JP2610660B2 - Culture medium for mushroom cultivation - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a culture medium for cultivating mushrooms. More specifically, the present invention relates to a culture medium for cultivating mushrooms, which is capable of cultivating high-quality mushrooms having high preservability and uniform size in a high yield.

[Prior art] Enokidake using a culture medium in which nutrients such as rice bran, bran, and wheat germ are mixed as base materials such as sawdust and firgrass,
In recent years, artificial cultivation of edible mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms and nameko has been widely performed. In that case, the rice bran, bran, wheat germ, etc., which are the nutrients, are usually used raw. By the way, such a raw nutrient source is liable to be deteriorated, and particularly in the case of rice bran, the deterioration is remarkable, and the storage period is less than one month. The use of outdated or altered nutrients greatly inhibits mushroom mycelium cultivation and fruiting body growth, and reduces the quality and yield of mushrooms. The use of nutrients that have not been used is required. However, it is very difficult to always secure the required amount of nutrients such as fresh humas, rice bran, wheat germ and the like in a stable state. There has been a need for a culture medium for growing mushrooms.

In addition, since nutrients such as rice bran, bran, and wheat germ are usually used in powder form, various health and handling problems due to dust have occurred at the time of use, and improvements in this respect have also been demanded. .

[Details of the Invention] The present inventors have long studied on a culture medium for cultivating mushrooms that can be stably stored without deterioration in quality for a long period of time, can cultivate high-quality mushrooms in a high yield, and is easy to handle. .

As a result, granules obtained by granulating a nutrient source such as bran or rice bran or wheat germ used in the culture medium for mushroom cultivation or a mixture of the nutrient source and the culture medium base material to a specific hardness and particle size under heating, The granules obtained by coarsely pulverizing the granules to a specific particle size (hereinafter, referred to as “granules” including both the granulated granules and the coarsely pulverized products) can be stored stably without deterioration in quality for a long period of time. In addition, the present invention has been found that when it is used for a mushroom culture medium, even after long-term storage, high-quality mushrooms having a uniform size can be obtained in a high yield compared to those that have not been heat-treated and granulated. Was completed.

That is, the present invention has a hardness formed from a nutrient source for mushroom cultivation or a nutrient source for mushroom cultivation and a substrate for a culture medium of 3.
0 kg / cm ² or less of the heat-treated granules, wherein the proportion of the granules remaining on the 5-mesh sieve based on the total weight of the granules is 5% or less, and the granules pass through the 24-mesh sieve Is a culture medium for cultivating mushrooms, characterized by containing a granular material having a ratio of 30% or less.

The hardness in the present invention refers to an average value when 100 grains are measured by a Kiya hardness meter (manufactured by Kiya Seisakusho), and in the present invention, the granular material has a hardness of 3.0 kg / cm ² or less, preferably 1.5 to 1.5 kg / cm ² .
It is necessary to have a hardness of 2.5 kg / cm ² . If the hardness of the granular material is higher than 3.0 kg / cm ² , it will not be sufficiently absorbed and swollen even if water is added during the preparation of the culture medium, and the adhesion of mushrooms will be poor. If the hardness of the granules is too low (usually 1.0k
g / cm ² ), which is undesirable because it disintegrates and pulverizes during handling.

Further, the particle size of the granular material in the present invention refers to a test shifter (manufactured by Tokyo Flour Mill Co., Ltd.) equipped with a stainless steel sieve (manufactured by Tokyo Screen Co., Ltd.).
It refers to the particle size as measured by sieving for 30 seconds.

In the present invention, based on the total weight of the granules, the proportion of coarse granules remaining on the 5 mesh screen is 5% or less, and the proportion of fine granules passing through the 24 mesh screen is 30% or less. It is necessary. If the ratio of the particulate matter remaining on the 5-mesh sieve is more than 5%, the particle size is too coarse, and the adhesion of mushroom fungus becomes worse, and if the ratio of the granular material passing through the 24-mesh sieve is more than 30%, the particle size is too fine. When used as a culture medium, the packing becomes too dense and the air permeability is inferior, which hinders the growth of mushroom mycelia and the growth of fruiting bodies. And among such particle sizes, in particular, the ratio of the particulate matter remaining on the 5-mesh sieve is 5% or less, and the ratio of the particulate matter passing through the 5-mesh sieve and remaining on the 14-mesh sieve is 40% or more, preferably 45 to 100%, the proportion of the particulate matter passing through the 14 mesh screen and remaining on the 24 mesh screen is 30% or less, and the proportion of the particulate matter passing through the 24 mesh screen is 30% or less. % Or less, when the medium is used as a culture medium, it is adequately filled and has good air permeability and good adhesion of mushroom fungi. As a result, the growth of fungi around the mushroom mycelium and fruiting bodies are improved, and high quality mushrooms are obtained. Can be obtained in yield.

Incidentally, the relation between the mesh of the stainless steel sieve and the mesh size is as follows. Mesh opening of sieve (mm) 5 4.0 9 2.0 14 1.19 24 0.71 60 0.25 Further, the granular material in the present invention needs to be heat-treated at a temperature of 60 ° C. or more. If the heat treatment temperature is lower than 60 ° C, nutrients and enzymes (especially lipases) and microorganisms contained in the base material will not be inactivated and will deteriorate during storage, resulting in mushroom mycelium generation and fruiting body growth. Be inhibited. Further, if the heat treatment temperature is extremely high, the material becomes too pregelatinized at the time of granulation, and becomes sticky and tends to bind when used in a culture medium, resulting in poor physical properties. This is not desirable and is not advantageous in terms of thermal efficiency. Therefore, the heat treatment temperature is quality 60 ℃ ~ 10
0 ° C is desirable, and particularly preferably 65 to 90 ° C.

In addition, long-term storage is possible if the moisture content of the granules in the present invention is set to about 14% or less based on the weight of the granules.

In the present invention, as a nutrient source for forming granules, any one known as a nutrient source for mushroom cultivation can be used, and specifically, bran, rice bran, wheat germ, corn powder, corn Germ, corn meal, soybean powder, soybean meal, millet powder (milo, corn, etc.,
One or two or more kinds of powders such as leeks, millet, acne, etc.) can be used.

When the granules are formed from a nutrient source and a base material, it is preferable to use a base material having a particle size equivalent to or smaller than the nutrient source, for example, about 9 mesh through to 60 mesh over. Desirable because it easily forms granules with the source. Substrates having such a particle size include sawdust, bagasse, beet meal, starch meal, okara, and the like. However, even a substrate having a generally large particle size, such as rice husk or pulp waste, can be used as a substrate if the particle size is reduced by grinding.

When the granules are formed from a nutrient source and a substrate, it is desirable to use the nutrient source and the substrate in a weight ratio of about 1: 1 to 1: 8 in terms of granulation properties and performance as a mushroom culture medium.

Granules in the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned nutrient sources and base materials, can include components that are usually used in mushroom cultivation culture media, if necessary.For example, such components include calcium carbonate, Eggshell powder, shell powder and the like can be mentioned.

When the granules consist only of nutrient sources, the culture medium for mushroom cultivation is formed by mixing the granulated nutrient sources with the substrate, in which case the particle size of the substrate is not particularly limited. In this case, the culture medium for mushroom cultivation is usually
It is prepared by mixing the nutrient granules and the substrate in a weight ratio of about 1: 1 to 1: 8.

In the present invention, the granular material used for the culture medium may be produced by any method and apparatus as long as it is as described above, and the production method and type of the apparatus are not limited.

However, usually, the granules are heated at a product temperature of 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 60 to 90 ° C. under water by adding a nutrient source alone or mixing other components as necessary with the nutrient source and the base material. Granulated and manufactured. The amount of water added at that time is preferably about 5 to 20% on the basis of the weight of the material to be granulated, from the viewpoints of granulation properties and hardness of the produced granules. Also, 100 ~ 130 ℃
When the granulation is performed while blowing the saturated steam, water and heating can be performed simultaneously. Then, as described above, the enzymes that cause deterioration during storage due to the heating during the granulation and microorganisms such as bacteria can be inactivated. For granulation, the granules to be produced have a diameter (width) of about 1.0 mm to 4.0 mm and a length of about 1.0 mm.
It is carried out so that the thickness is from mm to 15 mm, preferably from about 1.5 to 4 mm, and the hardness is 3.0 kg / cm ² or less. When the granules having such dimensions are sieved in the same manner as described above, the ratio of the granules remaining on the 5-mesh sieve is 5% or less, and the ratio of the granules passing through the 24-mesh sieve is 30%. It is as follows.

Such granulation can be performed, for example, by extruding a rod having a diameter of 1 to 4 mm using a pellet mill, and cutting the rod into a length of 1 to 10 mm.

The granulated granules are usually dried so that they can be stored for a long period of time, so that the final moisture content is 14% or less.

Further, in the present invention, not only the granular material as granulated as described above, but also a coarsely pulverized product can be effectively used. In this case, the degree of pulverization must be such that the particle size of the obtained pulverized product falls within the range of the present invention described above.

The culture medium of the present invention can be used for the cultivation of medicinal mushrooms such as white mushrooms (trade name: Hon-shimeji), oyster mushrooms (trade name: Shimeji mushroom), enoki mushroom, nameko, shiitake, maitake, jellyfish, bunashimeji, etc. .

When cultivating mushrooms using the culture medium of the present invention, after adding water to the culture medium of the present invention to adjust the water content of the culture medium to usually about 50 to 70% by weight, heat sterilizing and cooling if necessary, The fungus is inoculated and the mushrooms are cultured according to the culture, growth steps and conditions usually employed.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.

Examples 1 to 3 (Examples of production of granular material) Example 1: 30 kg of rice bran (water content: 12.3% by weight) per minute in a pellet mill (10 hp, manufactured by Ueda Iron Works Co., Ltd.)
Supply 3.7 kg of saturated steam at a temperature of 130 ° C. at a rate of 0.27 kg per minute (water content of rice bran 7.3% by weight), and keep the product temperature at 65-85 ° C. It was extruded from a 4.5 mm extruder die and cut into 8 mm to produce pellets. This was immediately dried using hot air at 95 ° C. to a water content of 8.7% by weight.

Example 1: A pellet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the extrusion opening diameter of the extruder was changed to 2.5 mm.

Example 1: The pellets produced in Example 1 above were supplied to a palio roller mill (manufactured by Bühler Miag, West Germany), and coarsely pulverized granules were produced using brake rolls.

Example 1: The coarsely pulverized granules obtained in the above Example 1 were further passed through a brake roll once again to produce finely pulverized granules.

Example 2: Pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that raw materials containing corn cob, bran and rice bran in a weight ratio of 8: 2: 1 instead of rice bran were used.

Example 2-: Pellets produced in Example 2-
Then, the mixture was pulverized in the same manner as in-to produce coarsely pulverized granules.

Example 2-: Pellets produced in Example 2-
Then, the mixture was pulverized in the same manner as in-to produce finely pulverized granules.

Example 3--Using a raw material containing rice bran, bran and wheat germ in a weight ratio of 8: 8: 1 instead of rice bran
After producing pellets in the same manner as in Example 1, this was pulverized in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce coarsely pulverized granules.

The particle size distribution, hardness and moisture content of the granules produced in each of the above examples are shown in Table 1 below together with the particle size distribution and moisture content of untreated rice bran, bran, corn cob and wheat germ.

In addition, heat-treated granules (pellets) of wheat bran and heat-treated granules (pellets) of wheat germ were produced by using bran or wheat germ instead of rice bran in Example 1 (Examples 4 and 5).

The time-dependent changes in the acid value of the rice bran pellets of Example 1, the bran pellets of Example 4 and the wheat germ pellets of Example 5, and the time-dependent changes of the acid values of the untreated rice bran, bran and wheat germ were measured to determine the respective storability. Was examined. The results are shown in the attached drawings.

In the drawing, Ia is rice bran granules, Ib is untreated rice bran, II-a is bran granules, II-b is untreated bran,
III-a represents the time course of the acid value of the wheat germ granules and the untreated wheat germ of III-b. Here, the acid value was measured as follows.

(Measurement of acid value)

Ethanol (500 ml) / ethyl ether (500 ml) / phenol phthalein (0.20 g) was extracted with respect to 1.0 g of a fat and oil obtained by subjecting each sample to extraction with ethyl ether in a conventional manner.
Add 50 ml of the mixture consisting of g). This solution is titrated with a 0.0178N potassium hydroxide / ethyl alcohol solution, the amount of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the solution is measured, and the potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 1 g of the sample fat and oil is measured. Quantity (m
g) was used as the acid value.

From the results shown in the drawing, the nutrient of the present invention obtained by heat granulating rice bran, bran or wheat germ, which is a nutrient for a culture medium for mushroom cultivation, is stored for a long time compared to an untreated nutrient that is raw. It can also be seen that the acid value was low and the storage stability was greatly improved.

Example 6 (cultivation example of hon-shimeji mushroom) 300 g of sawdust (water content 63% by weight) and untreated rice bran 10
0 g, and add 135 ml of water to this to give a water content of 63% by weight.
The culture medium adjusted to the above was filled into a polypropylene bottle having a capacity of 850 cc, and sterilized by high pressure at 120 ° C. for 45 minutes. 18 g of hon-shimeji mushroom was inoculated into this, and cultured and aged at 23 to 25 ° C. for 75 days, followed by scraping. Then room temperature 15 ℃, humidity 95-100%
The shimeji mushroom was grown in the cultivation room of No. 22 and the shimeji mushroom was harvested 22 days later (Example 6-i).

Instead of untreated rice bran in Example 6-i above,
The shimeji mushrooms were cultivated in the same manner as in Example 6-i except that each of the rice bran granules of Examples 1 to 1 shown in Example 1 was used (Examples 6-ii to 6-v).

In addition, rice bran is not granulated at 100 ° C in a steamer.
After steaming for seconds, it was dried with hot air at 95 ° C. to a water content of 10% by weight. This was used to cultivate the present shimeji mushroom in the same manner as in Example 6-i (Example 6-vi).

 Table 2 shows the results obtained for each.

From the results of Table 2 above, cultivation of the present shimeji using the culture medium of the present invention containing the rice bran granules having the specific particle size and hardness described above, compared to the case of using a nutrient source other than the present invention It can be seen that the yield of mushrooms is greatly increased and good quality mushrooms having the same size are obtained.

Example 7 (cultivation example of shiitake mushroom) 320 g of corn cob, 80 g of bran and 40 g of rice bran were mixed,
To this, 760 ml of water was added, and 1200 g of a culture medium adjusted to a water content of 65% by weight was packed in a bag, and pasteurized at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes. After cooling, 25 g of Shiitake mushrooms were inoculated, cultured and aged at 23 to 25 ° C for 80 days, then generated in a cultivation room at room temperature of 15 ° C and humidity of 95 to 100%. Harvesting was performed (Example 7-i).

Instead of 440 g of the untreated culture medium in Example 7-i, 450 g of each of the granular culture mediums of Examples 2 to 2 shown in Table 1 was used, and 750 ml of water was added to adjust the water content to 65% by weight. Shiitake mushrooms were cultivated in the same manner as in Example 7-i, except for using the obtained ones (Example 7-ii to Example 7-vi).

 Table 3 shows the obtained results.

From the results in Table-3, when the culture medium of the present invention is used, the yield of shiitake mushrooms is greatly increased as compared with the case where a culture medium other than the present invention is used. You can see that

Example 8 (cultivation example of oyster mushroom) 250 g of sawdust and 40 g of rice bran, 40 g of bran and 5 g of wheat germ
(85 g of nutrient source), 135 ml of water was added thereto, and 470 g of a culture medium adjusted to a water content of 65% by weight was packed into a 800 cc bottle.
Autoclaved at 20 ° C. for 45 minutes. After cooling, 15 g of Oyster mushroom was inoculated, cultured at room temperature for 20 days at 27 ° C., and scraped.
Occurred at 95-100% in humidity and 100% after 15 days.
g was harvested (Example 8-i).

Instead of 85 g of untreated nutrient in Example 8-i above,
Example 8 except that it was left at 30 ° C for one month
Oyster mushrooms were cultivated in the same manner as in -i (Example 8-ii).

Instead of using 85 g of the untreated nutrient in Example 8-i above, the granular nutrient of Example 3 in Table 1 was left at 5 ° C. for one month except that a culture medium in which 85 g was mixed with 250 g of sawdust was used. Cultivated oyster mushrooms in the same manner as in Example 8-i (Example 8-iii).

Oyster mushrooms were cultivated in the same manner as in Example 8-ii except that the granular nutrient source of Example 3 in Table 1 was left at 30 ° C. for one month, except that 85 g was used (Example 8-vi).

 The results obtained are shown in Table 4 below.

From the results in Table 4, it can be seen that, when oyster mushrooms are cultivated using the culture medium of the present invention, the yield of mushrooms is greatly increased, and good quality mushrooms having the same mushroom size can be obtained. Furthermore, the results in Table 4 show that the culture medium of the present invention using the heat-treated granular nutrients does not deteriorate in quality even after long-term storage, and can obtain mushrooms in a high yield. Untreated nutrients show a significant loss of quality over long periods of storage, indicating a significant decrease in this yield when using media containing them.

[Effects of the Invention] The culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention is compared with the case where a nutrient source or a mixture of a nutrient source and a base material that has been heat-treated but has a particle size and / or hardness other than the present invention is used.
Alternatively, compared to the case of using a raw nutrient that has not been heat-treated or a culture medium containing a nutrient source and a substrate, the quality of the nutrient source and the culture medium can be stably stored without deterioration over a long period of time.

Moreover, the use of the culture medium of the present invention, even immediately after production or even after long-term storage, can provide high-quality mushrooms of the same size as those obtained using other culture medium. Can be obtained in yield.

Furthermore, in the present invention, since the nutrient source or the nutrient source and the base material are used as heat-treated granules, unlike the conventional technology using a fine powdery nutrient source or base material, health due to dust is reduced. The above problems do not occur, and handling is extremely easy.

[Brief description of the drawings]

The figure shows the time course of the acid value of the heat-treated granular nutrient and the untreated nutrient used in the culture medium of the present invention.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A heat-treated granule having a hardness of 3.0 kg / cm ² or less formed from a nutrient source for mushroom cultivation or a nutrient source for mushroom cultivation and a substrate for a culture medium, and based on the total weight of the granule. A culture medium for mushroom cultivation, characterized in that the percentage of the particulate matter remaining on the 5-mesh sieve is not more than 5% and the percentage of the particulate matter passing through the 24-mesh sieve is not more than 30%. .