JP2535559B2 - Agent for the prevention and treatment of pruritus in fish - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent for fish pruritus and a prophylactic / therapeutic method.

More specifically, the present invention relates to Aeromonas salmon of salmonids such as sockeye salmon, chum salmon, salmon trout and coho salmon.
The present invention relates to a preventive and therapeutic agent for a disease caused by icida infection and a preventive and therapeutic method.

[Prior Art] Sores are one of the bacterial diseases mainly found in salmonids.
One. The name of ulcer disease is derived from the fact that the hemispherical swelling affected on the side of the body of diseased fish corresponds to the medical term "hemorrhea". The pathogen of this disease is Aeromonas salmonic
This is an ida, which has a high mortality rate and causes great economic damage to fish farmers such as salmon and trout. Therefore, currently
It is one of the most important diseases for which establishment of preventive and therapeutic measures is urgently needed among many diseases such as farmed salmon.

The main characteristic of this disease is that the swelling is present on the trunk.
The affected area eventually becomes ulcerated. In reality, there are types that die before the appearance of sores, and symptoms other than sores, such as enteritis and hemorrhage of the fin base.

Despite this serious epidemic, there are currently few effective measures. Currently, measures such as appropriate disinfection of eye-laid eggs and proper management of breeding are taken. However, these methods cannot be prevented and this disease frequently occurs.

Moreover, in order to prevent and treat this disease, a method of administering, for example, an antibiotic or other antibacterial agent together with a feed has been performed so far. However, in recent years, due to the emergence of resistant bacteria and the persistence of antibiotics etc. in fish, there is a growing tendency that it is not appropriate to administer antibiotics etc. to cultured fish. Therefore, development of a method for preventing and treating this disease without using an antibiotic or the like and an agent for preventing and treating the disease are desired.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors have conducted studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, have found that certain crude drugs have an effect of suppressing the disease, and completed the present invention. Was.

That is, the object of the present invention is to fish, especially salmon,
It is intended to provide a preventive and therapeutic agent for trout ulcer disease and a method for preventing and treating the same.

The present invention, liquorice, spinach, orange gourd, oubaku, kouboku, tanjin, timo, rhubarb, clover,
Provided is a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for pruritus of fish, which comprises one or more crude drugs selected from the group consisting of juniper, kudzu, hops, euglena, aloe, gyutan, ginkgo, ginkgo, ginkgo and genka. It is a thing.

The present invention also provides a crude drug in the form of bulk powder, an organic solvent, a mixture of an organic solvent and water, a crude drug extract obtained by extraction with water, or a prophylactic and therapeutic treatment for pruritus of the above fish containing a herbal active ingredient. The agent is provided.

The present invention also provides a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for pruritus of fish, which comprises a crude drug mixed in feed.

Furthermore, the present invention includes licorice, laurel, sardine, psyllium, pearl oyster, tanjin, chimo, rhubarb, clove, juniper, kujin, hop, euglena, aloe,
It consists of administering an effective amount of one or more herbal medicines selected from the group consisting of gyutan, nematodes, ginkgo, moss and genka. It is intended to provide a method for preventing and treating a scab of fish.

The present invention also provides a crude drug in the form of bulk powder, an organic solvent, a mixture of an organic solvent and water, a crude drug extract obtained by extraction with water, or a pruritus of a fish comprising administering in the form of a crude drug active ingredient. The present invention provides a method for preventing and treating the disease.

The present invention also provides a method for preventing and treating pruritus in fish, which comprises administering a crude drug by mixing it into a feed.

The ulcer disease is a disease found in fishes, particularly salmonids such as sockeye salmon, chum salmon, salmon trout, coho salmon, cherry salmon, trout salmon, Atlantic trout, amago, brook trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, hime trout, and trout. The preventive and therapeutic agents and the preventive and therapeutic methods of the present invention are effective not only for salmonid fish but also for other fish.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Linn var.glandulifera Regel et Herder) roots and rhizomes as they are or without cork skin. The components of this are glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, glucose, asparagine, etc.
It is used as a sputum drug.

Spinach (Yellow) is spinach (Coptis japonica Ma)
Fine roots are burned off from the roots of kino). The components of this product are berberine, palmatine, etc., and they are used as a human gastric bitterness and intestinal regulating drug.

Ougon Is the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi excluding the cork skin. Its components are agonine and baicalin, which are used as anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs in humans.

The yellow oyster is the yellowfin (Phellodendron amuren)
se Ruprecht) or other species of the same genus and other species excluding the cork layer. Ingredients are berberine, palmatine, etc., which are used as human stomach, intestine, astringent and anti-inflammatory drug.

The magnolia is Magnolia obovata T
hunberg) trees and branches. The ingredients of this one are
It contains magnocoumarin, magnolol, essential oils, etc. in addition to the main ingredient, matylol, and is used for astringent diuresis in humans and as a sputum for distension of the chest and abdomen, abdominal pain and asthma.

Tanjin (Salvia miltiorrhiza)
Bunge). The components of this product are tandinone I, I
I, cryptotandinone, used in human tonicity, menstruation, as a gynecological drug for menstrual disorders, uterine bleeding, abdominal pain and acne.

Chimo (Chinese mother) is the Anemone (Anemanhena asphodeloid)
es Bunge). The component of this one is saponin,
Steroidal saponins, tannins, etc.
Used as an antipyretic, antidiarrheal, diuretic, sedative.

Rheum palmafum Lin
n or R. officinale Baillon) and most of the closely related plant rhizomes were stripped and vertically split. The components of this product include chrysophanol, emodin, emodin monomethyl ether, etc. as anthraquinone derivatives, and are used for human gastric bitterness, laxity, and anti-inflammatory drug for chronic gastrointestinal disease, indigestion and constipation.

The butterfly (Eugenia caryophyll)
ata Thunb.) just before flowering. The components of this product are eugenol, acetyleugenol and the like, and they are used as human digestive function promoters, carminatives, spices and cosmetics.

Juniper Is a night squirrel (Angelia dahurica Bentham et JDHo
oker) is the root. The components of this are juniper-angelicin, juniper-angelicol, etc., which are used as sedative, analgesic, hemostatic and blood purifying agents for humans for treating colds, headaches, facial neuralgia and the like.

Kujin (Clown Ginseng) is made from Clara (Sophora auqustifolia S
iebold et Zuccarini) is the root of the cork as it is or is cut or split longitudinally except for most of the cork skin. Its component is matrine, which is used as a human stomach, diuretic, antipyretic, analgesic and insecticide.

Hops are mature ears of hops (Humulus Lupulus Linn). The components of this product are tannin, humulone, lupron and the like, which are necessary for imparting bitterness and aroma in brewing beer.

The Bayberry (Plum bark) is a bayberry (Myrica rubra S
iebold et Zuccarini). The components of this are tannin, myricetin and myricitrin. It is used as astringent in humans for diarrhea and is effective against bruises.

Aloe is aloe (Aloe arborescens Mill.var. Nat.
alensis Bergel.). The components of this substance are barvaloin, aloe-emodin, etc., which have been used as a bitter stomachic medicine or laxative since the ancient times in the Middle East and Europe.

Gyutan is bovine (Bos taurus domesticu)
s Gmelin) hanging the gallbladder in the shade, or incising the bile duct and putting the bile in a container that was stored in a sealed manner. The components of this product are sodium cholate, mucoproteins, fatty acids, etc., which have been used for a long time for the treatment of human jaundice, constipation, diabetes, hemorrhoids and the like.

Enmeiso (extended lifegrass) is a cypress (Isodon jap)
onica Hara) or black clover (Isodon trich)
ocarpus Kudo). The components of this product are plectrantin and emmein, which are used as a human stomachic bitterness agent for the treatment of indigestion, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and the like.

Clapperboard The Artemisia capillaris Thunberg
This is the spike. The components of this product include esculetin-6,7-dimethyl ether in addition to terpene compounds such as capylene, β-pinene, capilone, and capyrin, and the isocoumarin form of capillarin, and are effective against human antiphlogistic, antipyretic, diuretic and febrile jaundice. Is.

Gobaishi (quintet) is a goal mainly produced in the leaves of Rhus javanica Linn due to the sting of Melaphis chinensis J. Bell. There are tannin, gallic acid, fat, resin and the like as components of this product, and they are used as raw materials for producing quintile tincture, tannic acid, gallic acid, and pyrogallol.

Genka (Silk flower) is Daphne Genkwa Sieb
old et Zuccarini). The components of this product include sitosterol, gencanine, apigenin and the like, and are used for human diuresis and laxatives such as edema, nephritis, wet bronchitis and cough.

As described above, licorice herbs used in the present invention, laurel, sardine, sardine, pearl oyster, tanjin, chimo, rhubarb, clove, juniper, kujin, hops,
Each of the eucalyx, aloe, gyutan, ginkgo, ginkgo, burdock and genca, which have been conventionally used for the prevention and treatment of human diseases, alone or in combination, are fish. It has never been attempted to be used for the purpose of prevention and treatment of the diseases, especially for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases of fish.

As a result of various studies focusing on the medicinal effect of the above-mentioned crude drug, the present inventors have found that pruritus of fish, that is, that fish is bacterial bacterial Ae.
The present invention has been completed by finding that it is extremely effective to administer a combination of one or more of the above herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by infection with romonas salmonicida.

That is, as described below, it was revealed that the above-mentioned specific types of herbal medicines and extracts thereof had specific bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida in vitro and in vivo. And this
As a result of the inhibitory effect on Aeromonas salmonicida, when the above-mentioned crude drug was administered to fish,
It was possible to prevent and cure ulcer, which is a disease of fish derived from ida.

The fact that the above-mentioned specific crude drug and its extract were effective against the diseases peculiar to this fish was unexpectedly revealed by the present inventors.

These crude drugs may be directly administered as raw powder or in the form of an extract or crude drug active ingredient, or they may be added to feed or in the form of a solution, dispersion, semi-solid, powder or granule, molded preparation, It is formulated into leaching preparations and injection preparations and used.

The extracted extract is used, for example, by solvent extraction using water, an organic solvent or a mixture of water and an organic solvent, and then directly extracting, concentrating, diluting, or removing the solvent.

As the organic solvent, for example, methanol, ethanol,
n-Propanol, n-butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, ether, methylene chloride, chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether and the like are used, and methanol and ethanol are particularly desirable. These organic solvents are 1
It can be used as a kind or a mixture of two or more kinds.

This solvent extraction can be performed by cold or hot digestion of the crude drug in these solvents. 15 to 25 ° C for cold immersion,
Digestion can be performed in the temperature range of 35 to 45 ° C. The extraction time depends on the extraction temperature, but is generally about 5 days or until the soluble components are sufficiently dissolved.

Crude drug active ingredient, for example, the extract extract is further shaken using various solvents, a fraction that is transferred to this solvent is extracted, and the solvent is distilled off, and the effective fraction, that is, the active ingredient may be used as the active ingredient. it can.

Solvents used in this case are non-polar solvents such as lower aliphatic ethers (diethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, etc.); lower halogen alkanes (chloroform, dichloroethane, dibromoethane, etc.); benzenes (benzene, toluene, Other petroleum-based solvents (petroleum ether, petroleum benzene, ligroin, etc.) and the like can be mentioned as examples.

The remaining aqueous solution obtained by extracting the effective fraction is shake-extracted by using water and a certain organic solvent saturated with water, washed with water, and transferred to an organic solvent layer as a residue. The solvent obtained by distilling off the solvent of the fraction to be used can also be used as an effective fraction, that is, an active ingredient. This effective fraction differs from the above-mentioned effective fraction in the physicochemical properties and the detected components are also different.

The dose is 0.001 mg / kg body weight converted to the bulk weight of crude drug.
/ Day to 100 g / kg body weight / day. This amount is different when used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent,
Generally, the latter dose will be higher.

The administration method can be oral administration or parenteral administration. As parenteral administration, intramuscular administration, intraperitoneal administration, transdermal administration, gill administration, intravenous administration and the like are possible.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Test Examples and Examples.

Test Example 1 The sensitivity of Aeromonas salmonicida to various crude drugs was examined.

Various crude drugs were added to a 50% aqueous ethanol solution 7 times the amount of the crude drug and extracted for 16 hours to obtain an alcohol extract.

The extract was impregnated into an 8 mm-diameter disc by 25 μl and dried. This disk was placed on a Heart Infusion agar medium containing 0.5% NaCl coated with a strain of Aeromonas salmonicida, cultured at 28 ° C for 18 hours, and then the diameter of the inhibition circle was measured.

 Next, Table 1 shows the test results.

Example 1 1% of licorice powder was added to the mixed feed to prepare a test feed. This test feed was fed to 500 coho salmon with a body weight of about 100 g / tail as licorice powder at a rate of 0.2 g / kg body weight / day and bred for 1 month (test section).

As a control, only the mixed feed was given for 1 month. Both groups had a weight of 140 g after one month.

As a result, the number of coho salmon that died of haemosis due to field infection during breeding was only 10 in the test group, but 55 in the control group.

Examples 2 to 19 In place of the licorice powder in Example 1, laurel powder, syrup powder, sack flour, syrup powder, tangin powder, squishy powder, rhubarb powder, clove powder, juniper powder, sardine powder, hops powder, lobster powder, Aloe powder, gyutan powder, neem powder,
The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the Chinese mackerel powder, Gobaishi powder, and Genka powder were used.

 Next, the test results are shown in Table 2.

Example 20 Licorice powder, laurel powder, sardine powder, oyster powder, syrup powder, tangin powder, tyme powder, rhubarb powder, clove powder, juniper powder, sardine powder,
1 kg of each of hop powder, eucalypt powder, aloe powder, gutan powder, gall powder, ginkgo powder, and genca powder was taken in 10 water and extracted at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. 1000 for each water extract
The drug solution was diluted twice. Using 50 coho salmon in each section, each test section was subjected to a chemical bath once a day for 3 minutes.
As a result of breeding for 1 month in this way, the number of deaths caused by field infection of ulcer disease was lower in all test plots than in the control plots (those not subjected to drug bath).

[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, the present invention provides an effective preventive and therapeutic agent for fish pruritus and an effective preventive and therapeutic method.

Since the prophylactic and therapeutic agents of the present invention are based on crude drugs or extracts obtained therefrom, there is no problem of occurrence of resistant bacteria or side effects in the case of antibiotics, etc., and they can be safely administered.

Furthermore, since there is no concern that the residual drug will affect the human body, it is suitable as a drug for the prevention and treatment of pruritus on edible fish.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Office reference number FI Technical display location A61K 35/78 A61K 35/78 J K N Q T V W // A23K 1/16 304 A23K 1 / 16 304C 1/18 102 1/18 102A

Claims (10)

(57) [Claims] 1. A liquorice, a spinach, an orange, an oak, a bakku, a tanjin, a timo, a rhubarb, a clove,
A prophylactic and therapeutic agent for pruritus of fish, which comprises one or more crude drugs selected from the group consisting of juniper, juniper, hops, lobster, aloe, gyutan, ginkgo, ginkgo, and genca. 2. The prophylactic and therapeutic agent according to claim 1, wherein the crude drug is in bulk form. 3. The preventive and therapeutic agent according to claim 1, wherein the crude drug is an organic solvent, a mixture of water and an organic solvent, or a crude drug extract extracted with water and / or a crude drug active ingredient obtained therefrom. . 4. The preventive and therapeutic agent according to claim 1, wherein the crude drug is incorporated in feed. 5. The fish include sockeye salmon, chum salmon, salmon salmon, coho salmon, cherry salmon, salmon salmon, Atlantic salmon,
The preventive and therapeutic agent according to claim 1, which is brook trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, amago, hime trout, and yamame trout. 6. A licorice, a lily, a squirrel, a syrup, a syrup, a tangin, a timo, a rhubarb, a clove,
Prevention of pruritus in fish comprising administering an effective amount of one or more herbal medicines selected from the group consisting of juniper, juniper, hops, lobster, aloe, gyutan, ginkgo, ginkgo, moss and genka And treatment methods. 7. The preventive and therapeutic method according to claim 6, wherein the crude drug is used in the form of bulk powder. 8. The preventive and therapeutic treatment according to claim 6, wherein the crude drug is an organic solvent, a mixture of water and an organic solvent, a crude drug extract extracted with water, and / or a crude drug active ingredient obtained therefrom. Method. 9. The preventive and therapeutic method according to claim 6, wherein the crude drug is administered by being mixed with feed. 10. Fish such as sockeye salmon, chum salmon, pink salmon, coho salmon, cherry salmon, salmon salmon, Atlantic salmon,
The preventive and therapeutic method according to claim 6, which is brook trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, amago, hime trout, and yamame trout.