JP2535555B2 - Agent for preventing and treating streptococcal disease in fish - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a preventive and therapeutic agent for streptococcal disease of fish and a preventive and therapeutic method.

More specifically, the yellowtail, yellowtail, rainbow trout of the present invention,
Streptoc of carp, goldfish, eel, lizard, sardine, quailfish, mullet, horse mackerel, menhaden, catfish etc.
The present invention relates to a preventive and therapeutic agent for diseases caused by infection with occus sp. and a preventive and therapeutic method.

[Prior Art] Streptococcus disease such as yellowtail and yellowtail is a disease of fishes occurring in aquaculture sites in various places. This disease is considered to be mainly transmitted through the oral route, has a high mortality rate, and causes great economic damage to farmers such as yellowtail and yellowtail. Therefore, at present, it is one of the most important diseases in which the prevention and treatment measures are urgently established among the number or diseases of cultured yellowtail and the like.

The features of this disease include severe inflammation, bleeding, swelling and protrusion of the eyeball; severe bleeding of the inner wall of the gill lid; abscess of the caudal part and groin; bleeding of various internal organs and granulomas. The diseased fish eventually sink to the bottom of the cage and die shortly thereafter.

Therefore, for the prevention of streptococcal diseases such as yellowtail and yellowtail,
It has been attempted to appropriately manage breeding such as feeding of appropriate kind of feed, freshness of feed, appropriate feeding amount, and appropriate feeding density of fish. However, these methods cannot prevent,
The current situation is that this disease is common.

Further, in order to prevent and treat this disease, for example, a method of administering an antibiotic or other antibacterial agent with a feed is performed. However, in recent years, due to the emergence of resistant bacteria and the persistence of antibiotics etc. in fish, there is a growing tendency that it is not appropriate to administer antibiotics etc. to cultured fish. It is desired to develop a preventive and therapeutic method for this disease and a preventive and therapeutic agent that do not use

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors have conducted studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, have found that certain crude drugs have an effect of suppressing the disease, and completed the present invention. Was.

That is, the object of the present invention is the prevention of streptococcal diseases such as fish, particularly, yellowtail, yellowtail, rainbow trout, carp, goldfish, eel, sand eel, sardine, quailfish, mullet, horse mackerel, menheiden, catfish and the like. It is intended to provide a therapeutic agent and a method for preventing and treating the same.

The present invention includes rhubarb, laurel, psyllium, pearl oyster, mugwort, mugwort, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, neat grass,
Disclosed is a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for streptococcal disease in fish, which comprises one or more crude drugs selected from the group consisting of hops, gyutan, tanjin and licorice.

The present invention also relates to the prevention and treatment of streptococcal disease of the above fish containing a crude drug in the form of bulk powder, an organic solvent, a mixture of an organic solvent and water or a crude drug extract obtained by extraction with water, or a crude drug active ingredient. The agent is provided.

The present invention also provides a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for streptococcal disease in fish, which comprises a crude drug mixed in feed.

Further, the present invention is to administer an effective amount of one or more kinds of herbal medicines selected from the group consisting of rhubarb, laurel, psyllium, pearl oyster, mugwort, ginger ginger, kujin, ginseng, hop, gyutan, tanjin and licorice. And a method for preventing and treating streptococcal disease in fish.

The present invention also provides a crude drug in the form of bulk powder, an organic solvent, a mixture of an organic solvent and water or a crude drug extract obtained by extraction with water, or streptococcal disease of fish comprising administration in the form of a galenical active ingredient. The present invention provides a method for preventing and treating the disease.

The present invention also provides a method for preventing and treating streptococcal disease in fish, which comprises administering a crude drug by mixing it into a feed.

The preventive and therapeutic agents of the present invention are effective against streptococcal disease.

This streptococcal disease is a disease particularly found in yellowtail, yellowtail, rainbow trout, carp, goldfish, eel, lizard, sardine, quailfish, mullet, horse mackerel, menhayden, catfish and the like. The preventive and therapeutic agents of the present invention are effective against this disease of any fish.

The crude drug used as the preventive and / or therapeutic agent of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of Rheum palmatum, Coptis chinensis, Oataku, Kobokoku, Artemisia, Ginkgo biloba, kujin, ginseng, hops, gyutan, tanzin and licorice.
Species or two or more species.

Rheum palmafum Lin
n) or R. officinale Baillon and related parts of the rhizome of most of the related plants, with most of the skin removed. These are, as anthraquinone derivatives, chrysophanol, emodin, emodin monomethyl ether, etc., human gastric bitterness, laxity, chronic gastrointestinal disease as an anti-inflammatory agent,
Used for indigestion and constipation.

Spinach (Yellow) is spinach (Coptis japonica Ma)
Fine roots are burned off from the roots of kino). The components of this product are berberine, palmatine, etc., and they are used as a human gastric bitterness and intestinal regulating drug.

The yellow oyster is the yellowfin (Phellodendron amuren)
se Ruprecht) or other species of the same genus and other species excluding the cork layer. The components of this are berberine, palmatine, etc., which are used as human stomach, intestine, astringent and anti-inflammatory drug.

The magnolia is Magnolia obovata T
hunberg) trees and branches. The ingredients of this product are magnoclarine, magnolol,
Containing essential oils and the like, it is used as astringent diuretic for humans and as a sputum for distension of the chest and abdomen, abdominal pain and asthma.

Mugwort (agar) is a mugwort (Arfemisia princeps Pampa
nini) or sagebrush (A. monfana Pampanini). The ingredients of this product are cineole (50
%) Containing essential oils, α-thujone, sesquiterpene, etc. and using uterine bleeding etc. as astringent and hemostatic agents in humans, and also has effects of tonicity and blood supplementation.

Geno Shoko is a Geranium nepal
ense Sweet) in summer. The ingredients of this one are
Tannin, gallic acid, succinic acid, etc. are used as astringents for humans for diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Kujin (Clown Ginseng) is made from Clara (Sophora auqustifolia S
iebold et Zuccarini) is the root of the cork as it is or is cut or split longitudinally except for most of the cork skin. The component of this thigh is matrine, which is used as a human stomach, diuretic, antipyretic, analgesic and insecticide.

Enmeiso (extended lifegrass) is a cypress (Isodon jap)
anica Hara) or orbana (Isodon trich)
ocarpus Kubo). The ingredients of this product are Plectrantin and Enmei.
n), which is used as a gastric bitterness drug for humans for treating indigestion, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and the like.

Hops are mature ears of hops (Humulus Lupulus Linn). The components of this product are tannin, humulone, lupron, etc., which are necessary for imparting bitterness and aroma in brewing beams.

Gyutan is bovine (Bos tautus domesticu)
s Gmelin) hanging the gallbladder in the shade or drying the bile duct and putting the bile in a container that has been sealed and stored. The components of this are sodium cholate, mucoproteins, fatty acids, etc., which are human jaundice, constipation, diabetes,
It has been used for a long time to treat anal fistulas.

Tanjin (Salvia miltiorrhiza)
Bunge). The components of this product are tandinone I, I
I, cryptotandinone, used in human tonicity, menstruation, as a gynecological drug for menstrual disorders, uterine bleeding, abdominal pain and acne.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Linn var.glandulifera Regel et Herder) roots and rhizomes as they are or without cork skin.
The components of this substance are glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, glucose, asparagine, etc., which are used as a human palliative, antispasmodic, and sputum drug.

As described above, each of the herbal medicines used in the present invention such as rhubarb, laurel, psyllium, pearl oyster, mugwort, ginger ginger, ginseng, gall neat, hops, gyutan, ginseng and licorice, either alone or in combination, in humans Although it has been conventionally used for the prevention and treatment of diseases, attempts to use these for the purpose of prevention and treatment of diseases of fish, especially for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases of fish are I had never been done before.

As a result of various studies focusing on the medicinal effect of the above-mentioned crude drug, the present inventors have shown that the above-mentioned crude drug for the prevention and treatment of streptococcal disease of fish, that is, a disease caused by infection of fish with streptococcal disease. The present invention has been completed by finding that it is extremely effective to administer one kind or a combination of two or more kinds of the above.

That is, as described below, the above-mentioned specific types of herbal medicines and extracts thereof are in vitro and in vivo,
It was clarified that they have specific bacteriostatic action and bactericidal action against streptococcus. As a result of the inhibitory effect on streptococci, when the above-mentioned crude drug was administered to fish, diseases of fish derived from streptococcus could be prevented and cured.

It was unexpected by the present inventors that it was unexpected that the above-mentioned specific crude drug and its extract were effective against this disease peculiar to fish.

These crude drugs may be directly administered as raw powder or in the form of an extract or crude drug active ingredient, or they may be added to feed or in the form of a solution, dispersion, semi-solid, powder or granule, molded preparation, It is formulated into leaching preparations and injection preparations and used.

The extracted extract is used, for example, by solvent extraction using water, an organic solvent or a mixture of water and an organic solvent, and then directly extracting, concentrating, diluting, or removing the solvent.

As the organic solvent, for example, methanol, ethanol,
n-Propanol, n-butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, ether, methylene chloride, chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether and the like are used, and methanol and ethanol are particularly desirable. These organic solvents are 1
It can be used as a kind or a mixture of two or more kinds.

This solvent extraction can be performed by cold or hot digestion of the crude drug in these solvents. 15 to 25 ° C for cold immersion,
Digestion can be performed in the temperature range of 35 to 45 ° C. The extraction time depends on the extraction temperature, but is generally about 5 days or until the soluble components are sufficiently dissolved.

Crude drug active ingredient, for example, the extract extract is further shaken using various solvents, a fraction that is transferred to this solvent is extracted, and the solvent is distilled off, and the effective fraction, that is, the active ingredient may be used as the active ingredient. it can.

The solvent used in this case is a non-polar solvent such as lower aliphatic ethers (diethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, etc.); lower halogen alkanes (chloroform, dichloroethane, dibromoethane, etc.); benzenes (benzene, toluene, Other petroleum-based solvents (petroleum ether, petroleum benzene, ligroin, etc.) and the like can be mentioned as examples.

The remaining aqueous solution obtained by extracting the effective fraction is shake-extracted by using water and a certain organic solvent saturated with water, washed with water, and transferred to an organic solvent layer as a residue. The solvent obtained by distilling off the solvent of the fraction to be used can also be used as an effective fraction, that is, an active ingredient. This effective fraction differs from the above-mentioned effective fraction in the physicochemical properties and the detected components are also different.

The dose is 0.001 mg / kg body weight converted to the bulk weight of crude drug.
/ Day to 100 g / kg body weight / day. This amount is different when used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent,
Generally, the latter dose will be higher.

The administration method can be oral administration or parenteral administration. As parenteral administration, intramuscular administration, intraperitoneal administration, transdermal administration, gill administration, intravenous administration and the like are possible.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Test Examples and Examples.

Test Example 1 Streptoc isolated from the lesion site of streptococcal disease of fish
The susceptibility of occus sp. to various crude drugs was examined.

Various crude drugs were added to an aqueous solution of 50% ethanol which was 5 to 7 times the amount of the crude drug, and extracted for 16 hours to obtain an alcohol extract.

Further, 7 to 15 times the amount of water was used in place of the 50% ethanol aqueous solution, and this was extracted in a 100 ° C warm bath for 1 hour to obtain a water extract.

Each extract was impregnated with 25 μm into a disk having a diameter of 8 mm and dried. The disc was placed on 0.5% NaCl-added Brain Heart Infusion agar medium coated with a strain of Streptococcus sp. And incubated at 28 ° C. for 18 hours, and then the diameter of the inhibition circle was measured.

Next, the test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 2 herbal name water extract by inhibition zone (mm) mosquito emission zone c 9 Gyuutan 10 Example 1 live food in Sophora root powder was added 0.16% was subjected試飼fees.

This test feed was fed to 10,000 10,000 yellowtails with a body weight of about 150 g / tail as jinjin powder at a rate of 0.4 g / kg body weight / day and was bred for 1 month (test section).

As a control, only raw food was given for one month. The weight of each ward after one month was 220 g.

As a result, the number of yellowtails that died of streptococcal disease due to field infection during breeding was only about 130 in the test group, but about 1800 in the control group.

Examples 2 to 12 Other than using ginseng powder, laurel powder, rye flour powder, syrup powder, mugwort powder, gem ginger powder, licorice powder, ginseng powder, hops powder, gyutan powder, and ginseng powder in place of kujin powder in Example 1 Was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.

 Next, the test results are shown in Table 3.

Example 13 1 kg of each of rhubarb powder, laurel powder, oyster flour, pearl mill powder, mugwort powder, ginger ginger powder, kujin powder, licorice powder, ginseng powder, hop powder, gyutan powder, and ginseng powder, which were taken in 10 waters The mixture was placed in a flask and extracted at 100 ° C for 1 hour. Each water extract was diluted 1000 times to prepare a drug solution. District 1 Hamachi 100
Using the tail, each test section was bathed in each drug solution once a day for 3 minutes. As a result of breeding for 1 month in this way, the number of deaths of field infection of streptococcal disease was smaller in all test plots than in the control plots (those not subjected to drug bath).

[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, the present invention provides an effective preventive and therapeutic agent for streptococcal disease of fish and an effective preventive and therapeutic method.

Since the prophylactic and therapeutic agents of the present invention are based on crude drugs or extracts obtained therefrom, there is no problem of occurrence of resistant bacteria or side effects in the case of antibiotics, etc., and they can be safely administered.

Furthermore, since there is no concern about the effect of the drug residue on the human body, it is suitable as a drug for the prevention and treatment of streptococcal disease in edible fish.

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Claims (10)

(57) [Claims] 1. A rhubarb, a lily, an oyster, a pearl oyster, a pearl millet, a mugwort, a ginger ginger, a quince, a brown ginger,
A preventive and / or therapeutic agent for streptococcal disease in fish, which comprises one or more crude drugs selected from the group consisting of hops, gyutan, tanjin and licorice. 2. The prophylactic and therapeutic agent according to claim 1, wherein the crude drug is in bulk form. 3. The preventive and therapeutic agent according to claim 1, wherein the crude drug is an organic solvent, a mixture of water and an organic solvent, or a crude drug extract extracted with water and / or a crude drug active ingredient obtained therefrom. . 4. The preventive and therapeutic agent according to claim 1, wherein the crude drug is incorporated in feed. 5. The preventive and therapeutic agent according to claim 1, wherein the fish is hamachi, yellowtail, rainbow trout, carp, goldfish, eel, lizard, sardine, quailfish, mullet, horse mackerel, menheiden, catfish. 6. A rhubarb, a laurel, a psyllium, a pearl oyster, a mugwort, a mugwort, a ginkgo biloba, a ginseng, an hemlock,
A method for preventing and treating streptococcal disease in fish, which comprises administering an effective amount of one or more crude drugs selected from the group consisting of hops, gyutan, tanjin and licorice. 7. The preventive and therapeutic method according to claim 6, wherein the crude drug is used in the form of bulk powder. 8. The preventive and therapeutic method according to claim 6, wherein the crude drug is an organic solvent, a mixture of water and an organic solvent, a crude drug extract extracted with water and / or a crude drug active ingredient obtained therefrom. . 9. The preventive and therapeutic method according to claim 6, wherein the crude drug is administered in a mixture with feed. 10. Fish are yellowtail, yellowtail, rainbow trout, carp,
Goldfish, eel, lizard, sardines, quailfish,
The preventive and therapeutic method according to claim 6, which is mullet, horse mackerel, menhaden, catfish.