding an allowable value is applied to the anvil, the anvil frame is allowed to rotate so as to be retracted from the crushing rotor. An anvil frame rotation permitting means for opening the crushing chamber, and the anvil is approximately equal to an allowable value of the anvil frame rotation permitting means Characterized in that it is configured to break a small impact force than Re.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the anvil includes a plurality of slits at a predetermined interval in the extending direction of the rotation shaft of the crushing rotor at a portion facing the crushing rotor. To do.

  According to a third aspect, in the first aspect, the anvil is divided into a plurality of parts in the extending direction of the rotation shaft of the crushing rotor.

  According to a fourth invention, in any one of the first to third inventions, the crushing bit is configured to be bent with an impact force that is equal to or less than a tolerance value of the anvil frame rotation permission means. It is characterized by being.

  In a fifth aspect of the present invention based on any one of the first to fourth aspects, the anvil frame rotation permitting means is a shear pin that connects the anvil frame to the crushing device frame.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the damage of the main structure of the crushing apparatus at the time of a foreign material biting between an anvil and a crushing bit can be suppressed.

It is a side view which shows the whole structure of the crusher which concerns on this invention. It is a top view which shows the whole structure of the crusher which concerns on this invention. It is a see-through | perspective side view which shows the detailed structure of the vicinity of the crushing apparatus with which the crusher which concerns on this invention was equipped. It is the perspective view which extracted and represented the crushing rotor with which the crusher which concerns on this invention was equipped. It is the perspective view which extracted and represented the crushing bit with which the crusher which concerns on this invention was equipped. It is a figure showing a mode that the crushing bit with which the crusher concerning this invention was equipped deform | transforms by the biting of a foreign material. It is the perspective view which extracted and represented the anvil frame with which the crusher which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention was equipped. It is the perspective view which extracted and represented the anvil with which the crusher which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention was equipped. It is sectional drawing orthogonal to the collision surface of the anvil with which the crusher which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention was equipped. It is the perspective view which extracted and represented the anvil with which the crusher which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention was equipped. It is sectional drawing orthogonal to the collision surface of the anvil with which the crusher which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention was equipped. It is the perspective view which extracted and represented one part of the anvil with which the crusher which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention was equipped. It is a perspective view of the anvil frame equipped with the anvil provided in the crusher according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  1 is a side view showing the overall structure of a crusher according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a view of the vicinity of a crushing device provided in the crusher shown in FIG. It is a see-through | perspective side view which shows a detailed structure. In the following, the directions corresponding to the right and left in FIG. 1 are the front and rear of the crusher.

  The crusher illustrated in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 is crushed by a traveling body 1 for self-running, a crushing function constituent unit 2 that crushes an object to be crushed provided on the traveling body 1, and a crushing function constituent unit 2. A discharge conveyor 3 for conveying the crushed material and discharging it out of the machine, and a power unit (power unit) 4 equipped with an engine or the like as a power source for each of the mounted devices. The shredder targeted by the crusher of the present embodiment includes, for example, pruned branch materials and thinned wood generated in the forest, wood such as waste wood generated when the building is demolished, and waste plastic This includes wood, waste tatami and bamboo. The wood is not limited to relatively dry and hard wood, but also includes soft wood with a large amount of water such as roadside branches and roadside weeds that have just been pruned. In the present embodiment, these objects to be crushed are collectively referred to as objects to be crushed.

  The traveling body 1 includes a track frame 5, driving wheels 6 and driven wheels 7 provided at both front and rear ends of the track frame 5, a driving device (traveling hydraulic motor) 8 having an output shaft connected to the shaft of the driving wheel 6, and driving A crawler belt (endless track crawler belt) 9 is provided around the wheel 6 and the driven wheel 7. A main body frame 10 is provided on the track frame 5, and the main body frame 10 supports the crushing function component 2, the discharge conveyor 3, the power unit 4, and the like.

  The crushing function component 2 is introduced by a hopper 11 that receives an object to be crushed, a feed conveyor 12 (see FIG. 2) as a means for conveying the object to be crushed accommodated in the hopper 11, and a feed conveyor 12. The crushing device 13 for crushing the crushed material (see FIG. 3), and the crushing device that presses the crushed material before the crushing device 13 and introduces the crushed material introduced into the crushing device 13 in cooperation with the feed conveyor 12 13 is provided with a pressing feeder device 14 (see FIG. 3).

  The feed conveyor 12 is a feeder that conveys and supplies an object to be crushed toward a crushing rotor 15 (described later), is accommodated in the hopper 11, and extends substantially horizontally rearward from the vicinity of the crushing rotor 15 (described later). is doing. The feed conveyor 12 includes a sprocket-like drive wheel 16 (see FIG. 3) disposed opposite to the rear side of the crushing rotor 15, and a driven wheel (not shown) provided on the opposite side (near the rear end of the machine body). A conveying belt (chain belt) 17 is provided between the driving wheel 16 and the driven wheel and is arranged in a plurality of rows (four rows in this example) in the width direction. The driven wheel is supported by a bearing 19 (see FIG. 1) provided at the rear portion of the side wall body 18 (see FIG. 1) of the hopper 11, and the drive wheel 16 is the left and right side walls of the crushing device 13 on the front side of the hopper 11. It is supported by a bearing (not shown) provided on a certain crusher frame 20. The rotating shaft 21 of the driving wheel 16 of the feed conveyor 12 is connected to an output shaft of a driving device (not shown) provided outside the bearing in the body width direction via a coupling or the like. Therefore, by rotating and driving a driving device (not shown), the conveyor belt 17 is circulated between the driving wheel 16 and the driven wheel, and the object to be crushed on the feed conveyor 12 is supplied to the crushing device 13.

  The pressing feeder device 14 includes a rotating shaft 22 that extends in the body width direction above the crushing rotor 15, a support member 23 that is supported so as to be swingable in the vertical direction about the rotating shaft 22, and a support member 23. A presser roller 24 that is rotatably supported and faces the conveying surface of the feed conveyor 12 on the rear side of the crushing rotor 15 is provided.

  The rotating shaft 22 is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown) provided on the crushing device frame 20.

  The support member 23 includes an arm portion 25 that rotates about a rotation shaft 22 and a bracket portion 26 that is attached to the distal end side of the arm portion 25 and that is attached to a press roller. The lower surface of the arm portion 25 is curved in an arc shape, and a curved plate 28 that defines an upper portion of a crushing chamber 27 (described later) for housing the crushing rotor 15 is attached to the curved portion.

  The press roller 24 is set such that the dimension in the width direction (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 3) is equal to or larger than the width of the transport surface of the feed conveyor 12, and a driving device (not shown) is provided in the body portion. Built in. The presser roller 24 is rotated at a peripheral speed similar to the conveying speed of the object to be crushed by the feed conveyor 12 by this driving device (not shown). To be introduced later).

  Further, the pressure feeder device 14 can be forcibly moved up and down by a hydraulic cylinder 29 during maintenance or the like. The hydraulic cylinder 29 has a bottom end connected to a bracket 30 fixed to the crushing device frame 20 and a rod end connected to a bracket 32 provided at the rear end of the upper surface of the arm 25 so as to be rotatable. ing.

  The crushing device 13 is located substantially on the center of the main body frame 10 (see FIG. 1) in the longitudinal direction, and as shown in FIG. An anvil (fixed blade) 34 provided outside in the direction is provided. Around the crushing rotor 15, the curved plate 28, the anvil 34, the curved plate 41, and the screen (sieving member) 38 are arranged in the forward rotation direction (clockwise direction in FIG. 3) from the portion facing the feed conveyor 12. Is provided so as to surround the crushing rotor 15, and the crushing chamber 27 is defined around the crushing rotor 15 by the curved plate 28, the anvil 34, the screen 38, and the like.

  Here, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the crushing rotor 15 extracted.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the crushing rotor 15 includes a cylindrical drum portion 35 that is rotatably provided with respect to the crushing device frame 20, and a plurality of crushing bits (rotary blades) that are provided on the outer periphery of the drum portion 35. 36. A rotating shaft (not shown) of the drum unit 35 is rotatably supported by bearings 37 fixed to the left and right crushing device frames 20, and a driving device (not shown) for the crushing device and a belt 33. And is rotationally driven by a driving device for a crushing device. The crushing bits 36 are arranged in a V shape in which the center in the axial direction of the drum portion 35 is retracted to the rear side in the rotation direction (forward rotation direction indicated by an arrow), and a pedestal 35 a provided on the outer peripheral surface of the drum portion 35. Are attached with bolts 35b.

  FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the crushing bit 36 extracted.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the crushing bit 36 includes an attachment portion 36 a for the pedestal 35 a and a main body portion 36 b that strikes an object to be crushed. The attachment portion 36a has a notch portion 36c. When the bolt 35b is passed through the pedestal 35a after being inserted into the pedestal 35b from the outside in the radial direction of the drum portion 35, the bolt 35b engages with the notch portion 36c. By doing so, it is fixed to the pedestal 35a. The main body portion 36b is L-shaped by a striking portion 36e having a striking surface 36d facing the front side in the forward rotation direction of the drum portion 35, and a base portion 36f interposed between the striking portion 36e and the mounting portion 36a and seated on the pedestal 35a. It is formed into a mold. At this time, when an impact load is applied to the striking surface 36d, a shearing force acts on the cross section S1 of the boundary portion between the attachment portion 36a and the main body portion 36b. In the present embodiment, the cross section S2 that intersects the striking surface 36d of the front end side (the radially outer side of the drum section 35) of the striking portion 36e is smaller than the cross section S1, and the striking portion 36e is bent in preference to the mounting portion 36a. It is. Although depending on the material of the crushing bit 36, the cross section S2 is as shown in FIG. 6 with an impact force that is about the same as or slightly smaller than the allowable value of a later-described shear pin (anvil frame rotation permission means) 43. The hitting portion 36e is designed to be bent.

  Returning to FIG. 3, the anvil 34 is provided in the crushing chamber 27 so as to face the rotation trajectory of the crushing rotor 15 through a gap, and a collision surface on which an object to be crushed introduced into the crushing chamber 27 collides. 39, and the crushing piece rotating around the crushing chamber 27 with the rotation of the crushing rotor 15 collides with the collision surface 39, so that the crushing rotor 15 is more positive than the mounting portion of the curved plate 41 in the anvil frame 40. It is attached upstream in the rolling direction. A rotating shaft 31 supported by the crushing device frame 20 extends in the left-right direction of the machine body above the rotating shaft 22 of the press feeder device 14 described above. The anvil frame 40 that holds the anvil 34 is supported so as to be pivotable in the front-rear direction with respect to the crushing device frame 20 with the rotation shaft 31 as a fulcrum, and further, a beam 42 and a shear pin 43 that are passed to the left and right crushing device frames 20. Is connected to the crushing device frame 20 (described later with reference to FIG. 7), and normally, the rotation operation is restricted in a posture in which the anvil 34 faces the crushing chamber 27. That is, when an impact load exceeding the allowable shear stress of the shear pin 43 is applied to the anvil 34 during operation, the shear pin 43 as the anvil frame rotation permission means is broken, the restraint of the anvil frame 40 is released, and the anvil frame 40 is The crushing chamber 27 is opened by rotating about the rotation shaft 31 to move away from the crushing rotor 15 (withdrawn from the crushing rotor).

  The screen 38 is a plate-shaped sieve member that has a large number of discharge holes (not shown) and is curved in an arc shape. The screen holder 44 is located on the front side in the forward rotation direction of the crushing rotor 15 with respect to the anvil 34. And is opposed to the lower half side of the crushing rotor 15. A plurality of screens 38 (four in this embodiment) are arranged in the direction of rotation of the crushing rotor 15. Among the crushed pieces being crushed in the crushing chamber 27, those having a particle size passing through the discharge hole pass through the screen 38 and are discharged from the crushing device 13, and the crushed pieces circulating around the crushing chamber 27 without passing through the screen 38 are The screen 38 and the crushing rotor 15 are finely divided by the action of collision, shearing, crushing, and the like, and the action of the crushing bit 36 and the anvil 34 and the like, and eventually discharged through the screen 38. Therefore, the particle size of the crushed material discharged from the crushing device 13 is adjusted according to the size of the discharge hole of the screen 38.

  The screen holder 44 that supports the screen 38 is configured to rotate in the vertical direction as the cylinder 47 (only the rod is shown) expands and contracts with a shaft 45 extending in the machine body width direction as a fulcrum. In the case of descending from the time posture), the screen 38 descends to a position lower than the crushing device frame 20, and the screen 38 can be inserted and removed from the side of the machine body.

  The cylinders 47 are, for example, hydraulic cylinders (or electric cylinders), and one cylinder 47 is installed on each of the left and right main body frames 10 (not shown in FIG. 3). Each cylinder 47 is located on the front side of the crushing device 13, and the bottom side is connected to a bracket (not shown) fixed on the main body frame 10. The cylinder 47 extends rearward with a connection portion with the bracket 49 as a base end. Exist. The rod tip of the cylinder 47 is connected to a slider 48 that slides back and forth along the main body frame 10. The slider 48 is connected to the vicinity of the front end portion of the screen holder 44 via the arm 46. Both ends of the arm 46 are rotatably connected to the slider 48 and the screen holder 44. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the slider 48 and the arm 46 constitute a link mechanism, and the expansion and contraction operation of the cylinder 47 is converted into the vertical movement of the screen holder 44 by the slider 48 and the arm 46. Note that the length of the screen holder 44 and the arm 46, the front and rear positions of the cylinder 47, and the like are substantially along the tangential direction of the crushing chamber 27 when the screen holder 44 is raised (the state shown in FIG. 3). Thus, the angle is set so as to rise up to a right angle with respect to the main body frame 10, and consideration is given so that the push-up force and the posture holding force of the screen holder 44 by the link mechanism can be obtained effectively.

  1 and 2, the discharge conveyor 3 discharges the crushed material discharged from the crushing device 13 to the outside of the machine. The conveyor frame 50 is provided with driving wheels and driven wheels (not shown) at both front and rear ends. A conveyor cover 51 attached to the conveyor frame 50 so as to cover the upper surface of the conveyor belt (not shown) wound between the roller and the driven wheel, and a driving device for rotating the driving wheel (hydraulic motor for the discharge conveyor) ) 52 etc. A portion on the discharge side (front side) of the discharge conveyor 3 is suspended and supported by a support member 53 that protrudes from a support portion of the power unit 4, and an end portion on the opposite side (rear side) is interposed via a support member 54. The main body frame 10 is suspended and supported. The discharge conveyor 3 extends forward from the lower side of the crushing device 13, and is inclined upward from the lower side of the power device 4 toward the front. However, a straight first conveyor that extends forward from below the crushing device 13 in the lower region of the main body frame 10 and forward from below the discharge end of the first conveyor without using the bent conveyor in this way. In some cases, the discharge conveyor may be configured with a straight second conveyor that is inclined upward.

  The power unit 4 is mounted on the other end in the longitudinal direction of the main body frame 10 via a support member 55. A driver's seat 56 is provided in a compartment on the rear side of the power unit 4 and on one side in the body width direction (lower side in FIG. 2). The driver's seat 56 is provided with an operation lever 57 for operating the crusher. Below the driver's seat 56 is provided an operation panel 58 for performing other operations, settings, monitoring, and the like. . In this example, the operation panel 58 is provided on the side of the machine body so that the operator can easily operate from the ground, but may be provided in the driver's seat 56.

  FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the anvil frame 40 extracted as described above.

  As described above, the anvil frame 40 is rotatable about the rotating shaft 31 as a fulcrum. Both ends of the rotation shaft 31 are supported by the left and right crushing device frames 20 by bearings 60. When viewed from the left-right direction of the machine body, the anvil frame 40 restrained by the shear pin 43 is composed of an anvil holding part 61 extending from the turning shaft 31 toward the crushing rotor 15 and a turning restricting part 62 extending forward. "". The rotation restricting portion 62 includes a bracket 63 at the center in the axial direction of the rotation shaft 31. The bracket 63 is bolted to the rotation restricting portion 62 so as to be detachable. A bracket 64 is detachably fastened to the beam 42 shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 by bolts so as to face the bracket 63. The through holes of the shear pins 43 penetrate the brackets 63 and 64 in the front-rear direction, and the anvil frame 40 is crushed through the shear pins 43 by passing the shear pins 43 through the brackets 63 and 64 and preventing them from coming off as appropriate. Connected to the device frame 20.

  A mounting seat 65 for the anvil 34 is provided at the distal end portion of the anvil holding portion 61 at a position facing backward in the forward rotation direction of the crushing rotor 15. The mounting seat 65 extends in the direction of the rotation axis of the crushing rotor 15 and has the same length as the drum portion 35 and the anvil 34 of the crushing rotor 15. The mounting portion 65 is provided with a convex portion 66 extending in the rotation axis direction of the crushing rotor 15.

  FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the anvil 34 extracted, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view orthogonal to the collision surface of the anvil 34.

  The anvil 34 extends in the extending direction of the rotating shaft of the crushing rotor 15, and extends in the rotating shaft direction of the crushing rotor 15 on the mounting surface 67 side with respect to the mounting seat 65, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. A recess 68 is provided. The recess 68 has a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the convex portion 66 of the mounting seat 65, and is fitted into the convex portion 66 of the mounting seat 65 so that the anvil 34 engages with the mounting seat 65.

  The anvil 34 is provided with a plurality of counterbored through holes 69 at predetermined intervals in the rotation axis direction of the crushing rotor 15, and the hexagonal bolts 73 (FIG. 7, for example) are provided through the counterbore through holes 69. For example, the anvil 34 is fixed to the mounting seat 65 by attaching it to the mounting seat 65. The shearing force applied to these bolts 73 is suppressed by the fitting structure of the convex portion 66 and the concave portion 68 described above.

  The surface of the anvil 34 facing the rear side in the forward rotation direction of the crushing rotor 15, that is, the surface opposite to the mounting surface 67 is a collision surface 39 on which crushing pieces in the crushing chamber 27 collide. As described above, the head of the bolt 73 is prevented from protruding from the collision surface 39 by passing the hexagon socket head bolt 73 through the through hole 69 with counterbore.

  As can be seen from FIGS. 8 and 9, the anvil 34 is formed such that the collision surface 39 side is longer on the crushing rotor 15 side than the mounting surface 67 side (this portion is referred to as a damper portion 71). ). That is, the damper portion 71 is a portion in the vicinity of the tip portion of the collision surface 39 on the crushing rotor 15 side, protrudes from the mounting seat 65 of the anvil 34 to the crushing rotor 15 side, and is formed thinner than other portions of the anvil 34. Has been. In the present embodiment, the damper portion 71 is formed such that the surface opposite to the collision surface 39 is inclined toward the collision surface 39 toward the crushing rotor 15 and becomes thinner toward the crushing rotor 15.

  Further, the damper portion 71 of the anvil 34 is provided with a plurality of slits 72 provided at predetermined intervals in the extending direction of the anvil 34 (the rotation axis direction of the crushing rotor 15) so as to face the crushing rotor 15. Yes. Each slit 72 extends in the radial direction of the crushing rotor 15, and divides the damper portion 71 into a plurality of pieces in the rotation axis direction of the crushing rotor 15. The damper portion 71 is intentionally reduced in strength by being divided by the slits 72, and is bent in a scene in which an excessive impact force is applied to the anvil 34 and the shear pin 43 is broken. The strength of the damper portion 71 is designed to be bent with an impact force that is about the same as or slightly smaller than the allowable shear value of the shear pin 43. In the present embodiment, the slits 72 are provided between the counterbore through holes 69, but this is not restrictive.

  Next, the operation of the crusher of the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described.

  When an object to be crushed is put into the hopper 11 by a heavy machine (such as a hydraulic excavator) equipped with an appropriate work tool such as a grapple, the object to be crushed is placed on the conveyor belt 17 of the feed conveyor 12 and is circulated and driven. It is conveyed toward the crushing device 13 by the belt 17. When the object to be crushed is conveyed to the vicinity of the pressure feeder device 14, the press roller 24 rides on the object to be crushed, and the object to be crushed is pressed against the conveying surface of the feed conveyor 12 by the weight of the pressing roller 24. In this way, the presser roller 24 introduces the material to be crushed into the crushing chamber 27 in cooperation with the feed conveyor 12 in a state where the material to be crushed is sandwiched between the pressure roller 24 and the feed conveyor 12. At that time, the object to be crushed protrudes into the crushing chamber 27 in a cantilever shape with a portion sandwiched between the pressing roller 24 and the feed conveyor 12 as a fulcrum.

  The crushing bit 36 of the crushing rotor 15 that rotates at high speed collides with the object to be crushed protruding into the crushing chamber 27 from below, whereby the object to be crushed is roughly crushed. The fragments to be crushed and thus sputtered into the crushing chamber 27 collide with the anvil 34 and are further crushed by the impact force. The crushed pieces continue to circulate in the crushing chamber 27 as the crushing rotor 15 rotates, and collide with the crushing bit 36, the anvil 34, the inner wall surface of the crushing chamber 27 such as the screen 38, shearing action, and crushing action. Etc. and is crushed. Then, the crushed pieces that have been pulverized to pass through the discharge holes of the screen 38 sequentially pass through the screen 38 and are discharged from the crushing chamber 27. The crushed material discharged from the crushing chamber 27 falls on the discharge conveyor 3, is transported by the discharge conveyor 3, and is discharged outside the machine.

  Here, as shown in the right diagram of FIG. 6 above, when the foreign matter A such as a metal lump is mixed between the bit 36 and the anvil 34 and mixed with the object to be crushed, the rotational moment of the crushing rotor 15 is increased. As a result of being instantaneously transmitted to the anvil 34, a larger impact force acts on the anvil 34 than when a normal object to be crushed is being crushed.

  During the crushing operation, the impact force acting on the anvil 34 is transmitted to the shear pin 43 via the anvil frame 40. When the excessive impact force due to the biting of the foreign matter A exceeds the allowable shear stress of the shear pin 43, the shear pin 43 Breaks and the restraint of the anvil frame 43 is released.

  At this time, in the present embodiment, the damper part 71 is provided in the anvil 34 that bends preferentially when an excessive impact force exceeding the assumption is generated. Further, the hitting portion 36e is also easily bent on the crushing bit 36 side in preference to other portions. Therefore, when an excessive impact force that breaks the shear pin 43 is generated between the crushing bit 36 and the anvil 34, the striking portion 36e of the crushing bit 36 and the damper portion 71 of the anvil 34 are bent. Due to the deformation of the crushing bit 36 and the anvil 34, when the foreign matter A is bitten, the time required for the impact force to be transmitted from the crushing rotor 15 to the anvil 34 is ensured to dissipate energy and suppress the impact force per hour. Can do. Thereby, the impact force which acts on the main structures of the crushing device 13 such as the crushing rotor 15 and the anvil frame 40 can be reduced, and damage to these main structures can be suppressed.

  At the same time, when the anvil 34 is deformed, the moment of inertia of the rotating body including the anvil 34 and the anvil frame 40 is reduced. As a result, it is possible to expect an improvement in the rotational speed of the anvil frame 40 when the shear pin 43 is broken, a reduction in time required for opening the crushing chamber 27, and an improvement in the dischargeability of the foreign matter A from the crushing chamber 27.

  In the present embodiment, the crushing bit 36 is deformed with an impact force such that the shear pin 43 is broken together with the anvil 34, but only the anvil 34 is deformed with an impact force such that the shear pin 43 is broken. Also good. Moreover, although the slit 72 was provided in the damper part 71 of the anvil 34, when the yield conditions of the damper part 71 can be adjusted with a material and thickness, you may abbreviate | omit the slit 72. The design of the structure of the anvil 34 can be changed as appropriate.

  FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the anvil 34A provided in the crusher according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view orthogonal to the collision surface of the anvil 34A. In these drawings, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIGS.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is the cross-sectional shape of the anvil 34A. As shown in FIG. 11, the cross-sectional shape of the anvil 34 </ b> A is based on a rectangular shape having the collision surface 39 and the attachment surface 67 as long sides, and is provided with recesses 68 and 75 on the attachment surface 67 side. The recessed portion 68 is a fitting portion with the mounting seat 65 on the anvil frame 40 side as in the first embodiment. The concave portion 75 is closer to the crushing rotor 15 than the concave portion 68 and the mounting seat 35a, and a portion on the crushing rotor 15 side from the concave portion 75 constitutes the damper portion 71A in the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, the recess 75 has a cross-sectional shape without corners, but even if it has corners, there is no functional problem, and the shape is not particularly limited. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  Also in this embodiment, when the foreign object A bites between the anvil 34A and the crushing bit 36, the damper portion 71A bends, so the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained.

  FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing one part 43b of the anvil 34B provided in the crusher according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the anvil frame 40 to which the anvil 34B is attached. In these drawings, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIGS.

  As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, this embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the configuration of the anvil 34 </ b> B. 12 and 13, the anvil 34B is divided into a plurality of parts in the extending direction of the rotation axis of the crushing rotor 15 (the individual components of the divided anvil 34B are referred to as parts 34b). In other words, the anvil 34B is configured as a whole by arranging a plurality of parts 34b in the extending direction of the rotation axis of the crushing rotor 15 and attaching the parts 34b to the attachment seat 35a. In the present embodiment, the anvil 34B is divided just in the middle between two adjacent counterbore through holes 69, and the parts 34b have the same shape. Accordingly, each part 34b is fixed to the mounting seat 35a by one hexagon socket head bolt 73.

  In addition, although the cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the collision surface 39 of the part 34b is the same as that of 1st Embodiment, there should just be a damper part which bends in preference to another part, for example, as cross-sectional shape similar to 2nd Embodiment Also good. Moreover, there is no special limitation in the division | segmentation number of the anvil 34B, Moreover, it is good also as a structure which provides the some through-hole 69 with counterbore in one part 34b, and fixes with a some volt | bolt. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  In the first and second embodiments, the damper parts 71 and 71A are divided by the slit 72. However, in this embodiment, the damper part 71 is divided by dividing the anvil 34B itself. Even in this case, the same effects as those of the first and second embodiments can be obtained. Further, in the case of the present embodiment, when the foreign object A is caught, only the part 34b that has been deformed and needs to be replaced can be replaced, so that the anvil replacement is easy and the cost required for the anvil replacement is also reduced. be able to.

  In each of the above embodiments, the case where the anvil frame 40 is integrated has been described as an example. However, for example, the anvil frame 40 is divided into two or more in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 31, and the divided anvil frame is divided. It can also be set as the structure which can be rotated individually. In this case, even if any form of the first to third embodiments is adopted, the anvil is divided into the number of divisions of the anvil frame 40 or more, and each anvil frame is connected to the crushing device frame 20 with the shear pin 43. The Even in this configuration, since the damper portion of the anvil is deformed when the foreign object A is caught, the same effect as in the first to third embodiments can be obtained, and the rotational moment per divided anvil frame is greatly reduced. The rotational speed of the anvil frame in which the foreign matter A is caught can be improved.

  Further, as an example, a case where the shear pin 43 is used as an anvil frame rotation permitting means for allowing the anvil frame 40 to rotate and opening the crushing chamber 27 when an impact force exceeding an allowable value is applied to the anvil is taken as an example. As described above, when the anvil frame 40 is elastically engaged with the stationary body including the crushing device frame 20 and an excessive impact force acts on the anvil, the anvil frame is disengaged. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which 40 constraints are released. This configuration is detailed in, for example, International Application No. PCT / JP2009 / 55862.

  Further, in each of the above embodiments, the case where the present invention is applied to a crusher capable of traveling on its own has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a mobile crusher that can be towed and traveled, for example, a crane The present invention can also be applied to a portable crusher that can be lifted and transported by, for example, a stationary crusher arranged as a fixed machine in a plant or the like. Moreover, although the case where this invention was applied to the crushing machine which supplies a to-be-crushed object from a horizontal direction with respect to the crushing rotor rotated with a horizontal axis | shaft was mentioned as an example, crushing by providing a hopper on a crushing apparatus The present invention can also be applied to a type of crusher that supplies an object to be crushed from above to a rotor. In these cases, similar effects can be obtained.

15 crushing rotor 20 crushing device frame 27 crushing chambers 34, 34A, B anvil 34b parts 35 drum part 36 crushing bit 36e striking part 40 anvil frame 43 shear pin (anvil frame rotation permissible means)
72 slits

Claims (5)

A crushing device frame, a crushing rotor having a drum portion rotatably provided with respect to the crushing device frame, a crushing bit provided on an outer peripheral portion of the drum portion, a crushing chamber for housing the crushing rotor, and the crushing rotor In a crusher provided with an anvil provided in the crushing chamber so as to face the rotation trajectory of
An anvil frame that holds the anvil and is provided rotatably with respect to the crushing device frame;
An anvil frame rotation permission means for allowing the anvil frame to rotate so as to retract the anvil from the crushing rotor and opening the crushing chamber when an impact force exceeding an allowable value is applied to the anvil; Have
The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the anvil is configured to be bent with an impact force equal to or smaller than a permissible value of the anvil frame rotation permitting means.   2. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the anvil includes a plurality of slits at predetermined intervals in an extending direction of a rotation shaft of the crushing rotor at a portion facing the crushing rotor.   The said anvil is divided | segmented into plurality in the extending | stretching direction of the rotating shaft of the said crushing rotor, The crusher of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The said crushing bit is comprised so that it may be bent with the impact force comparable as the allowable value of the said anvil frame rotation permissible means, or smaller than it, It is any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. Crusher.   The crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the anvil frame rotation permission means is a shear pin that connects the anvil frame to the crushing device frame.

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