JP2565923Y2 - Absorption chiller / heater - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an absorption chiller / heater, and more particularly to an absorption chiller / heater having improved heat exchange efficiency and reduced size and cost in an absorber and a condenser.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is an air-cooled absorption chiller / heater using air as a cooling medium for cooling an absorber of an absorption chiller / heater and a condenser, and a water-cooling absorption chiller / heater using water as a cooling medium. Hot and cold water machines are known.

[0003]

However, such a conventional absorption chiller / heater has the following problems. That is, in the case of an air-cooled absorption chiller / heater,
In order to cool an absorber and a condenser using air, the heat exchange is performed only by the sensible heat change of the air. Therefore, a large heat transfer area is required because it must be brought into contact with a large amount of air, equipment must be provided with fins in the absorber and condenser, and a large-capacity cooling fan is required for ventilation. Therefore, there is a drawback such as an increase in running cost. Further, in the case of a water-cooled absorption chiller / heater, it is necessary to provide a cooling tower in addition to the absorption chiller / heater and produce cooling water for cooling the absorber and the condenser. In this case, in the production of the cooling water, the amount of air required to cool the water by the latent heat of evaporation of the cooling water is small, and the cooling fan provided in the cooling tower may be small. However, a cooling water circulation pump is required because it is necessary to circulate the cooling water, which has been evaporated and deprived of latent heat in the cooling tower and whose temperature has dropped, to the absorber and the condenser.
This pump for cooling water circulation has the drawback of requiring a large-capacity pump because heat transfer is performed only by changes in sensible heat when heat transfer is performed by exchanging heat with absorption heat or condensation heat in an absorber or condenser. there were.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to improve the heat exchange efficiency when cooling an absorber or a condenser of an absorption chiller / heater, and to reduce the size of the equipment. It is to plan.

Another object of the present invention is to make use of the advantages of the conventional water-cooled absorption chiller / heater and air-cooled absorption chiller / heater to reduce the size and cost of the apparatus.

[0006]

To achieve the above object, the absorption chiller / heater according to the present invention has the following configuration. That is, a regenerator that heats a dilute solution with a heating source, a separator that separates the solution heated by the regenerator into refrigerant vapor and a concentrated solution, and a solution that exchanges heat between the concentrated solution from the separator and the dilute solution. A heat exchanger, a condenser that condenses refrigerant vapor from the separator to obtain a liquid refrigerant, an evaporator that sprays liquid refrigerant from the condenser to a chiller to obtain chilled water from the chiller, and the solution An absorber for dropping the concentrated solution heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger and absorbing the vapor of the refrigerant vaporized in the evaporator; and a regenerator for the dilute solution absorbing the refrigerant in the absorber through the solution heat exchanger. An absorption chiller-heater having at least a solution circulation pump for feeding the heat exchanger section of at least one of the absorber and the condenser to a container in which refrigerant vapor is introduced, and an axis line in the container.
Are arranged vertically and the upper end is substantially horizontal
It protrudes above the upper surface, opens outside the container, and has a lower end
A plurality of air passages opening toward the outside of the container bottom;
The container includes a side wall extending upward from the upper surface.
And the projections of the plurality of air passages with the top surface as the bottom surface
And forming a liquid pool having an extension of the side wall as a peripheral wall,
The line connecting the upper ends of the air passages is almost a horizontal line.
And the lowest point of the extension of the side wall is from the horizontal line
The cooling water is supplied to this sump via a water supply valve.
Connect the supply line, from bottom to top inside the air flow path
A fan for generating a head-on air flow is arranged above the container.
Was placed .

[0007]

According to the above construction, the cooling water flows down the inner wall surface of the vertically long air flow path provided in the absorber or the condenser so as to form a liquid film, while the cooling water flows in the absorber. In this case, the high-temperature concentrated solution and the refrigerant vapor, and in the condenser, the high-temperature refrigerant vapor comes into contact with the outer wall surface of the air flow path to exchange heat. As a result, the absorber and the concentrated solution and refrigerant vapor in the condenser air flow
At the same time, the cooling water evaporates by obtaining heat of absorption and heat of condensation. The evaporated water vapor the air
The air is forcibly introduced into the air flow path and is released into the atmosphere. As described above, the heat of absorption and the heat of condensation are radiated to the cooling water via the wall surface of the air flow path , and the heat is contained in the air as latent heat of evaporation and released to the atmosphere, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, (a) is a schematic configuration diagram of an absorption chiller / heater showing one embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a cross-sectional view of the condenser taken along the line AA. In FIG. 1A,
First, a case where the absorption chiller / heater generates chilled water during cooling will be described. The high-temperature regenerator (regenerator) 1 has a combustion chamber housed therein, heats a dilute solution having a reduced concentration by absorbing a refrigerant, and generates refrigerant vapor from the dilute solution. The separator 2 evaporates the refrigerant vapor to separate the intermediate concentrated solution having a high concentration from the refrigerant vapor, and sends the former to the high-temperature solution heat exchanger 7 and the latter to the low-temperature regenerator 3. The low-temperature regenerator (regenerator) 3 reheats the intermediate concentrated solution whose temperature has been lowered by the high-temperature solution heat exchanger 7 with the refrigerant vapor coming from the separator 2, and further generates refrigerant vapor from the intermediate concentrated solution. The refrigerant is sent to the condenser 4 and the intermediate concentrated solution itself is made into a concentrated solution. At the same time, the refrigerant vapor coming from the separator 2 is partially condensed and sent to the condenser 4 as a refrigerant liquid. The condenser 4 cools and liquefies the refrigerant vapor generated in the low-temperature regenerator 3 and the refrigerant vapor not converted into the refrigerant liquid in the low-temperature regenerator 3 by using cooling water and air, converts the refrigerant vapor into a refrigerant liquid, and sends the refrigerant liquid to the evaporator 5. The evaporator 5 is provided with a heat transfer tube (cooler) 5A through which circulating water to be cooled flows. The evaporator 5 sprays the refrigerant liquid sent from the condenser 4 to the heat transfer tube 5A by using a sprayer 5B. The circulating water is cooled using heat of vaporization when the liquid becomes refrigerant vapor. The concentrated solution that has passed through the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 8 from the low-temperature regenerator 3 flows into the absorber 6 and is dropped.
This concentrated solution absorbs the vaporized refrigerant vapor in the evaporator 5. A high vacuum is secured in the evaporator 5 by the absorption function of the absorber 6, and the refrigerant liquid sprayed on the heat transfer tube 5A in the evaporator 5 can be immediately evaporated. Also,
The absorber 6 is provided with cooling means for cooling when the concentrated solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor and becomes a dilute solution, which will be described later in detail. The high-temperature solution heat exchanger 7 exchanges heat between the high-temperature intermediate concentrated solution and the low-temperature dilute solution, and the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 8 exchanges heat between the high-temperature concentrated solution and the low-temperature dilute solution. The heat exchange efficiency is improved by providing two stages on the high temperature side and the low temperature side. The solution circulation pump 9 is provided for absorbing the refrigerant vapor in the absorber 6 and turning it into a dilute solution through the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 8 and the high-temperature solution heat exchanger 7 to the high-temperature regenerator 1 for recirculation. Have been.

The present invention relates to a cooling device for the condenser 4 and the absorber 6 of such an absorption chiller / heater, and these will be described below.

The condenser 4 has a low-temperature regenerator 3 as described above.
And the refrigerant vapor that has not been converted into the refrigerant liquid in the low-temperature regenerator 3 and that has been partially cooled and has become the refrigerant liquid flows into the low-temperature regenerator 3. These have to be cooled in the condenser 4 and all have to be converted into a refrigerant liquid, for which heat exchange must take place between the refrigerant vapor and the cooling medium. FIG.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, an air passage (tube 1 ) having a hollow inside and a vertically long shape is used as a heat exchanger section for performing heat exchange.
0) are disposed in the condenser 4. Then, in order to form a falling liquid film of the cooling water on the inner wall surface of the pipe 10, the cooling water is dropped from above the pipe 10.
In order to properly form the falling liquid film, the upper part 10A of the pipe is formed so as to slightly protrude from the upper face 4A of the condenser 4, and a pool of the cooling water is formed in a part formed by the upper face 4A and the upper part 10A of the pipe. Then, the cooling water sent from the water supply valve 11 is supplied thereto. In this way, the cooling water overflowing the upper portion 10A of the pipe flows down along the inner wall surface of the pipe 10 while forming a thin liquid film. On the other hand, the refrigerant vapor flowing into the condenser 4 exists in such a manner as to contact the outer wall surface of the pipe 10. As a result, heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant vapor and the cooling water via the wall surface of the pipe 10, and the refrigerant vapor is cooled to cause refrigerant condensation, to flow as a refrigerant liquid along the outer wall surface of the pipe 10, and to flow down the condenser 10. 4
The cooling water that accumulates on the lower surface 4B inside is heated by obtaining heat of condensation and is partially evaporated. The water vapor evaporated in the pipe 10 in this manner is released into the atmosphere by air forcedly introduced from below the condenser 4 and the absorber 6 by the cooling fan 12 provided above the condenser 4. . Reference numeral 13 denotes a dustproof filter for introducing air, and reference numeral 14 denotes an opening / closing shutter for discharging air.

Next, the concentrated solution formed by the low-temperature regenerator 3 as described above flows into the absorber 6 through the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 8 and is provided on the side surface of the absorber 6. Evaporator 5
There is refrigerant vapor generated within. These have to be cooled in the absorber 6 and made into a dilute solution, for which a heat exchange has to take place between them and the cooling medium. This point is the same as in the case of the condenser 4, and is the same in that a plurality of tubes 15 having a hollow inside and a vertically long shape are provided in the absorber 6 as a heat exchanger portion for performing heat exchange. is there. In addition, the point that the upper part 15A of the pipe is slightly protruded from the upper surface 6A of the absorber 6 in order to form a falling liquid film of the cooling water on the inner wall surface of the pipe 15 is the same as the case of the condenser 4, so that Detailed description is omitted. Also,
The concentrated solution flowing into the absorber 6 is dropped on the outer wall surface of the tube 15 so as to be in contact with the upper end of the tube, and flows down while forming a liquid film. As a result, the concentrated solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor while being cooled through the wall surface of the pipe 15 and flows to the lower surface 6B of the absorber 6.
Further, the point that the cooling water obtains the heat of absorption to generate water vapor, which is released into the atmosphere by the air forcedly introduced into the pipe 15 is the same as in the case of the condenser 4.

In the case of the absorber 6, the concentrated solution is dropped from the upper end of the pipe 15 and flows down while absorbing the refrigerant vapor. For this reason, the lower part of the tube needs to be cooled to a lower temperature than the upper part. However, according to the configuration of the present invention, the air introduced from the lower part has a dry bulb temperature. Both the wet-bulb temperature is low, and the dry-bulb temperature rises upward. Both the wet bulb temperature increases. Therefore, the heat exchanger is very rational and has an advantage that the temperature difference of heat exchange can be increased.

A case where the absorption chiller / heater generates hot water during heating will be described. In this case, a cooling / heating switching valve 16 provided in a pipe connecting the separator 2 and the evaporator 5 is used.
Is opened. As a result, the solution and the refrigerant vapor heated in the high-temperature regenerator 1 are directly guided to the evaporator 5 and exchange heat with the heat transfer tube (water heater) 5A to generate hot water. The refrigerant vapor is used to generate hot water, condenses into a refrigerant liquid, mixes with the solution, and is sent again to the high temperature regenerator 1 by the solution circulation pump 9. At this time, the cooling device of the condenser 4 and the absorber 6 used for cooling when generating the cold water is stopped. That is, the dripping of the cooling water is stopped, the operation of the cooling fan 12 is also stopped, and the shutter 14 that has been opened and closed in synchronization with the operation of the cooling fan 12 is closed, and the condenser 4 and the absorber due to convection of air are closed. The heat radiation from the inner surface of the tube 6 is prevented.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view showing another embodiment of the present invention, wherein a cooling device is constituted by using a hollow, vertically long tube as a heat exchanger portion of a condenser 4 and an absorber 6. The points are the same as those in FIG. The only difference is that the condenser 4 and the absorber 6 are arranged in series in FIG. 1, whereas they are arranged in parallel in FIG. For this reason, since the upper surface 4A of the condenser 4 and the upper surface 6A of the absorber 6 can be formed on the same plane, a pool of cooling water can be formed by this plane, the upper tube portion 10A and the upper tube portion 15A. As a result, only one outlet for the cooling water sent from the water supply valve 11 is required. The other points are exactly the same as those in FIG. 1, and therefore detailed description is omitted. Note that the same reference numerals used in FIG. 1 perform the same actions and operations.

FIGS. 3A and 3B show still another embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 3A is a schematic structural view, and FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along the line AA in the condenser. In this embodiment, a condenser 4 and an absorber 6 are provided in series and integral with cooling water and cooling air as in FIG. A plurality of vertically long plates 17 are used as heat exchanger portions of the condenser 4 and the absorber 6 in a shape as shown in FIG. Outer surface 4 of
C. A cooling device is formed by forming a hollow portion 18 between the cooling device and the cooling device. Cooling water flows down along the inner wall surface of the plate 17 while forming a liquid film from above along the inside of the hollow portion 18, and the air forcedly introduced by the cooling fan 12 flows upward from below. The generated steam is released into the atmosphere. In order to form a falling liquid film on the inner wall surface of the plate 17, a pool of cooling water is provided in a portion formed by the upper surface 4A of the condenser 4 and the upper plate 17A, as in FIG. As a result, heat exchange is performed through the wall of the plate 17 as in the case of the tube in FIG. 1 to cool the condenser 4 and the absorber 6. The operation is the same as that of the case using the tube in FIG. Further, in this embodiment, the lower surface 4B of the condenser 4 and the upper surface 6A of the absorber 6 are formed by the same wall surface because the condenser 4 and the absorber 6 are formed in series and integrally. 5 is provided inside a plate 17 formed on the absorber 6. FIG. 1 shows that the cooled refrigerant vapor becomes the refrigerant liquid and becomes the lower surface 4B of the condenser 4, and the concentrated solution similarly cooled and absorbs the refrigerant vapor becomes the dilute solution and accumulates on the lower surface 6B of the absorber 6. Is the same as when using a tube. In this embodiment, parts other than the condenser and the absorber are the same in operation and operation as those described in FIG. 1, and therefore, the same reference numerals are used in FIG.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto. Further, in the embodiment, an example is shown in which tubes or plates are used for both the condenser and the absorber, but the present invention may be used for at least one of them.

[0017]

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, the present invention has the following effects.

That is, since the absorber and the condenser are cooled by the latent heat of evaporation of the cooling water, the heat transfer efficiency is good and the heat transfer area can be small, so that the equipment can be made compact.

In the absorber, the temperature change of the heat exchange can be rationally arranged, so that the temperature difference of the heat exchange can be increased. This has a great effect on downsizing the device.

The cooling water dropping amount for cooling may be about the sum of the evaporation loss amount and the minimum liquid film formation amount, and the amount is small, and almost no power is required for dropping the cooling water. In the conventional cooling tower system of water cooling, heat transfer from the absorption chiller / heater to the cooling tower requires only a sensible heat change of the cooling water, so a cooling water pump and a large power were required for transportation. No cooling water pump or large power is required for heat dissipation by the latent heat of evaporation from the condenser and absorber of the absorption chiller / heater.

Since the heat exchangers of the condenser and the absorber can be reduced in size as compared with the conventional air-cooled absorption chiller / heater, the air passage can be easily closed by a shutter or the like when generating hot water during heating. Further, a dedicated heat exchanger (water heater) for generating hot water, which is required for the conventional air-cooled absorption chiller / heater, is no longer necessary.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of an absorption chiller / heater according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of another embodiment of the absorption chiller / heater according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of still another embodiment of the absorption chiller / heater according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 High temperature regenerator 2 Separator 3 Low temperature regenerator 4 Condenser 5 Evaporator 6 Absorber 7 High temperature solution heat exchanger 8 Low temperature solution heat exchanger 9 Solution circulation pump 10 Pipe 11 Water supply valve 12 Cooling fan 13 Dustproof filter 14 Shutter 15 Tube 16 Cooling / heating switching valve 17 Plate 18 Hollow

Claims (3)

(57) [Scope of request for utility model registration] 1. A regenerator for heating a dilute solution with a heating source, a separator for separating the solution heated by the regenerator into a refrigerant vapor and a concentrated solution, and a concentrated solution from the separator for the dilute solution and heat. A solution heat exchanger to be exchanged, a condenser that condenses refrigerant vapor from the separator to obtain a liquid refrigerant, and an evaporator that sprays liquid refrigerant from the condenser to a chiller to obtain chilled water from the chiller. An absorber for dropping a concentrated solution heat-exchanged in the solution heat exchanger to absorb refrigerant vapor vaporized in the evaporator; and a dilute solution absorbing the refrigerant in the absorber through the solution heat exchanger. In the absorption chiller / heater having at least a solution circulation pump for sending to the regenerator, the absorber, at least one of the heat exchanger sections of the condenser, a container into which refrigerant vapor is introduced, and a container inside the container.
The container is arranged with the axis vertical and the upper end is almost water
Projecting above the flat upper surface, opening outside the container and lower end
A plurality of air passages each of which opens toward the outside of the bottom of the container
And including the side wall of the container upward from the upper surface.
Extending the upper surface to the bottom surface and projecting the plurality of air passages
Forming a liquid pool with the protrusion and the extension of the side wall as peripheral walls
The line connecting the upper ends of the plurality of air flow paths is substantially water.
The lowest point of the extension of the side wall shall be horizontal
Line above the line, and cool the sump through a water supply valve.
Connect a pipe that supplies recirculated water,
A fan that creates an upward airflow
Absorption chiller / heater characterized by being placed on the side . 2. The air passage is a tube having a circular cross section.
The absorption chiller / heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3. The air flow path has at least two vertical planes.
Including a hollow cylindrical body formed as a side wall.
A part of the side wall of the cylindrical body forms a part of the side wall of the container.
The hot and cold water absorption according to claim 2, wherein
Machine .