JP2546272B2 - Automatic musical instrument accompaniment device - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an automatic accompaniment apparatus for automatically generating an accompaniment sound such as a chord in an electronic musical instrument, and particularly to a technique for limiting an accompaniment sound range. .

[Summary of the Invention] The present invention provides a memory with a normal pattern and a special pattern (fill-in pattern, ending pattern, etc.).
The pitch information corresponding to the above is stored, the pitch information read from the memory is changed in accordance with the chord information based on, for example, key depression, and the accompaniment is performed in accordance with the changed pitch information. When a sound is generated, it is judged whether the accompaniment corresponding to the pitch information for which the pitch is changed only for the normal pattern is in the desired accompaniment range and when it is determined that the accompaniment is not included, the pitch information is reproduced again. By changing the height, generation of accompaniment sound outside the accompaniment sound range is prevented in advance, and generation of accompaniment sound outside the accompaniment sound range is permitted for the special pattern.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, as an automatic accompaniment device for an electronic musical instrument, a series of pitch information for automatic accompaniment is stored in a memory, and the pitch information is read out from the memory based on a clock signal. It is known that pitch information is changed in accordance with chord information based on a keyboard or the like on the accompaniment keyboard, and an accompaniment sound is generated in accordance with the pitch changed pitch information. .

According to such a conventional technique, since the pitch change processing is performed, the accompaniment sound can be generated according to the pitch information different from the one stored in the memory. Therefore, although the memory capacity can be reduced, in some cases, an accompaniment sound may be generated outside the desired accompaniment sound range, which is not preferable because it causes musical incongruity.

Therefore, in order to prevent such an undesired accompaniment sound from being generated, it is determined whether or not the accompaniment sound corresponding to the pitch-changed pitch information falls within the desired accompaniment sound range, and when it is determined that the accompaniment sound does not enter, the sound A technique has already been proposed for generating an accompaniment sound in the accompaniment sound range by changing the pitch of the high pitch information again (for example, see Japanese Patent Application No. 62-25232).

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] According to the above-described prior art, it is useful for the accompaniment pattern such as the normal pattern because it is possible to prevent the accompaniment sound from being generated outside the accompaniment sound range, but to make the automatic accompaniment change. Since the range limitation is applied to special accompaniment patterns such as fill-in patterns and ending patterns used, it is insufficient to perform a variety of automatic accompaniments by taking advantage of the peculiarities of this kind of pattern.

[Means for Solving Problems] An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic accompaniment device for an electronic musical instrument, which can perform a variety of automatic accompaniment while ensuring musical harmony.

The automatic accompaniment device for an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention applies range limitation to an accompaniment pattern such as a normal pattern that constitutes the main flow of automatic accompaniment, but fill-in patterns and endings used to give changes to the automatic accompaniment. The feature is that the range limitation is not applied to a special accompaniment pattern such as a pattern.

[Operation] According to the configuration of the present invention, in the main flow of automatic accompaniment, musical harmony can be ensured as much as possible to avoid accompaniment sound generation outside the desired accompaniment sound range, and fill-in pattern, ending pattern, etc. When it is used, its peculiarity can be fully exerted, so that a variety of automatic accompaniment is possible.

[Embodiment] FIG. 1 shows a circuit configuration of an electronic musical instrument provided with an automatic accompaniment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this electronic musical instrument, musical tones such as melody tones, chords and rhythm tones are produced. Is controlled by a microcomputer.

Circuit configuration (Fig. 1) Bus 10 has a melody keyboard circuit 12 and an accompaniment keyboard circuit.
14, control switch group 16, clock generator 18, central processing unit (CPU) 20, program memory 22, accompaniment data memory 2
4, a register group 26, a tone generator (TG) 28, etc. are connected.

The melody keyboard circuit 12 includes a melody keyboard such as an upper keyboard, and key operation information is detected for each key.

The accompaniment keyboard circuit 14 includes an accompaniment keyboard such as a lower keyboard, and key operation information is detected for each key.

The control switch group 16 includes various control switches for tone control and performance control. Control switches related to the implementation of the present invention include a rhythm type selection switch, a rhythm start / stop switch, a fill-in switch, and an ending switch. Etc. are included.

The clock generator 18 generates a clock signal, and this clock signal is used as an interrupt instruction signal for starting the clock interrupt routine of FIG.

The CPU 20 executes various processes for generating musical tones according to the program stored in the program memory 22 composed of a ROM (Read Only Memory). For these processes, refer to FIG. 11 to FIG. See below.

The accompaniment data memory 24 is a pattern ROM or table ROM.
The pattern ROM stores accompaniment pattern information as described later in FIGS. 7 to 10, and the table ROM stores various table information as described later in FIGS. 3 to 6. Is remembered.

The register group 26 includes a large number of registers used in various processes by the CPU 20, and registers related to the implementation of the present invention will be described later.

The TG28 generates accompaniment sound signals such as chords, and has four sound generation channels as an example, and can sound up to four sounds at the same time. As a tone generator, TG28
Besides, although there are provided those for melody sounds, those for rhythm sounds, etc., they are not shown.

The sound system 30 is for converting a musical tone signal from a tone generator such as TG28 into sound.

In the electronic musical instrument described above, the key pressing data corresponding to the key pressed on the keyboard and the pitch data forming the accompaniment pattern consist of key codes representing pitches, and the key code value is the pitch of each pitch. Each of them is predetermined as shown in FIG.

Contents stored in table ROM (FIGS. 3 to 6) The table ROM in the accompaniment data memory 24 includes a chord detection table CHDTBL (FIG. 3) and a group number table GRPT.
It includes a BL (Fig. 4) pitch correction table PMTBL (Fig. 5), a chord progression determination table SEQREF (Fig. 6), and the like.

The chord detection table CHDTBL is used to detect chords based on the key depression state on the accompaniment keyboard.It stores chord data for each chord name and the chord data corresponding to the lowest note in the key depression. ing. Each chord data is 8-bit data,
The upper 4 bits represent the chord type, and the lower 4 bits represent the root note.

As an example, a chord name having a root note as C has stored contents as shown in FIG.
The chord data representing C _M (the root note data and the chord type data both have a value of 0) is read out based on the key depression of. Note that in FIG. 3, the key names shown in parentheses may omit the key depression.

FIG. 3 shows a storage unit for the root note C, but storage units similar to this are also provided for root notes other than C, respectively.

In chord detection, the lowest note that is _pressed is taken into consideration because different chords can be detected for chords with the same key depression state, such as C _m7 and E ^b ₆ , C ₆ and A _m7, etc. Is. Thus, for example if you depressed the ^{C-E b -G-B b} , the lowest tone is C, G, if either B ^b, chord data is obtained representing a C _m7, lowest note in E ^b If so, chord data representing E ^b ₆ is obtained.

The group number table GRPTBL is for discriminating the chord type group to which each chord type belongs. As an example, the group number GNO corresponding to the chord type group is stored as shown in FIG. In this example, M, M ₇ ,
6 as major chord type group, and group number 0
, M, m ₇ , and ▲ m ^-5 ₇ ▼ as minor chord type groups and group number 1 assigned to them, and 7, 7 _SUS 4 as 7th type chord type groups and group number 2 assigned to them. .

In Fig. 4, the "TYPE" column is the chord type register.
Indicates the value of TYPE. The chord type data stored in this register TYPE is the chord type M, M ₇ , 6, m, m ₇ , ▲
m- ⁵ ₇ ▼, 7, 7 0, 1, 2, corresponding to _SUS 4 respectively
It takes a value of 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. By referring to the group number table GRPTBL using the chord type register TYPE, a group number (chord type group) corresponding to the value (chord type) of the register TYPE can be obtained.

The pitch correction table PMTBL is provided to correct the pitch data (key code) read from the pattern ROM so that no dissonant accompaniment sound is generated when the pitch is changed. As shown in FIG. 5, 0, −
The correction data having values such as 1 and -2 is stored.

In FIG. 5, the “TYPE” column shows the value of the chord type register TYPE, as in the case of FIG. In addition, "RKCN
In the section "T", the values of 4, 7, 9, etc. of the semitone register RKCNT are shown, and the note names of E, G, A etc. corresponding to each value are shown in parentheses. The pattern R is stored in the register RKCNT.
The semitone data corresponding to the note name of the key code read from the OM is stored. This semitone number data represents the number of semitones from the root note C, and takes any value of 0, 1 ... 11 corresponding to C, C ^# ... B, respectively.

The correction data to be read from the pitch correction table PMTBL is determined by the value of the register TYPE and the value of the register RKCNT.

The chord progression determination table SEQREF is provided to determine the transition mode to a specific chord (seventh in this embodiment). As an example, as shown in FIG. 6, 12 storage areas SEQREF _i (i = 0 to 11), and 8-bit determination reference data is stored for each storage area. Of the 8 bits of the judgment reference data, the lower 4 bits are pitch difference data representing the root pitch difference between the specific chord and the immediately preceding chord, and the upper 4 bits are the chord type immediately before the specific chord. This is the old chord type data to be represented. FIG. 6 illustrates, as an example, an old chord (a chord immediately before G ₇ ) corresponding to the determination reference data in each storage area when the current chord is G ₇ .

In FIG. 6, the column of “SEVPT” shows the value of the pattern number register SEGPT for Seventh. The pattern number data for Seventh stored in the register SEVPT takes any value of 0, 1 and 2 corresponding to the normal pattern for Seventh and the 0th and first variation patterns for Seventh, respectively. Here, the 0th variation pattern is a final accompaniment pattern, and the 1st variation pattern is a transitional accompaniment pattern.

A different value is set in the register SEVPT depending on what the chord immediately before the particular chord (Sevens) is.
That is, when the immediately preceding chord corresponds to any of the judgment reference data in the storage areas SEQREF _{0 to} SEQREF ₇ , the register SEVP
When T is set to 1 and any of the storage area SEQREF _{8 to} SEQREF ₁₁ judgment criteria data is met, the register SEVPT
2 is set to _{0 and the} register SEVPT is set to 0 when none of the judgment reference data of SEQREF _{0 to} SEQREF ₁₁ is met.

Storage Contents of Pattern ROM (FIGS. 7 to 10) The pattern ROM in the accompaniment pattern memory 24 stores data as shown in FIG. 7 for each rhythm type such as march and waltz. In other words, FIG. 7 shows the data format corresponding to a specific rhythm type in the stored contents of the pattern ROM.

In FIG. 7, SEQ is a sequence storage unit, PTN is a pattern storage unit, ADRS is a first address storage unit, and ADRS2 to ADR.
S4 is the second to fourth address storage unit, CHASS is the first pronunciation number storage unit, CHASS2 to CHASS4 is the second to fourth pronunciation number storage unit, UPLMT is the upper limit pitch storage unit, and QUANT is the tempo clock number. It is a storage unit.

The sequence storage unit SEQ stores the 0th, 1st and 2nd sequence storage units SEQ (0), SEQ (1) and SE corresponding to major, minor and seventh chord type groups, respectively.
Includes Q (2). All of the 0th to 2nd sequence storages store the pattern progression for 8 measures in the pattern number PN.
It stores 16-bit sequence data represented by an O array, and each pattern number is represented by 2 bits.

As an example, the 0th sequence storage unit SEQ (0) stores “0
The sequence data indicating the pattern progress such as "1230123" is stored, the sequence data indicating the pattern progress such as "01010101" is stored in the first sequence storage unit SEQ (1), and the sequence data indicating the pattern progress is stored in the second sequence storage unit. 012120
Sequence data such as 12 "indicating the pattern progression is stored.

The pattern storage unit PTN includes 0th, 1st and 2nd normal pattern storage units PTNM, PTNm and PTNS respectively corresponding to major, minor and seventh chord types.
A variation pattern storage unit PTNV, an ending pattern storage unit PTNE, and a fill-in pattern storage unit PTNF are included.

The 0th normal pattern storage unit PTNM stores pattern data representing 0th to 3rd normal patterns for one bar each designated by the sequence data of the 0th sequence storage unit SEQ (0).

The first normal pattern storage unit PTNm stores pattern data representing 0th and 1st normal patterns for one bar each designated by the sequence data of the first sequence storage unit SEQ (1). In the memory section PTNm,
If necessary, accompaniment patterns for two measures can be stored.

The second normal pattern storage unit PTNS stores pattern data representing the 0th to second normal patterns for one bar each designated by the sequence data of the second sequence storage unit SEQ (2). The accompaniment pattern for one bar can be further stored in the storage unit PTNS if necessary.

The variation pattern storage unit PTNV stores pattern data representing 0th and 1st variation patterns for one measure, respectively. The 0th and 1st variation patterns are for the 7th, and the pattern of the storage unit PTNS is used as the 7th normal pattern. When you specify a 7th chord on the accompaniment keyboard,
Whether to use the normal pattern or the 0th and 1st variation patterns is determined by the value of the above-described register SEVPT (pattern number for Seventh) and SEVP.
If T is 0, the normal pattern is selected. If T is 1, the 0th variation pattern is selected. If T is 2, the first variation pattern is selected. Therefore, with regard to the Seventh, a variety of automatic accompaniments can be performed by using three types of patterns.

When the sequence data and the pattern data are separately stored as described above and the pattern is selected and read out for each measure by the sequence data, when accompaniment patterns for eight measures are directly stored and read out in order of measures. In comparison, the amount of data to be stored is small. this is,
This is because, for example, even if the same pattern appears multiple times in 8 bars, only one pattern needs to be stored. Further, since the sequence data and the pattern data are stored for each chord type group such as the major type, the minor type, and the 7th type, the amount of data to be stored can be reduced as compared with the case of storing for each chord type.

The ending pattern storage section PTNE contains 2 measures (1
The fill-in pattern storage unit stores pattern data representing the ending patterns of the measure and the measure 2).
The PTNF stores pattern data representing a fill-in pattern for one bar.

The first address storage unit ADRS stores the start address of each normal pattern described above, and the second address storage unit ADRS2 stores the start address of each variation pattern described above. The start address of each normal pattern can be selected and read according to the group number (any of 0 to 2) and the pattern number (any of 0 to 3), and the start address of each variation pattern is the variation pattern. The data can be selected and read according to the number (0 or 1).

The third address storage unit ADRS3 stores the start address of each bar of the ending pattern described above.
The head address of the fill-in pattern described above is stored in the address storage unit ADRS4.

The first pronunciation number storage unit CHASS stores the pronunciation number data representing the simultaneous pronunciation number (any one of 1 to 4) of each normal pattern, and the second pronunciation number storage unit CHASS2 described above. Polyphony of each variation pattern (1
To 4) is stored.
The pronunciation data of each normal pattern can be selected and read according to the group number and the pattern number, as in the case of the above-mentioned normal pattern start address.
The pronunciation data of each variation pattern can be selected and read according to the variation pattern number, as in the case of the leading address of the variation pattern described above.

In the third pronunciation count storage unit CHASS3, the number of simultaneous pronunciations for each measure of the ending pattern described above (one of 1 to 4)
Is stored in the fourth pronunciation number storage unit CHASS4, and the number of simultaneous pronunciations of the fill-in pattern (one of 1 to 4) is stored.
Is stored.

The upper limit pitch storage unit UPLMT stores a key code (79 as an example, corresponding to the G ₅ note) that is the upper limit of the desired accompaniment tone range. The stored key code is used for controlling the pitch of the key code read from the pattern ROM so that the pitch after the modification falls within the accompaniment tone range.

The tempo clock number storage unit QUANT stores the number of tempo clocks per bar according to the time signature of the rhythm,
If 3 beats, 24 is stored, and if 4 beats, 32 is stored.

FIG. 8 shows a storage example of the pattern storage unit PTN. In this example, as in the case of FIG. 7, the storage unit PTNM
0th to 3rd normal patterns in the storage section PTNm, 0th and 1st normal patterns in the storage section PTNS, 0th to 2nd normal patterns in the storage section PTNV, and 0th and 2nd normal patterns in the storage section PTNV. The first variation pattern is 2 in the storage unit PTNE.
The ending pattern for each measure and the fill-in pattern for one measure are stored in the storage unit PTNF.

In FIG. 8, each rectangle such as T1 and T2 indicates a pitch data group forming a pattern, and each pattern is composed of a maximum of four pitch data groups. As an example, the major 0th normal pattern is composed of three pitch data groups T1 to T3, and if this pattern is used, up to three notes can be simultaneously pronounced. Similarly, for other patterns, the number of rectangles for each pattern corresponds to the number of sounds that can be sounded simultaneously.

Each pitch data group, as shown representatively for T1,
It is a sequence of key codes KC necessary for playing a single note for one measure in accordance with address progress.

The symbols "A", "B", ... "N" added to each pattern represent the start address of the corresponding pattern.

When the patterns are stored in the pattern storage unit PTN as described above, the storage contents of the first to fourth address storage units ADRS to ADRS4 and the first to fourth pronunciation number storage units CHASS
The storage contents of CHASS 4 are as follows. Here, for ADRS and CHASS, group number GNO
And the address specified by the pattern number PNO (GNO, P
NO), and for ADRS2 and CHASS2, the data specified by the variation pattern VNO is (VNO)
For ADRS3 and CHASS3, data designated by a value 0 or 1 of a bar counter BAR described later is represented as (0) or (1).

ADRS (0,0) = A (0,1) = B (0,2) = C (0,3) = D (1,0) = E (1,1) = F (2,0) = G (2,1) = H (2,2) = I ADRS2 (0) = J (1) = K ADRS3 (0) = L (1) = M ADRS4 = N CHASS (0,0) = 3 (0, 1) = 2 (0,2) = 2 (0,3) = 3 (1,0) = 2 (1,1) = 1 (2,0) = 1 (2,1) = 1 (2,2 ) = 3 CHASS2 (0) = 2 (1) = 4 CHASS3 (0) = 3 (1) = 2 CHASS4 = 4 FIG. 9 exemplifies the contents of various patterns.
TN indicates a normal pattern, FPTN indicates a fill-in pattern, and EPTN indicates an ending pattern. Here, the normal pattern NPTN includes four groups of the highest pitch T1, the second highest pitch T2, the third highest pitch T3, and the lowest pitch T4 as a pitch data group.

FIG. 10 shows a data format when the normal pattern NPTN of FIG. 9 is stored in the pattern storage unit PTN as pitch data groups T1 to T4. For convenience, unlike the case of FIG. Shows the arrangement of the key code KC. When the key code value is 0, it means that the key is off (non-sounding).

The address progress is shown by adding 0, 1, 2, ... To A, where A is the start address. In the case of 4-beat, there are 32 addresses (for example, A + 0 to A + 31 in T1) for one pitch data group, and
Multiply the QUANT value (32) by 0, 1, 2, and 3 to obtain A
In addition, the head addresses A + 0, A + 32, A + 64, A + 96 of the pitch data groups T1, T2, T3, T4 can be determined. Then, when a count value of a tempo clock counter, which will be described later, is added to each head address, if there is a key code to be sounded at that count value, up to four sounds can be sounded simultaneously. For example, if the count value of the tempo clock counter is 31, A + 31 for T1, A + 63 for T2, A + 95 for T3, A + for T4.
127 are each addressed, which allows four tones to be played simultaneously, each corresponding to a key code value of 67, 62, 59, 48.

In the case of 3 beats, the number of addresses for one pitch data group is 24 and the stored value of the storage unit QUANT is 24, but the addressing method is the same as in the case of 4 beats described above.

Register Group 26 Of the registers included in the register group 26, those relevant to the implementation of the present invention are listed below.

(1) Run flag RUN ... This is a 1-bit register, and 1 indicates that the rhythm is running, and 0 indicates that the rhythm is stopped.

(2) Mode flag FEFLG ... This is a 2-bit register, where 0 represents the normal mode, 1 represents the fill-in mode, and 2 represents the ending mode.

(3) Clock counter CLK ... This is the clock generator 1
It counts the clock signal from 8 and takes a count value of 0 to 95 in one bar, and it becomes 0 at the timing of 96.
Is reset to.

(4) Tempo clock counter TCLK ... This takes a different count value depending on the time signature. In the case of three time signatures, the counter value is incremented by 1 every 4 pulses of the clock signal, and 0 to within 1 bar. It takes a count value of 23, is reset to 0 at the timing of 24, and in the case of 4 beats, the count value increases by 1 every 3 pulses of the clock signal and takes a count value of 0 to 31 within one bar. , 32 is reset at 0.

(5) Bar counter BAR ... This has a counter CLK value of 96.
The count value is incremented by 1 at every timing (at the end of the bar) and takes a count value of 0 to 7 within 8 measures, and is reset to 0 at the timing at which the count value becomes 8 (at the end of the bar).

(6) Key code buffer register KEYBUF _{0 to} KEYBUF ₃ ...
These registers respectively correspond to the four tone generation channels of the TG28 and store the key code corresponding to the key pressed by the accompaniment keyboard.

(7) Chord buffer register CHDBUF ... This is an 8-bit register for storing the chord data read from the chord detection table CHDTBL based on the key depression state on the accompaniment keyboard. The chord type data and the root note data are stored in the lower 4 bits.

(8) Chord register for pronunciation CHORD ... This is the register CHD
It receives chord data from BUF and has the same structure as CHDBUF. When the rhythm is stopped, TG28 registers CH
The generation of chords is controlled according to the chord data of ORD.

(9) Old chord register OLDCHD ... This is the register CHORD
It receives chord data that has already been pronounced from CHOR.
Same as D.

(10) Old root register OLDRT ... This is register OLDCHD
Is to receive root sound data of lower 4 bits.

(11) Root note register ROOT ... This receives the root note data of the lower 4 bits from the register CHORD.

(12) Chord type register TYPE ... This is the register CHORD
From the upper 4 bits of the chord type data.

(13) Group number register GRP ... This is the group number detected using the group number table GRPTBL.
GNO (one of 0 to 2) is set.

(14) Seventh pattern number register SEVPT ... This is the one in which the seventh pattern number (0 to 2) is set.

(15) Pattern key code register PTNKC ... This stores the key code read from the pattern storage unit PTN.

(16) Semitone register RKCNT ... This is the pattern storage P
Halftone data representing the number of halftones corresponding to the note name of the key code read from the TN is stored.

(17) Sequence register PATSEQ ... This stores the sequence data read from the sequence storage unit SEQ.

(18) Pattern number register PTNO ... This is a register
The pattern number PNO (one of 0 to 3) read from PATSEQ is set.

(19) First address register PTADRS ... This is for setting the start address read from any of the first to fourth address storage units ADRS to ADRS4.

(20) Second address register PTADRS2 ... This is for setting the read address of the pattern storage unit PTN determined according to the data of the register PTADRS, the counter TCLK, the storage unit QUANT and the like.

(21) Correction data register ADDKC ... This stores the correction data read from the pitch correction table PMTBL.

(22) Number-of-sounds register CH This stores the number-of-sounds data read from any of the first to fourth number-of-sounds generation storage units CHASS to CHASS4.

(23) Chord comparison register CMPCHD ... This is an 8-bit register.
Old chord type data from DCHD is stored, and pitch difference data representing the root pitch difference calculated based on the root data of registers ROOT and OLDRT is stored in the lower 4 bits. .

(24) Pronunciation key code register KEYCOD: This is a key code register for pronunciation created based on the data of the registers PTNKC, ADDKC and ROOT. During rhythm running, the TG28 controls accompaniment sound generation in accordance with the key code of the register KEYCOD.

(25) Old key code registers OLDKEY _{0 to} OLDKEY ₃ ... These registers correspond to the four tone generation channels of the TG28, and receive the key code from the register KEYCOD and temporarily store it.

In addition, in the flow chart explained below, a.MOD.b
The calculation formula is as follows. This shows a remainder obtained by dividing a by b (integer operation) or obtained remainder.

Main Routine (FIG. 11) FIG. 11 shows the flow of processing of the main routine. In step 40, initialization processing is performed in response to power-on or the like. For example, 0 is set in the flag RUN.

Next, at step 41, it is judged if the rhythm start / stop switch (SW) is on. If the determination result is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 42.

In step 42, the value obtained by subtracting the value of the flag RUN from 1 is set to RUN. Therefore, when RUN is 0, RUN = 1 (rhythm running), and when RUN is 1, RUN = 0 (rhythm stop). After this, step 4
Move to 3.

In step 43, it is determined whether RUN is 1. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), the routine proceeds to step 44, where an initial set process relating to autorhythm and auto chord is performed.
That is, the flag FEFLG and the counters CLK, TCLK and BAR are all set to 0 and the registers OLDKEY _{0 to} O are set.
LDKEY ₃ is set to 0 and register OLDCHD
Is set to FF data in hexadecimal notation (data in which all bits are 1).

Upon completion of the processing in step 44, the process moves to step 45. In addition, the determination result of step 41 or 43 is negative (N).
If so, the process proceeds to step 45.

In step 45, it is determined whether RUN is 1, and it is 1 (Y).
If so, it is determined in step 46 whether the fill-in switch (SW) is on. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), the routine moves to step 47, and FE is set to enable the fill-in mode operation.
Set 1 to FLG.

When the process of step 47 is completed or when the determination result of step 45 is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 50.

If the determination result in step 46 is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 48, and it is determined whether the ending switch (SW) is on. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), the routine proceeds to step 49, where FEFLG is set to 2 and BAR is set to 0 to enable the operation in the ending mode.

When the process of step 49 is completed or when the determination result of step 48 is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 50.

In step 50, it is determined whether or not there is a key-on event on the accompaniment keyboard. If this determination result is affirmative (Y),
Moving to step 52, a key pressing process subroutine as described later with reference to FIG. 12 is executed.

When the processing of step 52 is completed or when the determination result of step 50 is negative (N), the routine proceeds to step 54, where it is determined whether or not there is a key-off event on the accompaniment keyboard.
If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), the routine proceeds to step 56, where a key release processing subroutine as described later with reference to FIG. 13 is executed.

When the process of step 56 is completed or when the determination result of step 54 is negative (N), the process moves to step 58 and other processes (for example, tone color selection, rhythm selection, etc.) are performed.

When the process of step 58 ends, the process returns to step 41 and the above-described process is repeated.

Key-pressing process subroutine (Fig. 12) Steps in the key-pressing process subroutine in Fig. 12
At 60, it is determined whether or not there is an empty register KEYBUF _{0 to} KEYBUF ₃ .
If the result of this determination is negative (N), it is not possible to retrieve the key depression data, and the routine returns to the routine of FIG.

If the determination result in step 60 is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 62, and the key code corresponding to the key with the key-on event is written in the empty KEYBUF. Then, the process proceeds to step 64.

In step 64, the chord data corresponding to the contents of KEYBUF _{0 to} KEYBUF ₃ is read from the chord detection table CHDTBL and placed in the register CHDBUF. Then, the process proceeds to Step 66.

In step 66, it is determined whether RUN is 1. If the result of this determination is negative (N), the routine proceeds to step 68, where the chord data of CHDBUF is placed in the register CHORD. Then, the process proceeds to step 70.

In step 70, the TG 28 is controlled in accordance with the chord data of CHORD to generate the chord corresponding to the depressed state. After that, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

If the determination result of step 66 is affirmative (Y), the routine returns to the routine of FIG. in this case
Since RUN = 1 (rhythm running), auto rhythm and auto chord performance are performed according to the clock interrupt routine described later with reference to FIG.

Key release processing subroutine (Fig. 13) Steps in the key release processing subroutine of Fig. 13
At 80, it is determined whether or not there is the same key code as the key (key release) having the key-off event in the registers KEYBUF _{0 to} KEYBUF ₃ . If the result of this determination is negative (N), it means that there was a key-off event unrelated to the sound being sounded.
Return to the routine shown.

If the determination result of step 80 is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 82, and 0 is set to KEYBUF having the same key code. Then, the process proceeds to step 84.

In step 84, it is determined whether the flag RUN is 1. If the determination result is affirmative (Y), the routine returns to the routine shown in FIG. 11 as in the case of step 66 described above.

If the determination result in step 84 is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 86, and the chord data is read from the chord detection table CHDTBL in accordance with the contents of KEYBUF _{0 to} KEYBUF ₃ , and is stored in the register CHDBUF. Then, the process proceeds to step 88.

In step 88, the chord data of CHDBUF is stored in the register CHOR.
Put it in D. Then, the process proceeds to step 90, and the TG 28 is controlled according to the chord data of CHORD so that the chord corresponding to the key-depressed state after key release is sounded. As a result, if the key corresponding to one of the four tones is released, for example, the remaining three tones will continue to be produced.

When the processing of step 90 is completed, the routine returns to the routine of FIG.

Clock Interrupt Routine (FIG. 14) FIG. 14 shows the process flow of the clock interrupt routine, and this routine is started each time a clock pulse is generated from the clock generator 18.

First, in step 100, it is determined whether the flag RUN is 1.
If the determination result is negative (N), the process returns to the routine of FIG.

If the determination result of step 100 is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 102. In this step 102, It is determined whether or not the calculation result by the calculation formula In this calculation formula, CLK represents the count value of the counter CLK, and QUANT represents the storage value of the storage unit QUANT.

In the case of 3 beats, QUANT = 24, so 96 / QUANT is 4
Therefore, the determination result of step 102 is affirmative (Y) every four clocks. In case of 4 beats, QUANT = 32
Therefore, 96 / QUANT becomes 3, and the determination result in step 102 becomes affirmative (Y) every 3 clocks.

If the determination result of step 102 is negative (N), the first
The process returns to the routine of FIG. 1, but if the result is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 104.

In step 104, the selected rhythm type and counter T
Rhythm generation processing is performed according to the CLK value. That is, the rhythm pattern corresponding to the selected rhythm type is referred to, and if there is a rhythm sound to be sounded at the timing corresponding to the count value of TCLK, it is sounded. Then, the process proceeds to step 106.

In step 106, an accompaniment pronunciation subroutine as described later with reference to FIG. 15 is executed. This subroutine is for automatically generating chords using the accompaniment pattern corresponding to the selected rhythm type.

Next, at step 108, the value of TCLK is incremented by 1, and then the routine proceeds to step 110, where it is determined whether the calculation result by the calculation formula TCLK.MOD.8 is 0. In this calculation formula, TCLK represents the count value of the counter TCLK. When the calculation result is 0, it means that it is the beginning of a beat.

If the determination result of step 110 is affirmative (Y) (beginning of beat), the process proceeds to step 112, and register C
Put the chord data of HORD into register OLDCHD. And
Move to step 114, chord data of register CHDBUF is CHO
Put in RD. Therefore, in the case of auto chord, even if new chord data is set in CHDBUF by changing the chord in the middle of a certain beat, the new chord data is set in CHORD at the timing of the beginning of the next beat. From this timing, accompaniment based on the new chord data becomes possible.

When the process of step 114 is completed or when the determination result of step 110 is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 116 and the value of the counter CLK is incremented by 1. Then, the process proceeds to step 118.

In step 118, it is determined whether the CLK value is 96 (end of bar). If the determination result is negative (N), the process returns to the routine of FIG.

If the determination result of step 118 is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 119 and it is determined whether FEFLG is 1 (fill-in mode). If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), the routine proceeds to step 120, where FEFLG is set to 0. As a result, the fill-in accompaniment for one bar ends, and the mode returns to the normal mode.

When the processing of step 120 is completed or when the determination result of step 119 is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 121, and the counters CLK and TCLK are set to 0. Then, in step 122, the value of the counter BAR is incremented by 1, and then in step 123, it is determined whether the value of BAR is 8. If the determination result is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 124.

In step 124, it is determined whether BAR is 2 and FEFLG is 2 (whether the ending accompaniment for two measures is over). If the result of this judgment is affirmative (Y), the routine moves to step 125, where RUN and
Set 0 to FEFLG. As a result, the automatic accompaniment is stopped.

When the processing of step 125 is completed or when the determination result of step 124 is negative (N), the routine returns to the routine of FIG.

If the determination result in step 123 is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 126 and BAR is set to 0. Thus, when 0 is set to BAR at the end of 8 measures, the automatic accompaniment for 8 measures is completed, and thereafter, the automatic accompaniment for 8 measures is repeated again in the same manner as the previous time.

When the processing of step 126 is completed, the routine returns to the routine of FIG.

Accompaniment pronunciation subroutine (Fig. 15) Steps in the accompaniment pronunciation subroutine of Fig. 15
In 130, it is judged whether FEFLG is 1 (fill-in mode),
If not 1 (N), the process proceeds to step 131.

In step 131, it is determined whether FEFLG is 2 (ending mode), and if it is not 2 (N), the process proceeds to step 132, and the upper 4-bit data (chord type data) of the register CHORD is set in the register TYPE. Then, the process proceeds to step 133.

In step 133, it is determined whether the value of TYPE is 6 (seventh). If the determination result is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 134.

In step 134, the group number GNO corresponding to the TYPE value (chord type) is read from the group number table GRPTBL.
(Chord type group) is detected and set in the register GRP.
Then, the process proceeds to step 136.

In step 136, the sequence data corresponding to the group number of the GRP is read from the storage unit SEQ and stored in the register PATS.
Put it in the EQ. Then, the process proceeds to step 138.

In step 138, the pattern number PNO of the bar corresponding to the value of the counter BAR is read from PATSEQ and is registered in the register PTNO.
Put in. For example, the storage unit S of FIG.
When the major sequence data of EQ (0) is selected and the value of BAR is 0, PNO = 0 of the first measure
Set to PTNO.

Next, at step 140, the start address of the normal pattern designated by the value of GRP (group number) and the value of PTNO (pattern number) is read from the storage unit ADRS and is stored in the register PTADRS. For example, as described above, SEQ (0)
When the sequence data of is selected, the storage unit
Assuming that the pattern data is stored in the PTM as described above with reference to FIG. 8, if GRP = 0 and PTNO = 0, the leading address A of the 0th normal pattern in the storage unit PTNM is set in PTADRS. After this, the process proceeds to step 142.

In step 142, GR is the same as in step 140 above.
The tone number data of the normal pattern designated by P and PTNO is read out and placed in the register CH. And step 14
Go to 4.

In step 144, a pattern reading subroutine is executed as described later with reference to FIG. This subroutine is for reading out the key code which constitutes the accompaniment pattern and controlling the accompaniment sound generation. Step 144
After that, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

By the way, when the result of the determination in step 133 is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 145, and the subroutine of the seventh process is executed as described later with reference to FIG.
This subroutine is to set the pattern number for Seventh of 0 to 2 in the register SEVPT according to the mode of transition to Seventh. After step 145, the process moves to step 146.

In step 146, it is determined whether the value of SEVPT is 0 (a normal pattern for Seventh). If the determination result is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 134, and the subsequent processes are executed in the same manner as described above.

If the determination result of step 146 is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 147. In this step 147, SEVPT
The leading address of the variation pattern designated by subtracting 1 from the value of (variation pattern number) is read from the storage unit ADRS2 and placed in PTADRS. Then, the process proceeds to step 148.

In step 148, as in step 147 above, SE
The pronunciation data of the variation pattern designated by VPT-1 is read from the storage unit CHASS2 and placed in CH.

After this, similarly to the above, the process of step 144 is performed and the process returns to the routine of FIG.

When the determination result of step 130 is affirmative (Y) (in the fill-in mode), the process proceeds to step 149A. In this step 149A, the start address of the fill-in pattern is read from the storage unit ADRS4 and put into PTADRS, and the pronunciation data of the fill-in pattern is stored in the storage unit CHAS.
Put in the CH read from S4. Then, after the processing of step 144, the routine returns to the routine of FIG.

When the determination result of step 131 is affirmative (Y) (in the ending mode), the process proceeds to step 149B. In this step 149B, the starting address of the ending pattern specified by the value of BAR is read from the storage unit ADRS3 and put into PTADRS, and the pronunciation data of the ending pattern specified by the value of BAR is read from the storage unit CHASS3 and CH. Put in. Then, after the processing of step 144, the routine returns to the routine of FIG.

Seventh processing sub routine (FIG. 16) In the seventh processing subroutine of FIG. 16, in step 150, the lower 4 bits (root note data) of the register CHORD is placed in the register ROOT. Then, the process proceeds to step 152.

At step 152, the lower 4 bits (root note data) of the register OLDCHD are put into the register OLDRT. Then, the process proceeds to step 154.

In step 154, the calculation result by the calculation formula (ROOT-OLDRT + 12) .MOD.12 is put in the lower 4 bits of the register CMPCHD. In this formula, ROOT is a register
ROOTRT represents the value of ROOT, OLDRT represents the value of register OLDRT, and 12 is added to (ROOT-OLDRT) to prevent the difference from becoming negative. According to this formula, it is possible to find the root pitch difference (the number of semitones from 0 to 11) between the 7th chord and the chord immediately before it.
Pitch difference data representing the root pitch difference is stored in the bit portion.

Next, in step 156, the upper 4 bits of OLDCHD (old chord type data) are set in the upper 4 bits of CMPCHD. Then, the process proceeds to step 158.

In step 158, the control variable i is set to 0. And
In step 160, it is determined whether the determination reference data of the i-th storage area SEQREF _{i in} the chord progression determination table SEQREF and the data of CMPCHD match. If the determination result is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 162.

In step 162, the value of i is incremented by 1. And
In step 164, it is determined whether i is 12 or more. When i = 0 is reached in step 158 for the first time, the determination result is negative (N) since i = 1, and the process returns to step 160. In this way the storage area SEQRE
If no match is obtained even if the contents of F _{0 to} SEQREF ₁₁ are sequentially compared with the contents of CMPCHD, the determination result of step 164 becomes affirmative (Y), and the process proceeds to step 166.

In step 166, 0 is set in the register SEVPT.
Then, the process returns to the routine of FIG. In this case, in the routine of FIG. 15, the processing of steps 134 to 144 is performed, and the accompaniment sound is generated according to the normal pattern for Seventh.

In the above sequential comparison, when the determination result of step 160 is affirmative (Y) (a match is obtained),
Go to step 168.

In step 168, it is determined whether i is greater than 7 (whether a transitional accompaniment pattern should be selected). If the determination result is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 170 and SEVPT is set to 1. Then, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

If the determination result of step 168 is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 172, and SEVPT is set to 2. Then, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

When the routine returns to the routine shown in FIG. 16 through step 168 or 172, step 14 in the routine shown in FIG.
The processes of 7, 148 and 144 are performed, and the accompaniment sound is generated according to the variation pattern of the variation pattern number 0 or 1.

Pattern Reading Subroutine (FIG. 17) In the pattern reading subroutine of FIG. 17, in step 180, the control variable i is set to zero. Then, the process proceeds to step 182.

In step 182, the calculation result by the calculation formula PTADRS + TCLK + i × QUANT is put into the register PTADRS2. In this formula, PTADRS is the value of the register PTADRS, TCLK is the value of the counter TCLK, and QUANT is the value stored in the storage unit QUANT (24
Or 32) respectively. According to this calculation formula, the read address of the pattern memory PTN can be determined, and P
The determined read address is set in TADRS2. For example, when step 182 first comes after step 180, i = 0. Therefore, if PTADRS is A shown in FIG. 9 and TCLK = 0, PTADRS2 has the start address of T1 in FIG. (A + 0) is set. After this, step
Move to 184.

In step 184, the data of the address designated by PTADRS2 is read from the storage unit PTN and is stored in the register PTNKC. Then, the process proceeds to step 186.

In step 186, it is determined whether the value of PTNKC is 0 (non-sounding). If this determination is negative (N), step
Moving to 188, the calculation result by the calculation formula PTNKC.MOD.12 is put into the register RKCNT. In this calculation formula, PTNKC represents the key code value of the register PTNKC. According to this calculation formula, the number of semitones corresponding to the note name of the PTNKC key code (0
~ 11) can be obtained, and semitone number data representing the semitone number from the root note C is stored in RKCNT. After this, the process proceeds to step 190.

In step 190, the correction data corresponding to the contents of the register TYPE and RKCNT is read from the pitch correction table PMTBL and put in the register ADDKC. Then, the process proceeds to step 192.

At step 192, the calculation result by the calculation formula PTNKC + ADDKC + ROOT is put into the register KEYCOD. In this formula, PTNKC, ADDKC, and ROOT are the registers PTNK
The values of C, ADDKC and ROOT are shown. According to this calculation formula, the key code of the pattern stored with the root note C as a reference is changed according to the root note of the chord specified by the accompaniment keyboard, and at the same time, there is no dissonance. The pitch can be corrected according to the correction data so that it does not become a sound. For example, if you specify a chord A _m in the accompaniment keyboard, TYPE = 3, ROOT
= 9. In this case, assuming that PTNKC = 40 (E ₂ ), RKCNT becomes 4 and ADDKC becomes −1. Thus, 40-1 + 9 = 48 (C 3) is set in the KEYCOD. After step 192, the process moves to step 193.

In step 193, is FEFLG 0 (normal mode)?
judge. If the determination result is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 194 to enable the range limitation, and if negative (N), the process proceeds to step 198 to avoid the range limitation.

In step 194, it is determined whether the value of KEYCOD is larger than the value of the storage unit UPLMT (whether it exceeds the upper limit pitch). If the result of this judgment is affirmative (Y), then the procedure proceeds to step 196, where the value obtained by subtracting 12 from the KEYCOD value (lowered by one octave) is KE.
Set in YCOD. Then, the process returns to step 194 and the same determination as above is performed again. Such processing is done by KEYCOD
Is performed until the value of becomes equal to or lower than the value of UPLMT, and the value of KEYCOD finally corresponds to the pitch below the upper limit.

When the determination result of step 194 is originally negative (N) or when the result of the process of step 196 is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 198.

In step 198, it is determined whether the value of KEYCOD matches the value of the i-th old key code register OLDKEY _i (previous key code value). If the result of this judgment is negative (N), the key code of KEYCOD is set to OLDKEY _i in step 200, then the process proceeds to step 202, and T is set according to the key code of KEYCOD.
Controls the tone generation of the i-th channel (first channel 0) of G28. As a result, if the key code value 48 is set in KEYCOD as in the above example, the corresponding C ₃
The sound is pronounced. In addition, when a next sound is to be sounded while a certain sound is being sounded, the previous sound is rapidly decelerated and then the subsequent sound is sounded.

The above is the flow of processing when the determination result of step 186 is negative (N).
When the determination result of 6 is affirmative (Y), the flow of processing is as follows. That is, in this case, since the value of PTNKC is 0 (non-pronunciation), the process proceeds to step 204 without performing the processes of steps 188 to 196.

At step 204, the value (0) of PTNKC is put into KEYCOD. Then, the process proceeds to step 198, where the KEYCOD value (0) is O.
Determine if it matches the value of LDKEY _i . If this determination result is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 200, and the value (0) of KEYCOD is put into OLDKEY _i .

After that, in step 202, the i-th channel of the TG 28 (the 0-th channel at the beginning) is controlled to stop sounding according to the KEYCOD value (0).

Whether the determination result in step 186 is negative or positive, the process proceeds to step 206 after step 202. If the determination result of step 198 is affirmative (Y), it is not necessary to start or stop the sound generation, and thus the process proceeds to step 206 without passing through steps 200 and 202.

In step 206, the value of i is incremented by 1. And
In step 208, it is determined whether i is smaller than the value of the register CH. The CH stores the pronunciation data indicating the number of notes that can be simultaneously pronounced for the selected accompaniment pattern. If the value of this data is 1, when step 208 first comes to step 208, Is 1, the determination result is negative (N), and the process returns to the routine of FIG. This is the case, for example, where the pattern is composed of a single pitch data group, such as the pattern shown in FIG.

When the pattern is composed of a plurality of pitch data groups as shown in, for example, T1 to T3 of FIG. 8, the determination result of step 208 becomes affirmative (Y), and the process returns to step 182. Then, in step 208, the above-described processing is repeated until i = CH, and when i = CH, the process returns to the routine of FIG. As a result, for example, as described above with reference to FIG. 10, a plurality of tones (up to 4 tones) can be sounded simultaneously.

Modifications The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be implemented in various modified forms. For example,
The following changes are possible.

(1) Although the upper limit (high tone side limit) is set as the limit of the accompaniment sound range, the lower limit (low tone side limit) may be set, or both the upper and lower limits may be set.

(2) The accompaniment tone range is determined in consideration of the contents of the accompaniment pattern, but may be determined in consideration of the accompaniment tone color and the like.

(3) Although the automatic chord is exemplified as the automatic accompaniment, the present invention can be applied to the automatic bass and the like.

(4) A plurality of fill-in patterns may be prepared and appropriately selected and used. This also applies to the ending pattern.

(5) The fill-in pattern and the ending pattern have lengths of one bar and two bars, respectively, but needless to say, they are not limited to such lengths. When a plurality of fill-in patterns or ending patterns are used, their lengths may be different.

(6) Instead of specifying chords on the keyboard, chord specifying operators such as C major, C minor, etc. may be provided, and chords may be specified by operating these operators.

As described above, according to the present invention, the range limitation is applied to the accompaniment pattern such as the normal pattern, and the range limitation is not applied to the accompaniment pattern such as the fill-in pattern and the ending pattern. Therefore, it is possible to enjoy a variety of automatic accompaniment without musical incongruity.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of an electronic musical instrument having an automatic accompaniment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing key code values for each pitch, and FIG. The figure which shows the memory content of the memory | storage part regarding the root C in the chord detection table CHDTBL, FIG. 4 is a figure which shows the memory content of the group number table GRPTBL, and FIG. 5 is the figure which shows the memory content of the pitch correction table PMTBL. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing stored contents of a chord progression determination table SEQREF. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing stored contents of a pattern ROM. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing stored examples of a pattern storage unit PTN. FIG. 10 is a staff diagram showing the contents of various patterns. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a storage data format of a normal pattern NPTN. FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a main routine. FIG. 12 is a key press process. Flowchart showing a subroutine , FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a key release processing subroutine, FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a clock interrupt routine, FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing an accompaniment sounding subroutine, and FIG. 16 is a seventh processing subroutine. FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a pattern reading subroutine. 10 ... bus, 14 ... accompaniment keyboard circuit, 16 ... control switch group, 18 ... clock generator, 20 ... central processing unit, 22
...... Program memory, 24 ... Accompaniment data memory, 26 ...
… Registers, 28 …… Tone generator, 30 …… Sound system.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A chord designating unit for designating a chord, and (b) pitch information of a first group corresponding to a first accompaniment pattern and a pitch of a second group corresponding to a second accompaniment pattern. A storage unit for storing information; (c) a mode selecting means for selecting the first or second mode; (d) a clock generator for generating a clock signal; (e) the storage based on the clock signal Reading means for reading pitch information from the section, and reading pitch information of the first group when the first mode is selected,
When the second mode is selected, the pitch information of the second group is read instead of the pitch information of the first group for a predetermined period, and (f) this reading First pitch changing means for changing the pitch of the pitch information read out by the means according to the chord designated by the chord designating means and transmitting the pitch information; and (g) the first pitch changing means. An automatic accompaniment device for an electronic musical instrument, comprising: an accompaniment sound generation means for generating an accompaniment sound based on pitch information, (h) means for generating limit information corresponding to a desired limit of an accompaniment sound range, and (i) Only when the first mode is selected, the pitch information from the first pitch changing means is compared with the limit information so that the accompaniment sound corresponding to the pitch information falls within the accompaniment tone range. Determining means for determining whether or not (j) it is determined that this determination means does not enter Second pitch changing means for changing the pitch so that the corresponding accompaniment sound falls within the accompaniment tone range and transmitting the pitch information relating to the determination when the accompaniment sound generating means determines the determining means. When it is determined that the accompaniment sound is not generated, the accompaniment sound is generated based on the pitch information from the second pitch changing means instead of the pitch information from the first pitch changing means. A featured automatic accompaniment device for electronic musical instruments. 2. The automatic accompaniment apparatus for an electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the second accompaniment pattern is a fill-in pattern or an ending pattern.