JP2024009139A - Waste treatment facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste treatment facility capable of suppressing an excessive temperature rise in an incinerator while maintaining an autonomous operation of a supercharger.

SOLUTION: A waste treatment facility includes: an incinerator for incinerating waste; an air introduction passage for guiding combustion air to the incinerator; an air preheater for heating the combustion air flowing in the air introduction passage by using exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator; a supercharger disposed in the air introduction passage, the supercharger including a compressor that compresses the combustion air and discharges the compressed combustion air to the air preheater side and a turbine rotated by the combustion air heated by the air preheater to drive the compressor; a cooling device disposed between the turbine and the incinerator in the air introduction passage and cooling the combustion air caused to flow out from the turbine; and an air release passage connected to a portion on the downstream side of the cooling device and the upstream side of the incinerator in the air introduction passage.

SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

COPYRIGHT: (C)2024,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to waste treatment equipment.

Conventionally, as described in Patent Document 1, waste treatment equipment that incinerates waste such as sewage sludge is known. Patent Document 1 describes a waste treatment facility that includes a combustion furnace that burns waste, a preheater placed after the combustion furnace, and a supercharger connected to the preheater. ing. In this waste treatment facility, compressed air discharged from a compressor of a supercharger is heated in a preheater by exhaust gas from a combustion furnace, and then passed through a turbine of the supercharger and supplied into the combustion furnace.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-170703

In waste treatment facilities, it is necessary to control the temperature inside the furnace so that it does not exceed the heat resistance temperature of the incinerator or the heat exchanger located after the incinerator. It varies depending on the properties of the waste (for example, the water content of sewage sludge), the amount of auxiliary fuel input, and the temperature of the combustion air supplied to the furnace. For example, if high-temperature combustion air is continued to be supplied into the furnace when the water content of sewage sludge introduced into the furnace is low, the temperature inside the furnace may exceed the allowable temperature.

On the other hand, the supercharging type waste treatment equipment described in Patent Document 1 uses thermal energy of exhaust gas to supply combustion air into the furnace by a supercharger, and the combustion air flowing into the turbine is If the air temperature drops too much, it becomes difficult to maintain self-sustaining operation of the supercharger. Therefore, in conventional supercharged waste treatment equipment, it is difficult to suppress excessive temperature rise in the incinerator while maintaining self-sustaining operation of the supercharger.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide waste treatment equipment that can suppress excessive temperature rise in an incinerator while maintaining self-sustaining operation of a supercharger. That's true.

A waste treatment facility according to one aspect of the present invention includes an incinerator that incinerates waste, an air introduction path for guiding combustion air to the incinerator, and an air introduction path for introducing the combustion air flowing through the air introduction path. , an air preheater heated by exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator, and a supercharger disposed in the air introduction path, which compresses the combustion air and converts the compressed combustion air into the air. The supercharger includes a compressor that discharges to the preheater side, and a turbine that drives the compressor by being rotated by the combustion air heated by the air preheater, and the turbine of the air introduction path. and a cooling device disposed between the incinerator and the combustion air flowing out from the turbine; and a cooling device connected to the air introduction path to cool the combustion air flowing through the air introduction path. an air discharge route for discharging the air outside the air passage, the air discharge route being connected to a portion of the air introduction route that is downstream of the cooling device and upstream of the incinerator. There is. In other words, the cooling device is disposed closer to the turbine than the connecting portion of the air discharge path in the air introduction path.

According to this waste treatment facility, high-temperature combustion air heated by an air preheater flows into the turbine, and combustion air cooled by a cooling device after flowing out of the turbine is guided into the incinerator. Can be done. As a result, even if the temperature of the combustion air required to prevent the temperature inside the furnace from exceeding the heat-resistant temperature of the incinerator is lower than the temperature of the combustion air required to maintain self-sustaining operation of the supercharger, This can also be addressed by lowering the temperature of the combustion air after it flows out of the turbine. Therefore, according to the waste treatment equipment of the present invention, it is possible to suppress excessive temperature rise in the incinerator while maintaining self-sustaining operation of the supercharger. Furthermore, compared to the case where the cooling device is placed closer to the incinerator than the connection part of the air discharge path in the air introduction path, the amount of heat that the heat transfer medium recovers from the combustion air increases, so the efficiency of heat use is improved. can be improved. Moreover, since the combustion air after cooling can be discharged outside the air introduction path, it is also possible to reduce the diameter of the piping or duct that constitutes the air discharge path.

A waste treatment facility according to another aspect of the present invention includes an incinerator for incinerating waste, an air introduction path for guiding combustion air to the incinerator, and the combustion air flowing through the air introduction path. an air preheater that heats with exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator; and a supercharger disposed in the air introduction path, which compresses the combustion air and transfers the compressed combustion air to the The supercharger includes a compressor that discharges air to the air preheater side, and a turbine that rotates with the combustion air heated by the air preheater to drive the compressor; a cooling device disposed between the turbine and the incinerator to cool the combustion air flowing out from the turbine; a bypass path connected to the air introduction path so as to bypass the cooling device; and a bypass path connected to the air introduction path so as to bypass the cooling device; an air inflow amount adjusting section that adjusts a ratio between an inflow amount of the combustion air from the introduction path to the bypass path and an inflow amount of the combustion air from the air introduction path to the cooling device; an air discharge path for discharging the combustion air flowing through the path to the outside of the air introduction path, and the air discharge path is downstream of the cooling device in the air introduction path and It is connected to a portion upstream of the connection portion at the downstream end of the bypass path.

According to this configuration, the combustion air cooled by the cooling device can be discharged outside the air introduction path before being mixed with the high temperature combustion air flowing through the bypass path. Thereby, the diameter of the piping or duct that constitutes the air discharge path can be made smaller than when the air is mixed with high-temperature combustion air flowing through the bypass path and then released.

A waste treatment facility according to another aspect of the present invention includes an incinerator for incinerating waste, an air introduction path for guiding combustion air to the incinerator, and the combustion air flowing through the air introduction path. an air preheater that heats with exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator; and a supercharger disposed in the air introduction path, which compresses the combustion air and transfers the compressed combustion air to the The supercharger includes a compressor that discharges air to the air preheater side, and a turbine that rotates with the combustion air heated by the air preheater to drive the compressor; a cooling device disposed between the turbine and the incinerator to cool the combustion air flowing out from the turbine; and a cooling device connected to the air introduction path to cool the combustion air flowing through the air introduction path. an air discharge path for discharging the air outside the introduction path, and the air discharge path is connected to a portion of the air introduction path that is upstream of the cooling device and downstream of the turbine. There is. In other words, the cooling device is disposed closer to the incinerator than the connecting portion of the air discharge path in the air introduction path.

According to this configuration, the amount of combustion air flowing into the cooling device can be reduced compared to the case where the cooling device is disposed closer to the turbine than the connecting portion of the air discharge path in the air introduction path. This makes it possible to further reduce the load on the cooling device.

In the waste treatment facility, the incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator, and includes a freeboard temperature detection section that detects the temperature of the freeboard in the incinerator, and a temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection section. The apparatus may further include a control section that controls the air inflow amount adjustment section so that the temperature approaches the target temperature.

In the waste treatment facility, the incinerator may be a fluidized bed incinerator. The waste treatment equipment includes a bypass path connected to the air introduction path so as to bypass the cooling device, a freeboard temperature detection section that detects the temperature of the freeboard in the incinerator, and the air introduction path. an air inflow amount adjustment unit that adjusts a ratio between an amount of combustion air flowing from the air into the bypass path and an amount of combustion air flowing from the air introduction path to the cooling device; and the freeboard temperature detection unit. The apparatus may further include a control section that controls the air inflow amount adjustment section so that the temperature detected by the section approaches the target temperature.

According to this configuration, by controlling the freeboard temperature to approach its target temperature using the bypass path and the air inflow adjustment section, the incinerator can be efficiently operated while maintaining the independent operation of the supercharger. Excessive temperature rise can be suppressed.

In the waste treatment facility, the incinerator may be a fluidized bed incinerator. The waste treatment equipment includes: a heat medium inflow amount adjustment section that adjusts the inflow amount of the heat medium supplied to the cooling device; a freeboard temperature detection section that detects the temperature of the freeboard in the incinerator; The heat exchanger may further include a control section that controls the heat medium inflow amount adjustment section so that the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection section approaches the target temperature.

According to this configuration, by controlling the temperature of the freeboard to approach its target temperature by adjusting the inflow amount of heat medium supplied to the cooling device, the self-sustaining operation of the supercharger can be maintained and efficient operation can be achieved. Excessive temperature rise inside the incinerator can be suppressed.

The waste treatment equipment may further include a furnace inlet temperature detection section that detects the temperature of the combustion air flowing between the cooling device and the incinerator in the air introduction path. The control section may control the air inflow amount adjustment section so that the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detection section approaches its target temperature. The target temperature of the furnace inlet temperature detection section may be a temperature calculated based on the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection section and the properties of the waste.

The waste treatment equipment may further include a furnace inlet temperature detection section that detects the temperature of the combustion air flowing between the cooling device and the incinerator in the air introduction path. The control section may control the heat medium inflow amount adjustment section so that the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detection section approaches the target temperature. The target temperature of the furnace inlet temperature detection section may be a temperature calculated based on the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection section and the properties of the waste.

According to this configuration, by using the furnace inlet temperature as a control index of the air inflow amount adjustment section or the heat medium inflow amount adjustment section, the stability of temperature control is improved compared to the case where the freeboard temperature is used as a control index. can be improved.

The waste treatment equipment may further include a fluidized bed temperature detection section that detects the temperature of the fluidized bed in the incinerator. The control section may control the air inflow amount adjustment section so that the temperature detected by the fluidized bed temperature detection section approaches its target temperature. The target temperature of the fluidized bed temperature detection section may be set based on the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection section and a correlation between the temperature of the freeboard and the temperature of the fluidized bed in the incinerator. .

The waste treatment equipment may further include a fluidized bed temperature detection section that detects the temperature of the fluidized bed in the incinerator. The control section may control the heat medium inflow amount adjustment section so that the temperature detected by the fluidized bed temperature detection section approaches its target temperature. The target temperature of the fluidized bed temperature detection section may be set based on the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection section and a correlation between the temperature of the freeboard and the temperature of the fluidized bed in the incinerator. .

According to this configuration, by using the temperature of the fluidized bed as a control index of the air inflow amount adjustment section or the heat medium inflow amount adjustment section, the stability of temperature control is improved compared to the case where the freeboard temperature is used as a control index. can be improved.

In the waste treatment facility, the cooling device may include a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the combustion air flowing out of the turbine and a heat medium supplied to the heat utilization facility.

According to this configuration, the heat recovered from the combustion air when cooling the combustion air can be effectively used in other equipment.

The waste treatment equipment further includes a water sprinkling section for sprinkling water into the incinerator, and the control section is configured to control the air inflow amount adjustment section for bringing the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection section closer to the target temperature. When executing the control, the control of the water sprinkling section may also be executed.

The waste treatment equipment further includes a water sprinkling unit for sprinkling water into the incinerator, and the control unit adjusts the heat medium inflow amount to bring the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection unit closer to the target temperature. When controlling the water spraying section, the water spraying section may be configured to be able to control the water spraying section at the same time.

As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a waste treatment facility that can suppress excessive temperature rise in an incinerator while maintaining self-sustaining operation of a supercharger.

1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a waste treatment facility according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a block diagram showing the composition of the control part in the above-mentioned waste processing equipment. It is a flowchart for explaining the opening control of the damper in the waste treatment facility. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of waste treatment equipment according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of waste treatment equipment according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. It is a block diagram showing the composition of the control part in the waste processing facility concerning Embodiment 3 of the present invention. It is a flowchart for explaining the opening degree control of the valve in the waste treatment equipment based on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the waste treatment facility based on Embodiment 4 of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A waste treatment facility according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below based on the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
First, the configuration of a waste treatment facility 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described based on FIGS. 1 and 2. The waste treatment facility 1 according to the present embodiment is a facility that incinerates waste such as sewage sludge, for example. As shown in FIG. 1, the waste treatment facility 1 includes an incinerator 10, an air introduction path 40, an air preheater 30, a supercharger 50 including a compressor 51 and a turbine 52, a cooling device 80, and a bypass. It mainly includes a path 83, an air inflow amount adjustment section 90, and an air discharge path 64.

The incinerator 10 incinerates waste such as sewage sludge, and is, for example, a fluidized bed incinerator. As shown in FIG. 1, a fluidized bed 16 filled with a fluidized medium such as sand is formed in the lower part of the incinerator 10, and the space above the fluidized bed 16 serves as a freeboard FB.

An exhaust gas outlet 10A is formed in the upper part of the incinerator 10. The air introduction path 40 is a path for guiding combustion air A1 to the incinerator 10. The air introduction path 40 has first to fourth paths 41 to 44, and the combustion air A1 flows through the first to fourth paths 41 to 44 in order and is introduced into the incinerator 10.

The first path 41 has an intake port (not shown) for the combustion air A1 at its upstream end, and is connected to the intake port of the compressor 51 at its downstream end. The second path 42 has an upstream end connected to the discharge port of the compressor 51 and a downstream end connected to the inlet of the air preheater 30. The third path 43 has an upstream end connected to the outlet of the air preheater 30 and a downstream end connected to the inlet of the turbine 52. The fourth path 44 has an upstream end connected to the discharge port of the turbine 52 and a downstream end connected to the combustion air inlet 10B of the incinerator 10.

The air preheater 30 heats the combustion air A1 flowing through the air introduction path 40 with the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 10. The air preheater 30 is constituted by a heat exchanger, and performs heat exchange between the exhaust gas G1 introduced from the exhaust gas path 20 and the combustion air A1 introduced from the second path 42.

The supercharger 50 is arranged in the air introduction path 40 , and includes a compressor 51 arranged upstream of the air preheater 30 in the air introduction path 40 and a compressor 51 arranged downstream of the air preheater 30 in the air introduction path 40 . It has a turbine 52 arranged at. The compressor 51 and the turbine 52 are connected to each other by a rotating shaft 53. Note that the "upstream side" and "downstream side" in the air introduction path 40 are based on the direction in which the combustion air A1 flows toward the incinerator 10.

The compressor 51 compresses the combustion air A1 taken in from the first path 41 and discharges the compressed combustion air A1 to the air preheater 30 side. The turbine 52 drives the compressor 51 by being rotated by the combustion air A1 heated by the air preheater 30. That is, the rotation of the turbine 52 is transmitted to the compressor 51 via the rotating shaft 53, thereby driving the compressor 51. In this embodiment, as an example, combustion air A1 at about 500 to 650° C. flows into the turbine 52, and combustion air A1 at about 400 to 550° C. flows out from the turbine 52, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The cooling device 80 cools the combustion air A1 flowing out from the turbine 52, and is arranged between the turbine 52 and the incinerator 10 (fourth path 44) in the air introduction path 40. The cooling device 80 in this embodiment is constituted by a heat exchanger, and includes a high temperature side flow path 81 through which combustion air A1 flowing out from the turbine 52 flows, and a heat medium H1 such as cooling water or cooling air (turbine A low-temperature side flow path 82 through which a medium (lower temperature than the combustion air A1 flowing out from the combustion air A1) flows. The cooling device 80 cools the combustion air A1 by exchanging heat between the combustion air A1 flowing through the high temperature side flow path 81 and the heat medium H1 flowing through the low temperature side flow path 82. In this embodiment, the heat medium H1 may be supplied to heat utilization equipment such as a binary power generation device after recovering heat from the combustion air A1.

The bypass path 83 is connected to the air introduction path 40 so as to bypass the cooling device 80. As shown in FIG. 1, the bypass path 83 includes an upstream end 83A connected to a portion of the fourth path 44 between the turbine 52 and the cooling device 80, and an upstream end 83A connected to a portion of the fourth path 44 between the cooling device 80 and the incinerator. 10, and a downstream end 83B connected to a portion between the downstream end 83B and the downstream end 83B.

The air inflow amount adjustment unit 90 controls the amount of combustion air A1 flowing from the fourth path 44 to the bypass path 83 and the amount of combustion air A1 flowing from the fourth path 44 to the cooling device 80 (high temperature side flow path 81). This is to adjust the ratio with the amount. Specifically, the air inflow amount adjustment section 90 includes a cooling inlet damper 91, a cooling outlet damper 92, and a bypass damper 93.

As shown in FIG. 1, the cooling inlet damper 91 is arranged in the fourth path 44 between the upstream end 83A of the bypass path 83 and the cooling device 80, and the bypass damper 93 is placed in the bypass path 83. ing. Further, a cooling outlet damper 92 is disposed in a portion of the fourth path 44 between the cooling device 80 and the downstream end 83B of the bypass path 83. Either one of the cooling inlet damper 91 and the cooling outlet damper 92 and the bypass damper 93 are configured to be adjustable in opening degree.

The air discharge path 64 is a path for discharging the combustion air A1 flowing through the air introduction path 40 to the outside of the air introduction path 40. As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, one end of the air discharge path 64 is connected to a portion of the fourth path 44 on the downstream side of the connection portion of the downstream end 83B of the bypass path 83. The other end of 64 is open to the outside air. That is, the cooling device 80 in this embodiment is arranged on the turbine 52 side (upstream side) of the connection part of the air discharge path 64 in the fourth path 44 . A blowoff valve V1 is disposed in the blowoff path 64, and by opening the blowoff valve V1, combustion air A1 flowing out from the cooling device 80 (high temperature side flow path 81) is discharged through the blowoff path 64. Released into the outside air.

The waste treatment equipment 1 further includes a freeboard temperature detection section 11, a fluidized bed temperature detection section 12, and a furnace inlet temperature detection section 13. The freeboard temperature detection unit 11 is a sensor that detects the temperature of the freeboard FB in the incinerator 10, and outputs a signal according to the detected temperature. The freeboard temperature detection unit 11 is provided above the fluidized bed 16 on the side of the incinerator 10 .

The fluidized bed temperature detection unit 12 is a sensor that detects the temperature of the fluidized bed 16 in the incinerator 10, and outputs a signal according to the detected temperature. The furnace inlet temperature detection unit 13 is a sensor that detects the temperature of the combustion air A1 flowing between the cooling device 80 and the incinerator 10 in the fourth path 44, and outputs a signal according to the detected temperature. As shown in FIG. 1, the furnace inlet temperature detection unit 13 in this embodiment is arranged at a portion of the fourth path 44 between the connection part of the air discharge path 64 and the incinerator 10. However, the position of the furnace inlet temperature detection section 13 is not limited to this, and for example, the furnace inlet temperature detection section 13 may be arranged in a wind box (not shown) below the fluidized bed 16 in the incinerator 10. .

The waste treatment facility 1 further includes a control section 100 (FIG. 2) that controls the air inflow amount adjustment section 90 so that the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection section 11 approaches the target temperature. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing each function of the control unit 100. As shown in FIG. 2, the control unit 100 includes a reception unit 101, a determination unit 102, an opening control unit 103, and a calculation unit 104.

The reception unit 101 receives detection signals from each of the freeboard temperature detection unit 11, the fluidized bed temperature detection unit 12, and the furnace inlet temperature detection unit 13. The determination unit 102 compares the detection data input to the reception unit 101 with the target temperature, and determines the magnitude relationship between them. The opening control section 103 controls the opening degrees of either one of the cooling inlet damper 91 and the cooling outlet damper 92 and the bypass damper 93 based on the determination result by the determining section 102 . The calculation unit 104 determines the target temperature of the furnace inlet temperature detection unit 13 based on the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection unit 11 and the properties of the waste input into the incinerator 10 (for example, the water content of sewage sludge). Calculate. The reception unit 101, the determination unit 102, the opening degree control unit 103, and the calculation unit 104 are functions executed by the central processing unit of the computer that constitutes the control unit 100.

In this embodiment, the control unit 100 controls the air inflow amount adjustment unit 90 so that the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detection unit 13 approaches the target temperature. That is, by controlling the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detection section 13 to approach the target temperature, the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection section 11 approaches the target temperature as a result. This control will be explained below according to the flowchart of FIG.

First, a target temperature of the furnace inlet temperature detection section 13 is set (step S10). Specifically, the freeboard temperature detection unit 11 determines the temperature based on the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection unit 11 and the properties of the waste input into the incinerator 10 (for example, the water content of sewage sludge, etc.). The target temperature of the furnace inlet temperature detection section 13 necessary to bring the detected temperature to the target temperature is calculated and set by heat balance calculation. This calculation and setting may be performed by the calculation unit 104, or the target temperature may be set manually as appropriate depending on the actual operating state.

In this embodiment, the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection unit 11 is set to 850 to 880°C as an example, and based on this and the water content of the sewage sludge, the target temperature of the furnace inlet temperature detection unit 13 is set to 300°C, for example. Set to ℃.

Next, during steady operation of the waste treatment equipment 1, that is, while the combustion air A1 passes through the compressor 51, the air preheater 30, and the turbine 52 in order and is introduced into the incinerator 10, the furnace inlet temperature detection section 13 detects the temperature of the combustion air A1 (step S20), and the detection signal is input to the reception unit 101. Then, the determination unit 102 determines whether or not the detected temperature exceeds the target temperature set in step S10 (step S30).

If it is determined that the detected temperature exceeds the target temperature (YES in step S30), the opening degree control unit 103 increases the opening degree of the cooling inlet damper 91 and increases the opening degree of the bypass damper 93. (step S40). As a result, the amount of combustion air A1 flowing into the cooling device 80 increases, and the amount of combustion air A1 flowing into the bypass path 83 decreases. The opening control unit 103 may increase only the opening of the cooling inlet damper 91 without changing the opening of the bypass damper 93, or may increase the opening of the bypass damper 93 without changing the opening of the cooling inlet damper 91. It is also possible to reduce only the degree.

Next, after changing the opening degrees of the cooling inlet damper 91 and the bypass damper 93, or if the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detection unit 13 does not exceed the target temperature (NO in step S30), the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detection unit 13 The determining unit 102 determines whether or not the temperature is lower than the target temperature (step S50). If the detected temperature is less than the target temperature (YES in step S50), the opening degree control unit 103 decreases the opening degree of the cooling inlet damper 91 and increases the opening degree of the bypass damper 93 ( Step S60). As a result, the amount of combustion air A1 flowing into the cooling device 80 decreases, and the amount of combustion air A1 flowing into the bypass path 83 increases. The opening control unit 103 may reduce only the opening of the cooling inlet damper 91 without changing the opening of the bypass damper 93, or may reduce the opening of the bypass damper 93 without changing the opening of the cooling inlet damper 91. It is also possible to increase only the degree.

After changing the opening degrees of the cooling inlet damper 91 and the bypass damper 93, or if the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detection unit 13 is not lower than the target temperature (NO in step S50), the process proceeds to step S70, and the control termination condition is satisfied. Determine whether or not to do so. Then, if the termination condition is satisfied (YES in step S70), the control is terminated, and if the termination condition is not satisfied (NO in step S70), the process returns to step S20 and the damper opening control is continued.

As described above, according to the waste treatment equipment 1 according to the present embodiment, the high temperature (approximately 500 to 700° C.) combustion air A1 heated by the air preheater 30 is allowed to flow into the turbine 52, and from the turbine 52 The combustion air A1 cooled by the cooling device 80 after flowing out can be guided into the incinerator 10. As a result, the temperature of the combustion air A1 required to prevent the temperature inside the incinerator 10 from exceeding the heat-resistant temperature of the incinerator 10 and the heat exchanger (air preheater 30) located downstream of the incinerator 10 is reduced. Even if the temperature of the combustion air A1 is lower than the temperature of the combustion air A1 required to maintain the self-sustaining operation of the supercharger 50, it can be handled by lowering the temperature of the combustion air A1 after flowing out from the turbine 52. . Therefore, according to the waste treatment facility 1 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to suppress excessive temperature rise in the incinerator 10 while maintaining self-sustaining operation of the supercharger 50.

Note that in this embodiment, the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection section 11 is not used as the control index for the air inflow amount adjustment section 90, but the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detection section 13 is used as the control index. During the process, the target temperature of the furnace inlet temperature detection section 13 may be changed. Specifically, during steady operation of the waste treatment equipment 1, the freeboard temperature detection unit 11 continues to detect the temperature, and even though the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detection unit 13 is the target temperature, the freeboard temperature is not detected. When the temperature detected by section 11 is higher than the target temperature, the target temperature of furnace inlet temperature detection section 13 may be lowered. Furthermore, if the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detector 11 is lower than the target temperature even though the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detector 13 is the target temperature, the target temperature of the furnace inlet temperature detector 13 is increased. You can.

(Embodiment 2)
Next, a waste treatment facility 1A according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG. 4. The waste treatment equipment 1A according to the second embodiment basically has the same configuration and has the same effects as the waste treatment equipment 1 according to the first embodiment, but has a cooling device 80 and an air blowing path 64. It differs from Embodiment 1 in the positional relationship with . Hereinafter, only the points different from the first embodiment will be explained.

As shown in FIG. 4, the cooling device 80 in this embodiment is arranged on the incinerator 10 side (downstream side) of the air introduction path 40 (fourth path 44) from the connection part of the air discharge path 64. . More specifically, one end of the air discharge path 64 is connected to the fourth path 44 on the downstream side of the turbine 52 and on the upstream side of the upstream end 83A of the bypass path 83. The end is open to the outside air. Further, in the second embodiment, the heat medium H1 used for cooling the combustion air A1 may be sent to the heat utilization equipment and used for heat utilization, or may be discarded without being sent to the heat utilization equipment. good.

According to the waste treatment facility 1A according to the second embodiment, the combustion air A1 flows into the cooling device 80 after flowing out from the turbine 52 and being partially released through the air discharge path 64. Therefore, compared to the case where the cooling device 80 is disposed closer to the turbine 52 than the connection part of the air discharge path 64 in the fourth path 44 as in the first embodiment, the combustion air A1 flowing into the cooling device 80 is can reduce the amount of Thereby, the load on the cooling device 80 can be further reduced.

(Embodiment 3)
Next, a waste treatment facility 1B according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be explained based on FIGS. 5 to 7. The waste treatment equipment 1B according to the third embodiment basically has the same configuration as the waste treatment equipment 1 according to the first embodiment and has the same effects, but has a bypass path 83 and a cooling inlet damper 91. , is different from the first embodiment in that a heat medium inflow amount adjusting section 84 is provided instead of the cooling outlet damper 92 and the bypass damper 93. Hereinafter, only the points different from the first embodiment will be explained.

The heat medium inflow amount adjustment unit 84 is for adjusting the flow rate of the heat medium H1 supplied to the cooling device 80, and is constituted by a valve whose opening degree can be adjusted (heat medium inlet valve). As shown in FIG. 5 , the heat medium inflow amount adjusting section 84 is arranged on the upstream side of the cooling device 80 in the heat medium flow path 80A connected to the low temperature side flow path 82 of the cooling device 80.

The control unit 100 controls the heat medium inflow amount adjustment unit 84 so that the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection unit 11 approaches the target temperature (FIGS. 6 and 7). FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the opening degree control of the heat medium inflow amount adjusting section 84 (heat medium inlet valve) by the control section 100 (opening degree control section 103). Compared to FIG. 3, the control flow in FIG. 7 increases the opening degree of the heat medium inlet valve instead of increasing the opening degree of the cooling inlet damper 91 and decreasing the opening degree of the bypass damper 93 in step S40. (step S41), and instead of decreasing the opening degree of the cooling inlet damper 91 and increasing the opening degree of the bypass damper 93 in step S60, the opening degree of the heat medium inlet valve is decreased (step S61). The control flow is the same as that of FIG.

(Embodiment 4)
Next, a waste treatment facility 1C according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described based on FIG. 8. The waste treatment equipment 1C according to the fourth embodiment basically has the same configuration as the waste treatment equipment 1 according to the first embodiment and has the same effects, but at the connection position of the air discharge path 64. This is different from the first embodiment. Hereinafter, only the points different from the first embodiment will be explained.

As shown in FIG. 8, the upstream end of the air discharge path 64 is located downstream of the cooling device 80 in the air introduction path 40 (fourth path 44) and upstream of the connection point of the downstream end 83B of the bypass path 83. connected to the side. More specifically, the upstream end of the air discharge path 64 is connected to the incinerator 10 side (downstream side) of the cooling outlet damper 92 in the fourth path 44 .

As a result, before the combustion air A1 cooled by the cooling device 80 is mixed with the high temperature combustion air A1 flowing through the bypass path 83 (combustion air A1 not cooled by the cooling device 80), the fourth It can be discharged out of path 44. As a result, the diameter of the pipes and ducts constituting the air discharge path 64 can be made smaller compared to the case where the air is mixed with the high-temperature combustion air A1 flowing through the bypass path 83 and then released as in the first embodiment. Can be done.

(Other embodiments)
Other embodiments of the present invention will now be described.

In the first and third embodiments described above, a case has been described in which the damper opening degree of the air inflow amount adjustment section 90 or the valve opening degree of the heat medium inflow amount adjustment section 84 is controlled based on the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detection section 13. , but not limited to. In the first embodiment described above, the control section 100 may control the air inflow amount adjustment section 90 so that the temperature detected by the fluidized bed temperature detection section 12 approaches the target temperature. In this case, the damper opening degree is controlled in the same manner as in the flowchart of FIG. 3, except that the fluidized bed temperature is used as a control index instead of the furnace inlet temperature. Further, the target temperature of the fluidized bed temperature detection section 12 is set based on the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection section 11 and the correlation between the temperature of the freeboard FB and the temperature of the fluidized bed 16 in the incinerator 10. . This correlation is obtained from the past operation results of the waste treatment facility 1. Note that the target temperature of the fluidized bed temperature detection section 12 may be maintained at a value set based on the above correlation, or the target temperature of the fluidized bed temperature detection section 12 may be maintained based on the detected temperature of the free board FB. You may change it as appropriate.

Further, in the third embodiment, the control section 100 may control the heat medium inflow amount adjustment section 84 so that the temperature detected by the fluidized bed temperature detection section 12 approaches the target temperature. In this case, the valve opening degree is controlled in the same manner as in the flowchart of FIG. 7, except that the fluidized bed temperature is used as a control index instead of the furnace inlet temperature. Similarly to the above, the target temperature of the fluidized bed temperature detection section 12 is based on the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection section 11 and the correlation between the temperature of the freeboard FB and the temperature of the fluidized bed 16 in the incinerator 10. is set.

Further, in the first and third embodiments described above, the damper opening degree of the air inflow amount adjustment section 90 or the valve opening degree of the heat medium inflow amount adjustment section 84 may be controlled based on the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection section 11. . Even in these cases, the same control as in the flowcharts of FIGS. 3 and 7 is possible. Further, in the third embodiment, the heat medium inflow amount adjusting section 84 may be arranged downstream of the cooling device 80 in the heat medium flow path 80A connected to the low temperature side flow path 82 of the cooling device 80. good.

In the waste treatment equipment 1 of the first embodiment, a water spraying section for sprinkling water into the incinerator 10 (freeboard FB) and a water adding section for adding water into the sludge injector may be further provided. These can be used supplementarily in conjunction with the cooling device 80 when it is difficult to control the temperature of the freeboard FB using only the cooling device 80.

In the first embodiment described above, a case has been described in which the opening degrees of the cooling inlet damper 91 and the bypass damper 93 are automatically controlled by the control unit 100, but the opening degrees of the cooling inlet damper 91 and the bypass damper 93 may be controlled manually. .

In the first embodiment, a fluidized bed incinerator was described as an example of an incinerator, but the present invention is also applicable to other incinerators. Further, the type of waste is not limited to sewage sludge, and may be, for example, municipal waste.

The embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative in all respects and should be understood not to be restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes within the meaning and range equivalent to the claims are included.

10 Incinerator 11 Freeboard temperature detection section 12 Fluidized bed temperature detection section 13 Furnace inlet temperature detection section 30 Air preheater 40 Air introduction path 50 Supercharger 51 Compressor 52 Turbine 64 Air discharge path 80 Cooling device 83 Bypass path 84 Heat medium Inflow amount adjustment section 90 Air inflow amount adjustment section 100 Control section A1 Combustion air FB Freeboard G1 Exhaust gas H1 Heat medium

Claims (13)

An incinerator that incinerates waste;
an air introduction path for guiding combustion air to the incinerator;
an air preheater that heats the combustion air flowing through the air introduction path with exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator;
A supercharger disposed in the air introduction path, which includes a compressor that compresses the combustion air and discharges the compressed combustion air to the air preheater side, and a supercharger that is heated by the air preheater. the supercharger including a turbine that is rotated by the combustion air to drive the compressor;
a cooling device that is disposed between the turbine and the incinerator in the air introduction path and cools the combustion air flowing out from the turbine;
an air discharge path connected to the air introduction path and for discharging the combustion air flowing through the air introduction path to the outside of the air introduction path;
The air discharge path is connected to a part of the air introduction path that is downstream of the cooling device and upstream of the incinerator. An incinerator that incinerates waste;
an air introduction path for guiding combustion air to the incinerator;
an air preheater that heats the combustion air flowing through the air introduction path with exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator;
A supercharger disposed in the air introduction path, which includes a compressor that compresses the combustion air and discharges the compressed combustion air to the air preheater side, and a supercharger that is heated by the air preheater. the supercharger including a turbine that is rotated by the combustion air to drive the compressor;
a cooling device that is disposed between the turbine and the incinerator in the air introduction path and cools the combustion air flowing out from the turbine;
a bypass path connected to the air introduction path so as to bypass the cooling device;
an air inflow amount adjustment unit that adjusts a ratio between the amount of combustion air flowing from the air introduction path to the bypass path and the amount of combustion air flowing from the air introduction path to the cooling device;
an air discharge path for discharging the combustion air flowing through the air introduction path to the outside of the air introduction path;
The air discharge path is connected to a portion of the air introduction path that is downstream of the cooling device and upstream of a connection portion at the downstream end of the bypass path. An incinerator that incinerates waste;
an air introduction path for guiding combustion air to the incinerator;
an air preheater that heats the combustion air flowing through the air introduction path with exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator;
A supercharger disposed in the air introduction path, which includes a compressor that compresses the combustion air and discharges the compressed combustion air to the air preheater side, and a supercharger that is heated by the air preheater. the supercharger including a turbine that is rotated by the combustion air to drive the compressor;
a cooling device that is disposed between the turbine and the incinerator in the air introduction path and cools the combustion air flowing out from the turbine;
an air discharge path connected to the air introduction path and for discharging the combustion air flowing through the air introduction path to the outside of the air introduction path;
The air discharge path is connected to a part of the air introduction path that is upstream of the cooling device and downstream of the turbine. The incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator,
a freeboard temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the freeboard in the incinerator;
The waste treatment facility according to claim 2, further comprising: a control section that controls the air inflow amount adjustment section so that the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection section approaches the target temperature. The incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator,
a bypass path connected to the air introduction path so as to bypass the cooling device;
a freeboard temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the freeboard in the incinerator;
an air inflow amount adjustment unit that adjusts a ratio between the amount of combustion air flowing from the air introduction path to the bypass path and the amount of combustion air flowing from the air introduction path to the cooling device;
The waste treatment equipment according to claim 1 or 3, further comprising a control section that controls the air inflow amount adjustment section so that the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection section approaches the target temperature. The incinerator is a fluidized bed incinerator,
a heat medium inflow amount adjusting section that adjusts the inflow amount of the heat medium supplied to the cooling device;
a freeboard temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the freeboard in the incinerator;
The waste treatment equipment according to claim 1 or 3, further comprising: a control section that controls the heat medium inflow amount adjustment section so that the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection section approaches the target temperature. Further comprising a furnace inlet temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the combustion air flowing between the cooling device and the incinerator in the air introduction path,
The control unit is configured to control the air inflow amount adjustment unit so that the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detection unit approaches its target temperature,
The waste treatment equipment according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the target temperature of the furnace inlet temperature detection section is a temperature calculated based on the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection section and the properties of the waste. Further comprising a furnace inlet temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the combustion air flowing between the cooling device and the incinerator in the air introduction path,
The control unit is configured to control the heat medium inflow amount adjustment unit so that the temperature detected by the furnace inlet temperature detection unit approaches its target temperature,
The waste treatment equipment according to claim 6, wherein the target temperature of the furnace inlet temperature detection section is a temperature calculated based on the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection section and the properties of the waste. Further comprising a fluidized bed temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the fluidized bed in the incinerator,
The control unit is configured to control the air inflow amount adjustment unit so that the temperature detected by the fluidized bed temperature detection unit approaches its target temperature,
The target temperature of the fluidized bed temperature detection section is set based on the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection section and a correlation between the temperature of the freeboard and the temperature of the fluidized bed in the incinerator. Waste treatment equipment according to item 4 or 5. Further comprising a fluidized bed temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the fluidized bed in the incinerator,
The control unit is configured to control the heat medium inflow amount adjustment unit so that the temperature detected by the fluidized bed temperature detection unit approaches its target temperature,
The target temperature of the fluidized bed temperature detection section is set based on the target temperature of the freeboard temperature detection section and a correlation between the temperature of the freeboard and the temperature of the fluidized bed in the incinerator. Waste treatment equipment according to item 6. 11. The cooling device includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the combustion air flowing out of the turbine and a heat medium supplied to a heat utilization facility. Waste treatment equipment as described in . Further comprising a water sprinkling unit for sprinkling water into the incinerator,
The control unit is configured to be able to control the water sprinkling unit when controlling the air inflow amount adjustment unit to bring the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection unit closer to the target temperature. The waste treatment equipment according to any one of claims 4, 5, 7 and 9. Further comprising a water sprinkling unit for sprinkling water into the incinerator,
The control unit is configured to be able to control the water sprinkling unit when controlling the heat medium inflow rate adjustment unit to bring the temperature detected by the freeboard temperature detection unit close to the target temperature. , the waste treatment equipment according to any one of claims 6, 8 and 10.