CN109042073A - A kind of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042073A CN109042073A CN201810754300.7A CN201810754300A CN109042073A CN 109042073 A CN109042073 A CN 109042073A CN 201810754300 A CN201810754300 A CN 201810754300A CN 109042073 A CN109042073 A CN 109042073A
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- edible mushroom
- biomass particle
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle and preparation method thereof, and biological particles comprise the following components in parts by weight: 85-99 parts of bio-matrix;1-5 parts of coagulator;0.5-2 parts of disintegrating agent.Edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle provided by the invention, coagulator, which is added, in product formula can be improved grain forming rate and pellet hardness as adhesive effect, while can reduce the density of temperature and particle during the preparation process again;The addition of disintegrating agent not only makes the addition of coagulator unaffected, moreover it is possible to particle be made to be soaked rapidly in application.Edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle provided by the invention has saved transportation cost, greatly facilitates transport;And after shipping, it can be soaked in the short time, disperse solid biomass particles obtained again and the material as edible fungus culture medium, be that a large amount of time and cost, with important application prospects and market value have been saved in the production of enterprise.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of biological particles, and in particular to a kind of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle and its system
Preparation Method.
Background technique
Currently, raw material used in the cultivation of the rotten class edible mushroom of China's wood is mainly cotton seed hulls, increasingly deficient with protection
The forest reserves.Cotton seed hulls is relatively high as crude protein content in the carbon source material of edible mushroom, and physical structure is good, and density is suitable
In, good water-retaining property is that the Wastes of Crops institute of other substitutions at present is incomparable;Although the crude protein of some raw materials such as Juncao
Also higher, but density is too small, excessively fluffy, in the case where same volume cultivates bacterium bag, the amount of the dry matter accommodated subtracts
It is few, to cause to underproduce per single bacterium bag.These advantages as possessed by cotton seed hulls, so that cotton seed hulls price is walked year by year
Height, and price fluctuation is larger, ought especially encounter the cotton underproduction time.In addition, cotton seed hulls agriculture it is residual it is exceeded be undeniable
The fact, and cotton seed hulls also contains a kind of substance of gossypol, and the mushroom produced is made to lack flavor, and the export trade is restricted,
Japan, South Korea prohibite using cottonseed shell cultivation edible mushroom.
Therefore, the alternative materials for finding a kind of environmentally protective substitution cotton seed hulls, are the continuous pursuits of edible mushroom industry personage.
It is furtherd investigate by scientific research institution using palm byproduct come culturing edible fungus training, is proved to be a kind of and conscientiously may be used
Method that is capable and being easy popularization, such as invention (are authorized public using culture materials of edible fungi of palm byproduct production and preparation method thereof
Announcement CN103910583B), the palm byproduct of invention meaning is mainly oil palm.Oil palm seed extracts oil later palm kernel meal and oil
Tree stem, the leaf of palm all can serve as the raw material of edible fungus culturing.The important indicator of edible fungus culturing matrix nutrition ingredient is thick
Albumen, crude fibre (containing lignin) and some soluble nutrients.For this index of crude protein, contain through detection palm silk
4%-5%, it is similar with cotton seed hulls;And the crude protein of palm kernel meal is higher than wheat bran;The crude fibre of palm silk is higher than cotton seed hulls, while wood
Lignin content is higher;The crude protein content of palm wood doubles than sawdust.
Palm silk biological particles currently on the market are entirely to be used for fuel, and raw material is to remove fruit using palm fruit string
Then handle is sieved using rolling, sift out the longer crin come and be used as the raw material of palm squeeze, and is left thinner short
Silk is with regard to the raw material as palm silk particle.The carbonization as caused by temperature is higher when squeezing of this particulate material makes partial organic substances
It is changed into inorganic matter, part nutriment is caused to be lost, it is thick through detection fuel palm silk particle and undressed preceding palm silk
Protein loss, is unfavorable for culturing edible fungus, and fuel palm silk particle is to be difficult to be soaked to scatter there is also a serious problem.
And it to be used as culture materials of edible fungi without the palm silk etc. of processing, simple primary form object, and there is transport, health etc.
Problem does not meet national requirements.
In addition it is also possible to using palm wood or palm kernel meal or durian shell as edible fungus culturing raw material, however with palm thread
Equally, the problems such as raw material is unfavorable for transport is equally existed.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that the edible fungus culture medium material mentioned in background above technology is difficult to transport, the present invention is mentioned
For a kind of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle, comprise the following components in parts by weight:
85-99 parts of bio-matrix
1-5 parts of coagulator
0.5-2 parts of disintegrating agent.
Further, the bio-matrix includes at least one of palm silk, palm wood, palm kernel meal or durian shell.
Further, the coagulator is gypsum.
Further, the disintegrating agent is crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Further, the diameter of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle is 5-11mm, length 20-70mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle, including following preparation step:
Step a, palm silk, palm wood and at least one of durian shell is selected to be used as bio-matrix, and to palm silk or
Palm wood and durian shell carry out pulverization process, form M1;
Step b, M1 is dried, moisture content control forms M2 in 10%-15%;
Step c, M2 is mixed with coagulator and disintegrating agent, forms M3;
It step d, is edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle after cooling using granulator to M3 granulating and forming.
Further, in step d, when granulator carries out granulating and forming, edible mushroom dedicated is obtained using high temperature extrusion
Grain;Wherein, the parameter of prilling setting are as follows: 100 DEG C -120 DEG C of temperature, grain density 600kg/m3-620kg/m3。
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of another edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle, including following preparation step:
Step a, select palm kernel meal as bio-matrix, moisture content is controlled in 10%-15%, by palm kernel meal and coagulator
M4 is mixed to form with disintegrating agent;
It step b, is edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle after cooling using granulator to M4 granulating and forming.
Further, in step b, when granulator carries out granulating and forming, edible mushroom dedicated is obtained using high temperature extrusion
Grain;Wherein, the parameter of prilling setting are as follows: 100 DEG C -120 DEG C of temperature, grain density 600kg/m3-620kg/m3。
The present invention provides a kind of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle of super quality and competitive price for market, is added in product formula
Coagulator can be improved grain forming rate and pellet hardness, be readily transported as adhesive, while again can be in preparation process
The middle density for reducing temperature and particle.And it reduces temperature and avoids particle by high temperature extrusion generation carbonization phenomenon;Reduce density
Purpose be that particle is made to be easier to be soaked when in use, the density ratio fuel particle of particle of the present invention reduces 20%-30%.It collapses
The effect of solution agent addition not only makes the addition of coagulator in formula unaffected, moreover it is possible to particle be enable to steep rapidly in application
Hair is used suitable for needle mushroom, agrocybe, elegant precious mushroom and the culture of various other edible mushrooms, with important application prospects
And market value.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In technical solution be clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, without
It is whole embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not before making creative work
Every other embodiment obtained is put, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention also provides following embodiments:
Embodiment 1
Step a, pulverization process is carried out to 98.5 parts of palm silks, forms the state of 3cm-5cm or so, as M1;
Step b, M1 is dried, moisture content control forms M2 in 12-15%;
Step c, M2 is mixed with 1 part of gypsum and 0.5 part of crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, forms M3;
Step d, it using granulator to M3 granulating and forming, specifically, is conveyed into granulator by conveyer, high temperature extrusion
Obtain that edible mushroom is grains dedicated, the parameter of prilling setting is: 110 DEG C of temperature, grain density is set as 600kg/M3,
Grain diameter is set as 7-10mm, and length is set as 30-50mm;
Edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle is obtained after cooling.
Embodiment 2
Step a, pulverization process is carried out to 97.2 parts of palm wood, forms the state of 1cm-3cm, as M1;
Step b, M1 is dried, moisture content control forms M2 in 12-15%;
Step c, M2 is mixed with 2 parts of gypsum and 0.8 part of crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, forms M3;
Step d, it using granulator to M3 granulating and forming, specifically, is conveyed into granulator by conveyer, high temperature extrusion
Obtain that edible mushroom is grains dedicated, the parameter of prilling setting is: 100 DEG C of temperature, grain density is set as 610kg/M3,
Grain diameter is set as 6-8mm, and length is set as 20-40mm;
Edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle is obtained after cooling.
Embodiment 3
Step a, pulverization process is carried out to 96.2 parts of durian shells, forms the state of 1cm-3cm, as M1;
Step b, M1 is dried, moisture content control forms M2 in 12-15%;
Step c, M2 is mixed with 3 parts of gypsum and 1 part of crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, forms M3;
Step d, it using granulator to M3 granulating and forming, specifically, is conveyed into granulator by conveyer, high temperature extrusion
Obtain that edible mushroom is grains dedicated, the parameter of prilling setting is: 110 DEG C of temperature, grain density is set as 610kg/M3,
Grain diameter is set as 7-11mm, and length is set as 30-70mm;
Edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle is obtained after cooling.
Embodiment 4
Step a, 96.2 parts of palm kernel meals are taken, moisture content is controlled in 12-15%;
Step c, the palm kernel meal in step a is mixed with 3 parts of gypsum and 0.8 part of crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, forms M4;
Step d, it using granulator to M4 granulating and forming, specifically, is conveyed into granulator by conveyer, high temperature extrusion
Obtaining that edible mushroom is grains dedicated, the parameter of prilling setting is: 120 DEG C of temperature, grain density is set as 620kg/M3,
Grain diameter is set as 3mm-5mm, and length is set as 20mm-30mm;
Edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle is obtained after cooling.
Embodiment 5
Step a, pulverization process is carried out to 85 parts of palm silks, forms the state of 2cm-4cm, as M1;
Step b, M1 is dried, moisture content control forms M2 12%;
Step c, M2 is mixed with 11 parts of palm kernel meals and 3 parts of gypsum and 1 part of crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, forms M3;
Step d, it using granulator to M3 granulating and forming, specifically, is conveyed into granulator by conveyer, high temperature extrusion
Obtain that edible mushroom is grains dedicated, the parameter of prilling setting is: 120 DEG C of temperature, grain density is set as 600kg/M3,
Grain diameter is set as 5-8mm, and length is set as 30-50mm;
Edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle is obtained after cooling.
Specifically, as long as edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle by formula required for culture medium in use, after being mixed in proportion
Moisture is added and stirs, the ratio of general edible fungus living being matter particle and water is 1:1-1:1.2.And existing fuel palm
For silk biological particles after adding water and stirring according to the above method, it is still graininess that particle can not scatter for a long time.
Specifically, by the dedicated biomass particle of preparation of the embodiment of the present invention and with existing fuel palm silk biomass
Grain as a comparison case 1, to improve the biomass for being not added with gypsum and cross-linking polyethylene pyrrolidone after technique cooling drop density
Particle is as a comparison case 2 (temperature setting and density setting and remaining condition and embodiment 1 are consistent).Take 10 grams of various biologies
Matter particle, respectively plus water 100ml, being soaked is room temperature with coolant-temperature gage, is not all stirred, other conditions are consistent, as a result
It is as shown in the table:
Table 1
In Edible Fungi, raw material needs to be stirred after adding water, if matrix is not scattered, will lead to production cost increasing
Add, that is, needs to spend more times and human and material resources, financial resources;Illustrate the dispersion of the product of preparation of the embodiment of the present invention by table 1
Effect is very it will be evident that the 1min that is soaked can reach fully decentralized state;And the soaked base of fuel particle that comparative example 1 provides
This is dissipated not open;In comparative example 2, the biological particles of cross-linking polyethylene pyrrolidone, dispersion effect in water are not added
It is nothing like product prepared by the embodiment of the present invention.The result of 30min is tested in table 1 as shown in Figure 1, wherein " A " is this hair
The biological particles that bright embodiment 1 provides, " B " are to improve after density drops in technique cooling and be not added with gypsum and cross-linking polyethylene
The comparative example 2 (temperature setting and density setting and remaining condition and embodiment 1 are consistent) of the biological particles of pyrrolidones,
" C " is with the comparative example 1 of existing fuel palm silk biological particles.
As edible fungus culture medium material after biological particles prepared by the embodiment of the present invention are soaked, made
It is grown and is tested with bacterium, specially with 2cm × 20cm test tube, be packed into the variable grain matrix of equivalent weight, and access golden mushroom
Kind carries out production test, and wherein comparative example 1 is formed after being mechanically pulverized edible for existing fuel palm silk biological particles
Bacterium culture medium material, comparative example 3 are to use existing cotton seed hulls edible fungus culture medium material;Bag cultivation Flammulina velutipes mycelium is existed
Growing state compares test in different substrates, and the results are shown in Table 2:
Table 2
Wherein, the growing way of mycelia is indicated using "+", "+" is more, indicates that growing way is better;D indicates day.
It can be seen from Table 2 that compared with existing common cotton seed hulls is as edible fungus culture medium material, by this hair
The biological particles of bright embodiment preparation still are able to guarantee the good of mycelia as edible fungus culture medium material after being soaked
Quite grow, and existing fuel palm silk biological particles are difficult to disperse by the way of being soaked, and need by mechanical crushing
It can be dispersed, and substantially powdered after mechanical crushing, while lose and being cultivated as carbon source matrix culture edible mushroom substantially
Value.Edible fungi nutrition substance is broadly divided into carbon source and nitrogen source etc., and carbon source is referred mainly to containing fiber, crude fibre, lignin
Material, carbon source account for 70% or more.It is to be understood that other differences are not above other than embodiment 4 has notable difference
Greatly;Embodiment 4 is since the palm kernel meal particle of use is thinner, poor air permeability, and other particles of fat content ratio are higher, so walking
Bacterium is slow, but its crude protein content is higher, is mainly used for can be used as the substitute products of wheat bran, is used as nitrogen source in formula
It uses, gas permeability can be improved by coarse grained matrix such as addition corncobs in production.
The production cost of edible mushroom can be substantially reduced using biological particles prepared by the present invention;Now with the present patent application
Market price when day is reference, and bag plants cotton seed hulls in the conventional formulation of golden mushroom plantation and contains 45%, now by the embodiment of the present invention 1
The biological particles of preparation be soaked after as edible fungus culture medium material replacing whole 45% cotton seed hulls as improvement
Formula, wherein remaining environment and condition using conventional formulation and improved formulations production needle mushroom are all consistent;By table 3 into
The explanation of the following yield of flammulina velutipes of row and benefit.
Table 3
The market conditions when applying date according to the present invention, 1800 yuan/ton of cotton seed hulls, 1400 yuan/ton of particle of palm silk, in conjunction with
Upper table and the current actual condition of production of the present invention, compared with traditional handicraft, biological particles provided by the invention are as food
After bacterium culture medium material, there is significant progress to yield and save the cost is mentioned, trained to using cotton seed hulls as edible mushroom
Feeding matrix have it is good alternative, have great market prospects and application value.
Wherein, palm kernel meal is the thick flour after oil expression, and water content is in 10%-15%, preferably 11% or so.
Joined coagulator in product formula, it is preferred to use gypsum as coagulator, can also using it is other play it is solidifying
Gu and increasing the substance of hardness effect as coagulator;Grain forming rate and pellet hardness can be improved in coagulator, convenient for fortune
It is defeated, while can guarantee the ratio of briquetting of high particle and the hardness of particle with lower preparation temperature and grain density, it is existing
Fuel biological particles needs make grain forming with high temperature and pressure and guarantee pellet hardness.And reduce temperature avoid particle by
Carbonization phenomenon is generated to high temperature extrusion, high temperature is avoided to lead to the loss as edible fungus culture medium nutrient.Lower density can
So that particle is easier to be soaked when in use, specifically, the grain density in the present invention reduces 20%- than fuel particle
30%.
Wherein, the present invention also uses durian as edible fungus culturing raw material.The full skin of durian shell, that is, durian, including durian
Crust and endothelium account for about the 60% of entire durian gross weight, and major part durian is thrown away as rubbish at present, not only cause resource
It wastes and causes environmental pollution.The crude protein content of the full skin of durian shell is high, crude fiber content and Soluble carbohydrate content compared with
Height, amino acid contained rich content can be as the quality raw materials of culturing edible fungus.
It wherein,, can be with using coagulator being added as adhesive in edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle provided by the invention
Grain forming rate and pellet hardness are improved, is readily transported, while the density of particle can be reduced during the preparation process again, moreover it is possible to
It improves the hardness of bacteria stick and adjusts pH value.
Wherein, inventor passes through a large amount of experiment and research, it was found that joined a small amount of disintegrating agent will not only make to match
The addition of coagulator is unaffected in side, moreover it is possible to which particle is soaked rapidly in application.The disintegrating agent that the present invention uses
The substance of gel is enough expanded and will not generate to meet water energy, it is preferential to select crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone as disintegrating agent, the object
Matter not only has very strong expansion character, but also not soluble in water, and only simple chance water expands, and neither will form gel in this way,
It will not be eaten the absorption of bacterium mycelia, the gas permeability of edible fungi substrate can also be improved on the contrary.If water suction forms gel, Jiu Huizao
It is airtight after being soaked at edible fungi substrate, influence mycelium germination.And pass through the cooperation of coagulator and disintegrating agent, it can make with palm
Particle is first made in raw material based on silk or palm wood etc. before shipping, substantially without harmful microorganism, meets import and examines mark
It is quasi-;And after transporting to destination, it is soaked, so that edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle is dissociated into again and be suitable for eating
The basic material of bacteria cultivation, the performance without influencing original basis raw material.Although disintegrating agent field of medicaments be used as pharmacy at
It point carries out using however to belong to technology pioneering for the application aspect in edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle field, and is simply added into few
The disintegrating agent of amount just can make biological particles obtained have significant dispersion effect;In the present invention disintegrating agent cooperation it is other at
Divide and solid life is made in technique, the material for making palm silk, palm wood, palm kernel meal or durian shell etc. can be used as edible fungus culture medium
Material grains reduce transportation volume, improve charging unloading efficiency, avoid the loss of material in transportational process, save
Transportation cost greatly facilitates transport;And after shipping, it can be soaked in the short time, make solid biomass obtained
Grain disperses again rapidly and the material as edible fungus culture medium, and it is various edible to be suitable for needle mushroom, agrocybe, elegant precious mushroom etc.
The culture of bacterium uses, and has saved a large amount of time and cost for the production of enterprise, has played unexpected technical effect.
Wherein, the present invention defines the temperature and density of preparation in preparation method, can make biology provided by the invention
Matrix is preferably pelletized, and so that bio-matrix is carbonized, so as to cause the loss of nutriment, moreover it is possible to make manufactured particle
It is easier to be soaked when in use.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations;To the greatest extent
Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement;And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle, which is characterized in that comprise the following components in parts by weight:
85-99 parts of bio-matrix
1-5 parts of coagulator
0.5-2 parts of disintegrating agent.
2. according to claim edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle, it is characterised in that: the bio-matrix includes palm silk, palm
At least one of wood, palm kernel meal or durian shell.
3. edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the coagulator is gypsum.
4. edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the disintegrating agent is to be crosslinked poly- second
Alkene pyrrolidone.
5. edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the diameter of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle
For 5-11mm, length 20-70mm.
6. a kind of preparation method of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle according to claim 1-5, feature exist
In, including following preparation step:
Step a, at least one of palm silk, palm wood and durian shell is selected to be used as bio-matrix, and to palm silk or palm
Wood and durian shell carry out pulverization process, form M1;
Step b, M1 is dried, moisture content control forms M2 in 10%-15%;
Step c, M2 is mixed with coagulator and disintegrating agent, forms M3;
It step d, is edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle after cooling using granulator to M3 granulating and forming.
7. the preparation method of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:
In step d, when granulator carries out granulating and forming, it is grains dedicated that edible mushroom is obtained using high temperature extrusion;Wherein, it is granulated work
The parameter of skill setting are as follows: 100 DEG C -120 DEG C of temperature, grain density 600kg/m3-620kg/m3。
8. the preparation method of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle according to claim 1-5, which is characterized in that packet
Include following preparation step:
Step a, palm kernel meal is selected to be used as bio-matrix, moisture content is controlled in 10%-15%, by palm kernel meal and coagulator and is collapsed
Solution agent is mixed to form M4;
It step b, is edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle after cooling using granulator to M4 granulating and forming.
9. the preparation method of edible mushroom dedicated biomass particle according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:
In step b, when granulator carries out granulating and forming, it is grains dedicated that edible mushroom is obtained using high temperature extrusion;Wherein, it is granulated work
The parameter of skill setting are as follows: 100 DEG C -120 DEG C of temperature, grain density 600kg/m3-620kg/m3。
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