JPH07120095A - Air-cooled absorption hot and chilled water generator and operating method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an air-cooled absorption hot and chilled water generator in which crystallization is prevented by obtaining circulation of solution at the time of heating and which has a high thermal efficiency. CONSTITUTION:An air-cooled absorption hot and chilled water generator comprises a regenerator 1, an air-cooled absorber 2, an air-cooled condenser 3, an evaporator 4, a water heater 5 connected to the regenerator 1 through a vapor tube, a solution pump 7 for connecting them, a solution passage and a refrigerant passage having a solution pump 8 and switching valves 11, 12 with water as a main ingredient of refrigerant, wherein the absorber 2 has a plurality of horizontal heat transfer tubes 10. The tubes 18 are provided outside the tubes with plate fins 9. A spray tube 15 having a plurality of spray nozzles 16 for spraying liquid to upper inner walls of the tubes in the tubes is provided in the tube 10. The evaporator 4 has a vertical heat transfer tube 13 which can supply refrigerant liquid or concentrated solution to the outside with chilled/hot water flowing therethrough. The absorber 2 is separated from the evaporator 4 by an eliminator 14. Accordingly, at the time of cooling and heating, the refrigerant liquid and the solution flowing through the absorber and the evaporator are switched to be operated.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an absorption chiller / heater,
In particular, the present invention relates to an air-cooled absorption cold / hot water machine capable of producing cold / hot water by switching the refrigerant passage and the solution passage at the time of cooling / heating.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in heating and cooling an absorption chiller-heater, the condenser, the evaporator, and the absorber are separated, the solution pump and the refrigerant pump are stopped, and the refrigerant is regenerator-> water heater-> regenerator. The refrigerant vapor from the regenerator was sent to the water heater, the condensing heat of the refrigerant vapor was used to heat the hot water for heating, and the condensed refrigerant was sent to the regenerator for evaporation and circulation. .

In such a heating operation, in a regenerator having a combustion chamber above the burner and a regenerator solution concentrating portion above the combustion chamber, a dilute solution pipe is closely attached around the combustion chamber to cover the combustion chamber. Since the solution is cooled, there is a problem that when the solution pump is stopped, the solution does not circulate in the pipe around the combustion chamber, and when the solution is burned, the solution in the pipe is crystallized.
Further, the heating uses only the condensation heat of the refrigerant vapor, and the thermal efficiency is poor.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a solution pump is operated even during heating to ensure solution circulation, and an extreme concentration distribution is avoided in the solution circulation system during heating. It is an object of the present invention to provide an air-cooled absorption chiller-heater with good thermal efficiency and a method of operating the same that does not crystallize.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has a regenerator, an air-cooled absorber, an air-cooled condenser, an evaporator, and a water heater connected to the regenerator by a steam pipe. In the air-cooled absorption chiller-heater having a solution pump for communicating with each other, a solution passage having a refrigerant pump and a switching valve, and a refrigerant passage, and water as a main component of the refrigerant, the air-cooled absorber includes a plurality of horizontal heat transfer tubes. The horizontal heat transfer tube is provided with plate fins outside the heat transfer tube, and the inside of the heat transfer tube is provided with a spray tube having a plurality of spray nozzles for spraying a liquid on the inner wall of the heat transfer tube. A vertical heat transfer tube having a structure capable of supplying cold or hot water and supplying a refrigerant liquid or a concentrated solution to the outside is provided, and the air-cooled absorber and the evaporator are separated by an eliminator.

Further, according to the present invention, in the method of operating the air-cooled absorption chiller-heater, the solution pump and the refrigerant pump are operated during the cooling operation, and the refrigerant vapor from the regenerator is guided to the air-cooled condenser to cool the water heater. In the heating operation, the refrigerant pump is stopped, the solution from the regenerator is supplied to the evaporator spray header, and the refrigerant vapor from the regenerator to the air-cooled condenser is shut off so that it does not go to the In addition to shutting off the path, open the refrigerant vapor path from the regenerator to the water heater to bring it into contact with the hot water heat transfer tube in the water heater and supply the refrigerant liquid condensed in the water heater to the spray pipe at the top stage of the absorber. It was decided.

As described above, according to the present invention, in the air-cooled absorption cooling / heating machine in which water is the main component of the refrigerant and Li salt aqueous solution or the like is used as the absorbing solution, the heat-transfer tubes of the air-cooling absorber are installed substantially horizontally, A plate fin is provided outside to expand the heat transfer area to bring it into contact with cooling air, supply the absorbing solution into the heat transfer tube, and supply the absorbing solution into the heat transfer tube. An absorber is provided with a spray pipe that guides the solution from a plurality of spray nozzles onto the inner wall of the heat transfer pipe, and the evaporator is a vertical heat transfer pipe. Then, during the cooling operation, cold water is passed through the heat transfer tube, and the refrigerant liquid is supplied to the outside of the heat transfer tube to evaporate, and the refrigerant liquid at the bottom of the evaporator is supplied to the evaporator spray header by the refrigerant pump. The solution pump and the refrigerant pump are operated to direct the refrigerant vapor from the regenerator to the air-cooled condenser and form an absorption cycle (blocking the refrigerant vapor of the regenerator from going to the water heater).

Further, during heating operation, hot water is passed through the heat transfer tube of the evaporator, and a concentrated solution is supplied to the outside of the heat transfer tube to absorb the evaporated refrigerant, so that the solution under the evaporator is regenerated by a solution pump. Supply the solution from the regenerator to the evaporator spray header, shut off the refrigerant vapor path from the regenerator to the condenser, and at the same time supply the refrigerant vapor from the regenerator to the water heater. The path is opened to contact the hot water heat transfer pipe in the water heater, and the refrigerant liquid condensed in the water heater is supplied to the spray pipe at the uppermost stage of the absorber.

[0009]

As described above, in the present invention, the air-cooled absorber and the evaporator have a special structure, and both are put side by side with the eliminator in between, so that the refrigerant liquid and the concentrated solution can be used during the cooling operation and the heating operation. By switching the flow of the liquid, the circulation of the solution is secured even during heating and the solution does not crystallize, and the heat of condensation of the refrigerant can be used in two stages during heating to absorb air with very high thermal efficiency. It became a water heater.

[0010]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Example 1 FIG. 1 is an example of a single-effect air-cooled absorption chiller-heater of the present invention,
It is a block diagram for explaining the operation at the time of cooling, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining the operation at the time of heating.

1 and 2, 1 is a regenerator, 2 is an air-cooled absorber, 3 is an air-cooled condenser, 4 is an evaporator, 5 is a water heater, 6 is a heat exchanger, 7 is a solution pump, and 8 is It is a refrigerant pump, and the air-cooled absorber 2 is composed of a heat transfer tube 10 having a plate fin 9, and the heat transfer tube 10 has a spray nozzle 16 inside.
Is provided with a spray tube 15. The evaporator 4 comprises a vertical heat transfer tube 13, is connected to the air-cooled absorber 2 by an eliminator 14, and a weir 18 for partitioning the refrigerant and the solution is provided below the eliminator 14. 1
Reference numerals 1 and 12 are switching valves, and 17 is a liquid seal.

The path shown by a broken line in the drawing indicates that there is no flow of the solution, the refrigerant liquid, and the refrigerant vapor due to the operation of the valve or the like, and the path exists. Next, a single effect cooling operation will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, the refrigerant pump 8 and the solution pump 7 are operating. The steam three-way valve 11 is directed from the regenerator 1 toward the air-cooled condenser 3, and the liquid three-way valve 12 is directed from the heat exchanger 6 toward the air-cooled absorber 2 uppermost spray pipe 15.

First, the flow of the refrigerant will be described. The refrigerant vapor generated in the regenerator 1 passes through the vapor three-way valve 11, is guided to the air-cooled condenser 3, and enters the air-cooled condenser 3 upper header. The refrigerant liquid condensed in the air-cooled condenser 3 merges with the non-evaporated refrigerant liquid from the evaporator 4 through the liquid seal 17, is guided to the suction portion of the refrigerant pump 8, and is sent to the upper header of the evaporator 4 by the refrigerant pump 8. To be The sent refrigerant liquid flows down from the upper header of the evaporator 4 along the outer surface of the vertical heat transfer tube 13 of the evaporator 4,
It takes heat from the cold water flowing inside and evaporates. The evaporated refrigerant vapor passes through the eliminator 14 and the horizontal air-cooled absorber 2
Where it comes into contact with and is absorbed by the absorbing solution. The non-evaporated refrigerant liquid is guided from the liquid pool below the evaporator 4 to the suction of the refrigerant pump 8, and this is repeated.

Next, the flow of the solution will be described. The concentrated solution concentrated in the regenerator 1 is introduced into the uppermost spray pipe 15 of the horizontal air-cooled absorber 2 via the heat exchanger 6. The absorbing solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor in the absorber 2, and the diluted absorbing solution flows through the bottom of the horizontal heat transfer tube 10 along the horizontal direction.
It flows toward the opening, goes to the spray pipe 15 of the lower heat transfer pipe, is sprayed on the inner wall of the heat transfer pipe 10, and is absorbed by the refrigerant vapor. The diluted absorption solution collects in the solution pool below the absorber 2, flows into the suction of the solution pump 7, is pressure-fed by the solution pump 7, is fed to the regenerator 1 via the heat exchanger 6, and the above is repeated.

Next, a single effect heating operation (heat pump operation) will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 2, the refrigerant pump 8 is stopped and the solution pump 7 is operating. The steam three-way valve 11 extends from the regenerator 1 toward the water heater 5 and the liquid three-way valve 12
Is from the heat exchanger 6 to the evaporator 4 upper header.

First, the flow of the refrigerant will be described. The refrigerant vapor generated in the regenerator 1 passes through the vapor three-way valve 11 and is guided to the water heater 5, where it contacts the hot water heat transfer tube and is condensed. The condensed refrigerant liquid is guided from the lower part of the water heater 5 to the uppermost spray pipe 15 of the horizontal air-cooled absorber 2. The sent refrigerant liquid is sprayed from the plurality of sprays 16 onto the inner wall of the heat transfer tube 10 of the horizontal air-cooled condenser to remove heat from the air flowing outside the heat transfer tube 10 and evaporate. The non-evaporated refrigerant liquid flows through the bottom of the horizontal heat transfer tube 10 toward the opening of the heat transfer tube 10 along the horizontal direction, goes to the spray tube 15 of the lower heat transfer tube, and is sprayed on the inner wall of the heat transfer tube 10 and evaporated. The evaporated refrigerant vapor passes through the eliminator 14 and goes to the evaporator 4. The non-evaporated refrigerant liquid falls into the solution pool below the absorber 2, flows into the suction of the solution pump 7, is sent to the regenerator 1 by the solution pump 7, and this is repeated.

Next, the flow of the solution will be described. The concentrated solution concentrated in the regenerator 1 passes through the heat exchanger 6 and the three-way valve for liquid 12
And is led to the upper header of the evaporator 4. The absorbing solution flows down from the upper header of the evaporator 4 along the outer surface of the evaporator vertical heat transfer tube 13 and absorbs the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 4. At this time, the refrigerant vapor is absorbed and releases latent heat, and the amount of this heat is taken by the hot water flowing in the vertical heat transfer tube 13. The absorption solution diluted by absorbing the refrigerant vapor falls into the solution pool at the bottom of the evaporator 4, overflows from the weir 18 to the liquid pool at the bottom of the absorber 2, merges with the unevaporated refrigerant liquid, and flows into the solution pump 7. Furthermore, the regenerator 1 is driven by the solution pump 7.
It is pumped to and repeated above. Although the above description has been given of the single-effect absorption chiller-heater, the same effect can be applied to the double-effect absorption chiller-heater.

[0018]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the solution pump can be operated even during heating to ensure the solution circulation, the solution can be prevented from crystallizing in the solution circulation system, and the thermal efficiency during heating is very good. An air-cooled absorption chiller-heater was obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an operation during cooling in a single-effect air-cooled absorption chiller-heater according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating an operation during heating in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: Regenerator, 2: Air-cooled absorber, 3: Air-cooled condenser, 4: Evaporator, 5: Water heater, 6: Heat exchanger, 7: Solution pump,
8: Refrigerant pump, 9: Plate fin, 10: Horizontal heat transfer tube, 11: Steam three-way valve, 12: Solution three-way valve, 13: Vertical heat transfer tube, 14: Eliminator, 15: Spray tube, 1
6: Spray nozzle, 17: Liquid seal, 18: Cough

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A regenerator, an air-cooled absorber, an air-cooled condenser, an evaporator and a water heater connected to the regenerator by a steam pipe, and a solution pump connecting them, a solution pump having a refrigerant pump and a switching valve, and In an air-cooled absorption chiller-heater having a refrigerant passage and water as a main component of the refrigerant, the air-cooled absorber is composed of a plurality of horizontal heat transfer tubes, and the horizontal heat transfer tubes are provided with plate fins outside the heat transfer tubes. In the heat pipe, a spray pipe having a plurality of spray nozzles for spraying a liquid is provided on the upper part of the inner wall of the heat transfer pipe, and the evaporator has a structure capable of passing cold / hot water inside and supplying a refrigerant liquid or a concentrated solution to the outside. 2. An air-cooled absorption chiller-heater having a vertical heat transfer tube, wherein the air-cooled absorber and the evaporator are separated by an eliminator. 2. In the operation method of the air-cooled absorption chiller-heater, during the cooling operation, the solution pump and the refrigerant pump are operated, and the refrigerant vapor from the regenerator is guided to the air-cooled condenser and does not go to the water heater. Shut off to form an absorption cycle,
During heating operation, the refrigerant pump is stopped, the solution from the regenerator is supplied to the evaporator spray header, and the refrigerant vapor path from the regenerator to the air-cooled condenser is cut off, and the refrigerant from the regenerator to the water heater is also cut off. The air-cooled absorption cold / hot water according to claim 1, wherein the steam path is opened, brought into contact with the hot water heat transfer pipe in the water heater, and the refrigerant liquid condensed in the water heater is supplied to the spray pipe at the uppermost stage of the absorber. How to operate the machine.