JP3097382B2 - Chord detector - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a chord detecting device for automatic accompaniment such as an auto bass chord and the like, and more particularly, to generating root note information based on one key press in an accompaniment key range, and to generating the root note information. By generating chord information on the basis of and a note name corresponding to a key depression in a performance key range, various chords can be easily specified.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been known an automatic accompaniment apparatus for performing an automatic accompaniment such as an auto-bass chord based on a chord specified by a keyboard and an accompaniment pattern of, for example, one bar stored in a memory. As a chord designation means in this type of apparatus, an SF (single finger) type is known.

In the chord designation of the SF system, a measure is designated by pressing only one root note in the accompaniment key range, a minor is designated by pressing a black key at the same time as the root key, and a minor is designated at the same time as the root key. Pressing the white key specifies the seventh, and pressing the white key and the black key simultaneously with the root key specifies the minor seventh.

[0004]

According to the above-described SF-type chord designating means, (a) a plurality of fingers are required to designate a chord other than a measure, and the operation is troublesome;
(B) Only four types of chords can be designated, and there are problems such as a small number.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel chord detecting device capable of specifying various chords with a simple operation of one finger.

[0006]

According to the present invention, there is provided a chord detecting apparatus comprising: a keyboard means having a first key area for playing and a second key area for accompaniment; and a key pressed in the second key area. A root note information generating means for generating root note information indicating a root of a chord corresponding to one key; and a key pressed in the first key range .
Detecting means for detecting, and detecting the key by the detecting means.
Tone generating means for generating a tone signal corresponding to the key and the key
When the note name of said key each time the key is detected by said detecting means
And sound name information generating means for generating a sound name information to indicate, the
Root note information from root note information generating means and the note name information generating means
Chord type is detected and detected based on the note name information from the step
Chord generating chord type information indicating a chord type related to
It includes a type detection unit, root note information and the chord type from the root information generating means as the chord designation information for automatic accompaniment
And chord type information from the class detection means .

[0007]

According to the configuration of the present invention, when any one key is pressed in the second key range for accompaniment, the root note information generating means is pressed.
Generate root note information corresponding to the key. Also, the first for performance
When you play the melody or the like in the key range, detection means is pressed
Detected key Each time the detection means detects a pressed key
The tone generator generates a tone signal corresponding to the key pressed
Therefore, a melody performance sound can be generated. Sound
In the information generating means, each time the detecting means detects the pressed key,
Is generated to indicate the note name of the key pressed.
The chord type detecting means receives the root note information from the root note information generating means.
Chord type based on the note name information from the note name information generating means
Chord type information indicating the type of chord to be detected
Generate information. Root note information and sum from root note information generating means
The chord type information from the sound type detection means is used for summation for automatic accompaniment.
Used as sound designation information. Therefore, only one finger is required for the chord designation, and various chord designations suitable for performance contents such as melody can be made. According to this invention
In the chord detection device, the chord type detection means may include a plurality of chord types.
Indicates the note name designation status for each of the chord types
A first storage unit storing comparison data, and the root information
Root note information from the generating means and the note name information generating means
Note name data indicating the note name designation state according to the note name information of
And a second storage unit for storing, the sound of the second storage unit
Name data is compared with the comparison data in the first storage unit.
Supports comparison data where note name data and note name designation status match
The type of chord to be played may be detected. in this way
Then, the chord type suitable for the performance content such as melody etc. is simplified.
Simple and reliable detection is possible. Also like this
In the chord detecting device, the chord type detecting means is
A predetermined number of comparison data in the first storage unit
The note name data in the second storage unit in accordance with the priority order.
The data may be compared with the comparison data in the first storage unit.
No. By doing so, the note name data of the second storage unit sound and
When there are multiple comparison data that match the note name designation status
More reliable chord types that match the performance of the melody etc.
Can be detected, especially for many chord types
Advantageous when a large number of comparison data are stored in the first storage unit
Becomes

[0008] In this specification, "chord" means not only in a narrow sense of "chord name group to which a chord name (chord name) can be assigned", but also "different pitches which should be pronounced simultaneously at the same time." A plurality of musical tones having the same meaning.

[0009]

FIG. 1 shows an electronic musical instrument provided with an automatic accompaniment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this electronic musical instrument, the generation of manual performance sounds and automatic accompaniment sounds is controlled by a microcomputer. It has become. In addition, the automatic accompaniment sound includes auto chord (backing)
Sound, auto bass sound, etc. can be generated. In FIG. 1, the hatched signal lines are multi-bit signal lines.

On the bus 10, a keyboard circuit 12, a switch (SW) circuit 14, a CPU (central processing unit) 16, a program memory 18, a working memory 20, a chord table memory 22, an automatic accompaniment device 24, and a TG (tone generator) 26 and the like are connected.

The keyboard circuit 12 is, for example, a one-step keyboard KB.
Contains. On the keyboard KB, a melody performance is usually performed in the right key range, and an accompaniment such as a chord is performed in the left key range. The keyboard KB is provided with key switches for each key, and by scanning these key switches, key operation information is detected for each key. For each key of the keyboard KB, a key code value is determined corresponding to the pitch as shown in FIG.

The switch circuit 14 includes various switches provided on the panel surface. Switches related to the embodiment of the present invention include the following (1) and (2).

(1) Start / Stop switch: This is a command for starting or stopping automatic accompaniment.

(2) Accompaniment style selection switch: This switch is used to select any one of a plurality of accompaniment styles such as rock and waltz, and is usually operated before the start of automatic accompaniment. For a plurality of accompaniment styles, style numbers such as 0, 1, 2,.

In the switch circuit 14, operation information is detected for each switch by scanning various switches.

The CPU 16 executes various processes for generating a manual performance sound and an automatic accompaniment sound in accordance with a program stored in a program memory 18 comprising a ROM (Read Only Memory). It will be described later with reference to FIGS.

The working memory 20 is composed of a RAM (random access memory), and includes a storage area used as a register, a counter, and the like when the CPU 16 performs various processes. Registers related to the implementation of the present invention will be described later.

The chord table memory 22 is composed of a ROM, and as shown in FIG. 3, stores a plurality of chord types having numbers 0, 1, 2,... For each chord type. Each comparison data is 12-bit data corresponding to the twelve pitch names of C, C ^# ... B. For example, for a measure of number 2, a comparison is made such that the two bits corresponding to C and E are 1 and the other bits are 0. Data and comparison data in which 3 bits corresponding to C, E, and G are 1 and other bits are 0 are stored. The priority order of the comparison data corresponding to the chord types of numbers 0, 1, 2,... Is determined in advance so that the order decreases as the number increases from number 0.

The automatic accompaniment device 24 performs auto chord and auto bass based on chord designation information (root note information and chord type information) detected from the performance information of the keyboard KB and accompaniment patterns stored in the memory for each accompaniment style. Etc. can be generated.

The TG 26 can generate a manual performance sound signal such as a melody sound signal in accordance with key press information from the right key range of the keyboard KB.

The mixer 28 mixes the automatic accompaniment sound signal from the automatic accompaniment device 24 with the manual performance sound signal from the TG 26 and supplies the mixed signal to the sound system 30.
The sound system 30 converts a tone signal as a mixed output of the mixer 28 into sound.

Among the registers in the working memory 20, those related to the embodiment of the present invention are listed as the following (1) to (8).

(1) Run flag RUN: This is a 1-bit register. If it is 1, it indicates that automatic accompaniment is being performed, and if it is 0, it indicates that automatic accompaniment is stopped.

(2) Chord type detection registers CHD, X
.., These registers are C, C ^# .
12-bit data corresponding to the 12-note name can be stored, and each is used to detect a chord type. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
The tone name values of 0, 1,... 11 are defined corresponding to the twelve tone names of C ^# .

(3) Style number register SNO... This register sets the style number corresponding to the accompaniment style selected by the accompaniment style selection switch.

(4) Minimum pitch register MIN ...
Note name value of the lowest pitch key among the keys pressed in the left key range (0 to 0)
11) is set.

(5) Root register RT. This register is used to set the pitch name value (any one of 0 to 11) of the root of a chord.

(6) Chord type register TP... This is a number corresponding to the type of chord (numbers 0, 1, 2,... In FIG. 3).
Is set.

(7) Key code register KC ...
A key code corresponding to a key pressed in the right key range is set.

(8) Note name value register NT: This is to set the note name value (any one of 0 to 11) of the key pressed in the right key range.

FIG. 5 shows the flow of the processing of the main routine. This routine starts when the power is turned on or the like.

In step 40, an initial setting process is performed to initialize various registers. And step 42
To determine whether there is a key event such as key-on or key-off on the keyboard KB. This determination result is positive (Y)
If so, the process moves to step 44, where a key processing subroutine is executed as described later with reference to FIG.

When the result of the determination at step 42 is negative (N) or when the process at step 44 has been completed, the routine proceeds to step 46, where it is determined whether or not the start / stop switch has an ON event. This determination result is positive (Y)
If so, in step 48, the value of the flag RUN is inverted.
That is, if the value of the flag RUN is 0, it is set to 1, and if it is 1, it is set to 0.

Next, at step 50, it is determined whether or not the value of the flag RUN is 1, and if it is 1 (Y), a start signal is outputted to the automatic accompaniment device 24 at step 52. As a result, automatic accompaniment is started. Thereafter, in step 54, the register CHD is cleared.

If the decision result in the step 50 is negative (N), the process moves to a step 56, where the automatic accompaniment device 24
Output stop signal to As a result, the automatic accompaniment is stopped.

When the result of the determination at the step 46 is negative (N), or when the processing at the step 54 or 56 is completed, the routine proceeds to a step 58, where it is determined whether or not the accompaniment style selection switch has an ON event. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), the operation proceeds to step 60, where the style number corresponding to the selected accompaniment style is stored in the register SN.
Set to O. Then, in a step 62, the style number of the register SNO is output to the automatic accompaniment device 24. As a result, in the device 24, the accompaniment pattern corresponding to the style number of the register SNO is selected.

When the result of the determination at the step 58 is negative (N) or when the processing at the step 62 is completed, other processing such as tone color selection is performed at a step 64. Then, the process returns to step 42, and the subsequent processing is repeated in the same manner as described above.

FIG. 6 shows a key processing subroutine. In step 70, it is determined whether or not a key event has occurred in the left key area. If the determination result is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 72, where it is determined whether the key event is a key-on event. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), the flow proceeds to step 76.

In step 76, a key code corresponding to the lowest pitch key of the keys depressed in the left key range (or key when only one key is depressed) is set in the register MIN. In step 78, the key code value of the register MIN is divided by 12 (integer operation) to obtain a remainder, and the remainder is set in the register RT. The remainder obtained at this time is any of 0 to 11 and corresponds to the pitch name of the root note. Therefore, pressing any one key in the left key range specifies the root of a chord. The register TP is set to 0 (corresponding to the chord type "1 degree").

Next, at step 78, the register CHD
Clear Then, the process proceeds to a step 80, wherein the bit corresponding to the value of the register RT in the register CHD is set to 1
To For example, if the value of the register RT is 4, the bit corresponding to the pitch name E is set to 1 as shown in FIG.

If the result of the determination in step 70 is negative (N), it means that a key event has occurred in the right key range, and in step 82 it is determined whether the key event is a key-on event. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), the routine proceeds to step 84, where sound generation processing is performed. That is, a key code and a sounding instruction signal corresponding to the pressed key are supplied to the TG 26 to generate a manual performance sound signal corresponding to the key. Then, the process proceeds to a step 86.

In step 86, a key code corresponding to the pressed key is set in the register KC. Then, the process proceeds to a step 88, wherein the register K is stored in the same manner as the step 76.
The pitch name value corresponding to the key code of C is obtained, and the pitch name value is set in the register NT.

Next, at step 90, the register CHD
, The bit corresponding to the value of the register NT is set to 1. For example, if the value of the register NT is 7, the bit corresponding to the pitch name G is set to 1 as shown in FIG. Then, the process proceeds to a step 92, wherein a chord detection subroutine is executed as described later with reference to FIG. In this subroutine,
A chord type is detected, and a number corresponding to the detected chord type is set in the register TP.

If the result of the determination at step 82 is negative (N), it means that the event was a key-off event,
At step 94, a silencing process is performed. That is, the key code and the mute command signal corresponding to the released key are supplied to the TG 26 to start the attenuation of the manual performance sound signal corresponding to the key.

If the result of the determination at step 72 is negative (N), or if the processing at step 80, 92 or 94 has been completed, the routine proceeds to step 96, where the automatic accompaniment unit 24 stores the root note information in the register RT. And the chord type information of the register TP is output as chord designation information. As a result, in the automatic accompaniment device 24, the accompaniment pattern corresponding to the style number output in step 62 of FIG.
Auto chord based on the chord designation information output in
Automatic accompaniment such as auto bass is performed. Step 96
Thereafter, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

FIG. 7 shows a chord detection subroutine. In step 100, the data in the register CHD is transferred to the register X. Then, in step 102, the data of the register X is cyclically shifted left by the number of times corresponding to the value of the register RT. For example, if the value of the register RT is 4
(Corresponding to the pitch name E), the data in the register X is cyclically shifted four times to the left. In this case, the data of the register X, if were as shown in X ₁ of FIG. 8 before the shift, after shift, as shown in X ₂ in FIG. 8.

Next, in step 104, the comparison data of the chord table of the memory 22 is compared with the data of the register X, and the chord type having the highest matching number of 1 and the highest priority is selected from the chord types. The number corresponding to the chord type is set in the register TP. For example, X ₂ in FIG.
Corresponds to the chord type minor “m” in FIG. 3, the number 3 is set in the register TP. In this example, the chord designation is E minor. Thereafter, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

Since the subroutine of FIG. 7 is executed every time a key is turned on in the right key area, bits other than the bit corresponding to the value of the register RT in the register CHD become 1 in accordance with the performance contents in the right key area. Or not. Therefore, even if the root information of the register RT does not change, the chord type information of the register TP may change.

When a key corresponding to a desired root note is pressed in the left key range during the performance, the register CHD is cleared at step 78. Then, in step 80, the register CHD
Since the bit corresponding to the value of the register RT becomes 1, the chord type is detected based on the new root designation. For example, if the root note C is specified in the left key range after the E minor chord is specified as in the above example, the register CH
After D is cleared, the bit corresponding to the pitch name C becomes 1 in the register CHD as shown in FIG. Thereafter, when the key of the pitch name E is pressed in the right key range, the register CHD stores the key in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the bit corresponding to the note name E becomes 1. When the chord detection subroutine of FIG. 7 is executed in this state, the number 2 is set in the register TP. In this example,
The chord designation is a C measure.

The root information RT of the chord thus detected
And the chord type information TP are input to the automatic accompaniment device 24, the automatic accompaniment device 24 performs automatic accompaniment such as auto chord and auto bass, but the chord type information TP representing a chord to which no chord name is given is input. In other words, as the chord type information TP, "0" representing "1 degree",
When "1" representing "1 & 5 degrees" is input, a normal automatic accompaniment device may determine that such a chord does not exist and may not generate a performance sound. Therefore, the automatic accompaniment device 24 according to the present embodiment performs the following processing.

First, the fact that "1 time" is designated means that even if the melody is referred to, it cannot be found as a usable note name other than the root note specified in the accompaniment key range. Therefore, the auto bass sound is produced by converting the pitch names of all data read from the specified bass pattern into root note names. Also, for the auto-chord sound, only the sounding timing of the data read from the specified auto-chord pattern is used, and the pitch is one octave of the same pitch as the root note in the range suitable for the auto-chord. A chord having a pitch of is generated at that timing.

Similarly, "1 &5th" is designated by referring to the melody by using the root name of the root note and the pitch name of the fifth note above the root note as usable note names. Therefore, as the auto bass sound, the data read from the specified bass pattern that corresponds to the fifth note name is left as it is, and all other note names are used as the root sound. Convert to name and pronounce. As for the auto-chord sound, the tone name of the inner root tone of the data name read from the designated auto-chord pattern and the data representing the fifth note name are to be produced as they are. Data should not be pronounced,
It is forcibly converted to the root note or the fifth note.

In the above embodiment, when the chord type is detected and the degree of coincidence with the chord table is the same, the priority is determined in advance. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The priority may be determined by assigning weights, assigning weights based on key pressing times, assigning weights using key pressing frequencies, or the like.

The keyboard means is not limited to a one-step keyboard, but may be a two-step keyboard or the like.

[0055]

As in the above, according to the present invention, according to the present invention, for playing along with specifying the root sound of the chords in one key depression in the accompaniment key range
Pertaining to note names and designations corresponding to key presses such as melodies in the key range
The chord type is detected based on the root and the root
Specify the chord for automatic accompaniment based on the chord type
Since the melody is performed , various chords can be designated in accordance with the music by a simple operation of one finger while playing a melody or the like, and an effect of enjoying a variety of automatic accompaniments can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of an electronic musical instrument provided with an automatic accompaniment device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing key code values determined for each pitch.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a storage example of a chord table in a memory 22;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a storage example of a register CHD or X;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a main routine.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a subroutine of key processing.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a chord detection subroutine.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of data shift in a register X.

[Description of References] 10: bus, 12: keyboard circuit, 14: switch circuit, 1
6: CPU (central processing unit), 18: program memory, 20: working memory, 22: chord table memory, 24: automatic accompaniment device, 26: TG (tone generator), 28: mixer, 30: sound system.

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. Keyboard means having a first key range for performance and a second key range for accompaniment, and indicating a root of a chord corresponding to one key pressed in said second key range. A root note information generating means for generating root note information to be played, a detecting means for detecting a key pressed in the first key range, and each time a key is detected by the detecting means, a musical note corresponding to the key is generated.
A tone generating means for generating a sound signal, and each time a key is detected by the detecting means, a tone name of the key is designated.
Note name information generating means for generating note name information to be executed, root note information and the note name information output from the root note information generating means.
The chord type is detected based on the note name information from the raw means,
Generate chord type information indicating a chord type related to detection
Chord type detecting means, wherein the root note generating means as chord designation information for automatic accompaniment.
Information from the chord and the chord type from the chord type detection means
A chord detection device characterized by using information . 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said chord type detecting means includes a plurality of chord types.
Comparison data indicating the note name designation status for each chord type
Data storing means, and a root information generating means.
Root information from the melody and the pitch name information from the pitch name information generating means
Stores note name data indicating the note name designation state according to the report
And a second storage unit, wherein the pitch name data of the second storage unit
Is compared with the comparison data in the first storage unit,
Chord corresponding to the comparison data that matches the note name designation status
2. The chord detection device according to claim 1, wherein the type is detected.
Place. 3. The chord type detecting means according to claim 1, wherein:
Predetermined priority order for multiple comparison data
The note name data in the second storage unit is stored in the first
3. The comparison with comparison data in a storage unit.
Chord detection device.