JP2024007134A - Natural kelp growing apparatus, and method for propagating natural kelp using the natural kelp growing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a natural kelp growing apparatus that can grow natural kelp with a simple and inexpensive configuration without spending a lot of money and to provide a method for propagating natural kelp using the natural kelp growing apparatus.SOLUTION: A natural kelp growing apparatus comprises: an appressorium made of resin; a rope with one end attached to the bottom of the appressorium; an anchor weight attached to the other end of the rope; a prevention part provided in the middle of the rope and preventing sea urchins that feed on natural kelp from climbing up the appressorium along the rope; and a float attached to the top of the appressorium.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to growing natural kelp, and more specifically, to a natural kelp growing device that can germinate and grow natural kelp and that can be easily relocated and moved, and a device for growing natural kelp that can be used to grow natural kelp. This invention relates to a method for propagating natural kelp by expanding the area where kelp grows.

In recent years, natural kelp has been decreasing, which has affected the amount of kelp caught. Causes of the decline in natural kelp include feeding damage by sea urchins, rising seawater temperatures, environmental changes due to man-made structures (port development), and a decrease in nutrient salts. The production of farmed kelp has become popular in order to stabilize the kelp catch, but since farmed kelp also uses natural kelp as its mother algae, a decrease in natural kelp will also affect the production of farmed kelp.

The factor that most affects the decline of natural kelp is feeding damage by sea urchins. When sea urchins occur in large numbers in areas with high seawater temperatures, their feeding activity increases and they eat up all the young kelp buds that would normally germinate during the low water temperature period, resulting in a drastic decrease in kelp in the first year. do. Then, unsegmented coralline algae (unsegmented calcareous algae), which have a calcium carbonate skeleton and are hard like stones, breed and cover the surfaces of rocks and stones to which kelp is not attached, and kelp zoospores become attached to them. This will further impede the reproduction of kelp.

Several methods have been proposed for regenerating or propagating natural kelp.
For example, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-59454) is a technology in which natural kelp spores (zoospores) are allowed to grow on an artificial kelp reef made of ceramic blocks. With this technology, the shape of the kelp reef not only prevents sea urchins from feeding on it, but also provides the perfect feeding ground for sea urchins. Furthermore, even if the artificial kelp reef is installed in an inappropriate location or if the kelp can no longer grow, it is not easy to relocate or dispose of it.

Patent Document 2 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-110612) is a technique for growing kelp by hanging wood ash ceramics with artificial seedlings attached into the sea like a curtain curtain. Although this technology can prevent feeding damage caused by sea urchins, it does not contribute to the proliferation of natural kelp. In other words, even if the kelp grows and releases zoospores until the second year, and the released zoospores attach to rocks on the ocean floor and germinate smoothly, if sea urchins are breeding there, they will not be eaten by feeding damage. It cannot be prevented. Moreover, even if it turns out that the place where this device was installed is not an appropriate place, it is not easy to relocate it. Furthermore, even if the wood ash ceramic kelp dies within its lifespan, it is difficult to collect the wood ash ceramic noren, clean it, attach new artificial seedlings, and return it to the sea.

Publication No. 58-59454 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-110612

The present invention aims to provide a natural kelp growing device that makes it possible to grow natural kelp with a simple and inexpensive configuration without spending a lot of money, and a method for propagating natural kelp using the natural kelp growing device. Do an assignment.

The present invention provides a natural kelp growing device installed in the sea. The natural kelp growing device consists of a resin appressorium, a rope with one end attached to the bottom of the appressorium, an anchor weight attached to the other end of the rope, and a device installed in the middle of the rope that uses natural kelp as bait. The present invention includes a prevention part for preventing sea urchins from climbing up the appressorium along the rope, and a float attached to the upper part of the appressorium.

The adhesion device may also include a plurality of adhesion members connected vertically in the sea. Preferably, the applicator is a polyethylene pipe.

The rope preferably has a length such that the appressorium is located at a depth of water that sunlight can reach, and the length of the rope is such that the vertical center portion of the appressorium is located at a depth of 1.3 m to 1.7 m from the sea surface. is more preferable.

The present invention further provides a method of propagating natural kelp. This method includes a first installation step of installing the plurality of natural kelp growing devices described above in either or both of a natural kelp habitat and its surrounding sea area during the zoospore release period of natural kelp. The method further includes a confirmation step of confirming the germination state of natural kelp in the appressorium of the natural kelp growing device, and collecting any natural kelp growing devices in which germination was not confirmed among the natural kelp growing devices. , including a growth step of leaving the natural kelp growing device that has been confirmed to germinate to grow natural kelp. The method further includes a relocation step of relocating a part of the germinated natural kelp growing device to a non-breeding place for natural kelp before the natural kelp grown in the germinated natural kelp growing device where germination has been confirmed starts to wither; At the time of releasing the zoospores of the natural kelp grown in the germinated natural kelp growing device that was not relocated in the relocation process, a new plurality of natural kelp growing devices are installed in either or both of the germinated natural kelp growing device. 2 installation steps. A portion of the natural kelp is harvested in the first harvesting step.

The method includes, after the relocation step, a third installation step in which a plurality of new natural kelp growing devices are installed in either or both of the non-breeding area to which the germinated natural kelp growing device was relocated and the surrounding sea area; Preferably, the method further includes a second harvesting step of harvesting a portion of the natural kelp at either or both of the breeding site and the surrounding sea area. The relocation step may include a step of relocating a further part of the germinated natural kelp growing device and/or another part of the germinated natural kelp growing device to the cultured kelp growing facility. is preferred.

According to the present invention, by using a natural kelp growing device with a simple and inexpensive configuration, it is possible to install the device to a location suitable for growing natural kelp and relocate it according to necessity without incurring large costs. It is easy to use, and can be easily collected after use to prevent ocean pollution and waste plastics from flowing out. Further, according to the present invention, natural kelp can be propagated even in places where natural kelp would not normally propagate (eg, sandy soil, etc.), thereby making it possible to propagate natural kelp.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a natural kelp growing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a natural kelp growing device according to another embodiment of the present invention. It is a flow diagram showing a process of growing natural kelp using a natural kelp growing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a facility for cultivating natural kelp for the second year using a natural kelp growing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

(Natural kelp growing device)
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a natural kelp growing device 1 (hereinafter referred to as device 1) according to an embodiment of the present invention. Since the device 1 has a simple and inexpensive configuration, it is possible to grow natural kelp without spending a lot of money. In addition, device 1 is easy to install in a location suitable for growing natural kelp, relocate or move as needed, and can be easily collected after use to prevent ocean pollution and waste plastic outflow. can. Installation, relocation, movement, and recovery of the device 1 can be easily performed using an existing kelp work boat.

The device 1 has an appressorium 2 that serves as a base material on which zoospores attach and natural kelp grows. It is preferable that the appressorium 2 is capable of fixing natural kelp zoospores, is easy to handle, is inexpensive, has long-term durability, and can be reused by washing. As the material for the applicator 2, for example, resins such as polyethylene and hard vinyl chloride can be used, and it is more preferable to use polyethylene. The shape of the applicator 2 can be a pipe shape, a flat plate shape, a rod shape, etc., but a pipe shape is more preferable. That is, the applicator 2 is most preferably a polyethylene pipe.

In the case of a polyethylene pipe, which is most preferred as the adhesion device 2, its length and diameter are not limited as long as it provides a surface area sufficient to obtain the adhesion force of natural kelp. The adhesion device 2 made of polyethylene pipe may have a length of about 40 cm and a diameter of about 10 cm, for example.

One end of a rope 3 is attached to the lower part 2a of the applicator 2. The material of the rope 3 is not limited as long as it has sufficient strength. The method of attaching the rope 3 to the lower part 2a is not particularly limited, but simply tying the rope 3 to a hole provided in the applicator 2 will prevent the rope from being attached when the device 1 shakes greatly during stormy weather. 3 may be cut off. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1(b), holes are made in each of the opposing walls of the lower part 2a, a rod-shaped member 2c is passed through the two holes in the radial direction inside, and the rope 3 is tied to the rod-shaped member 2c. Preferably, the rope 3 is attached to the applicator 2 by this method.

The length of the rope 3 is adjusted appropriately according to the water depth at the location where the device 1 is installed. For example, it is possible to prepare a plurality of ropes 3 having different lengths and use the appropriate length of the rope 3 depending on the water depth at the installation location. The length of the rope 3 is preferably such that the appressorium 2 is located at a depth of water that sunlight can reach, and the vertical center portion of the appressorium 2 is located at a depth of 1.3 to 1.7 m from the sea surface. It is more preferable that the length is as long as possible.

An anchor weight 4 is attached to the other end of the rope 3 to prevent the device 1 from being washed away. The type of anchor weight 4 is not particularly limited, and for example, concrete weights, cobblestones, etc. can be selected as appropriate depending on the situation at the installation location. If a boulder is used as the anchor weight 4, even in the unlikely event of a temporary spill, there is a low possibility that it will have a negative impact on the environment.In addition, there is a possibility that natural kelp will adhere to the boulder itself, so it will be easier to grow natural kelp. Contribute to The weight of the anchor weight 4 is determined in consideration of the portability and ease of handling of the device 1, and the influence of tides and waves during stormy weather on the natural kelp that grows attached to the appressorium 2. Ru.

The rope 3 is provided with a sea urchin prevention part 5 to prevent sea urchins from climbing up the rope 3 to the appressorium 2 for the purpose of preventing the sea urchins from being eaten. Although not limited to the sea urchin prevention section 5, a flat plate-like device having a rope 3 passed through the center, which has a function similar to a so-called mouse-gaesing device, can be used. The material of the sea urchin prevention part 5 is not particularly limited, and for example, resin, wood, metal, etc. can be used as appropriate. The position where the sea urchin prevention part 5 is attached to the rope 3 is not particularly limited, and it can be attached to the center part of the rope 3, for example. The size of the sea urchin prevention part 5 is not particularly limited as long as it can effectively prevent sea urchins from traveling along the rope 3 toward the appressorium 2.

A float 6 is attached to the upper part 2b of the applicator 2, either directly or via a short rope. A float 6 is attached to stretch the rope 3 and float the appressorium 2 in the sea. In the device 1, the float 6 may be small because both the appressorium 2 and the natural kelp itself attached thereto generate buoyancy. By extending another rope from this float 6 and attaching a smaller, brightly colored marker float 7, the installation location of the device 1 can be easily discovered.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a natural kelp growing device according to another embodiment of the present invention. In addition, in FIG. 2, the sea urchin prevention part 5 is omitted. FIG. 2(a) shows an apparatus 1A in which the applicator 2 of FIG. 1 is installed horizontally. The apparatus 1A has an applicator 2A made of a polyethylene pipe placed sideways. In this embodiment, the end of the applicator 2A is attached to the rope 3, but the rope 3 can also be attached to the central portion of the applicator 2A in the longitudinal direction. By using the apparatus 1A, zoospores can be more reliably attached to the appressorium in places where natural kelp breeding water is deep. Moreover, FIG. 2(b) shows an apparatus 1B in which a plurality of applicators 2 of FIG. 1 are installed horizontally. The apparatus 1B has an applicator 2B including a plurality of adhering members 2B made of polyethylene pipes oriented horizontally. In this embodiment, each of the plurality of attachment members 2B is attached to the rope 3 at its longitudinal center portion, but the end portion of the attachment device 2B may also be attached to the rope 3. By using the device 1B, pipe resistance can be reduced even in places where the current is fast, so there is no need to increase the weight of the anchor weight more than necessary.

(Natural kelp propagation method using natural kelp growing device)
Next, a method for growing natural kelp using apparatus 1 will be explained. FIG. 3 is a flow diagram showing the process of growing natural kelp.

First, a location for installing the device 1 is selected (step 31 in FIG. 3). Although natural kelp is in sharp decline, kelp fishermen have a rough idea of where wild kelp lives, based on experience. It is also known when natural kelp releases zoospores in its second year. Therefore, at the time of zoospore release of the second-year natural kelp, the device 1 is installed at a place where the second-year natural kelp inhabits and/or at an appropriate location in the surrounding sea area (step 32). Since ocean currents are unpredictable due to the ebb and flow of the tide and the topography of the ocean floor, it is preferable to take ocean currents into account and install a plurality of devices 1 over locations where zoospores are likely to wash ashore. The time to install the device 1 (that is, the time when zoospores are released from second-year natural kelp) is approximately September. Zoospores released from natural kelp adhere to the appressorium 2 of the device 1.

The location where the device 1 is installed is preferably a relatively shallow location where the water depth is about 3 m at high tide. This is because this water depth is moderately susceptible to the effects of waves and allows sufficient sunlight to be obtained even when transparency is low. By being moderately influenced by the waves, natural kelp can be naturally sorted out between natural kelp with strong adhesion and natural kelp with weak adhesion. Another advantage of these locations is that sea urchins that feed on natural kelp are easily washed away by waves, making it easier to prevent feeding damage.

In such a place, the device 1 is preferably installed such that the applicator 2 of the device 1 is located at a depth of water where sunlight can sufficiently reach, and more preferably, the applicator 2 of the device 1 is located at the vertical center portion of the applicator 2 of the device 1. will be installed at a depth of 1.3m to 1.7m from the sea surface.

The zoospores attached to the appressorium 2 germinate and become gametophytes. This period is generally around November of the year, and at this point, the germination state in the device 1 is confirmed (step 33). In principle, the device 1 in which germination has been confirmed in the appressorium 2 (germinated device) is left as is to allow the gametophyte to grow. It is preferable to collect the device 1 in which germination has not been confirmed as soon as possible, since if left unattended, seaweed, knotless coralline algae, etc. will breed in the appressorium 2 (step 34). Alternatively, if germination is not confirmed in any of the devices 1, there is a high possibility that the location is not suitable for growing natural kelp, so you can easily collect the device 1 and relocate it to another location. be able to.

Check the germination status and if the natural kelp is likely to become overcrowded, there is a risk that it will lack nutrients if left as is. In such a situation, it is preferable to thin out a part of the device 1 and relocate it to another location. Further, during a period when drift ice comes ashore in Hokkaido, for example, the device 1 can be easily moved to a deep water location to prevent damage to the device 1 due to drift ice. Each device 1 has a simple structure and can be easily moved to another location.

In device 1 where germination is confirmed and left as is, the first-year natural kelp grows around the spring of the following year after overwintering in the state of young sporophytes. Natural kelp grows until around summer, and then begins to wither from the tips of the leaves. Before the kelp begins to wither (approximately around September), a part of the device 1 is collected and relocated to a non-breeding area where natural kelp normally does not breed, such as a sandy sea area (step 35). By placing a new plurality of devices 1 at the location where a part of the device 1 has been relocated and in the surrounding sea area, around September of the next year, during the second year of zoospore release of natural kelp (step 36), Prepare for zoospore release. In this way, by relocating a part of the device 1 to a non-breeding area of natural kelp and placing a new device 1 there, you can use that place as a new breeding ground for natural kelp and propagate natural kelp. can be done. It is also possible to create a marine kelp forest by repeating the same process, creating a breeding ground for natural kelp in vast sandy areas where seaweed would normally not grow. Sandy waters are not suitable for sea urchins to live in, as they have no place to hide, so they can also prevent feeding damage.

Among the devices 1 for which germination has been confirmed, those that are not relocated to a non-propagation location are left as they are (step 35). First-year natural kelp grows in the abandoned device 1, and after the leaf tips wither, second-year natural kelp grows from the remaining roots in the spring of the following year. When the second-year natural kelp grows further and the time comes to release zoospores (i.e., around September), a plurality of new devices 1 are installed at that location and/or in the surrounding sea area (step 37). ). Zoospores adhere to the applicator 2 of the new device 1. That is, at this time, a plurality of devices 1 in which second-year natural kelp is growing and new devices 1 with zoospores attached are mixed together.

A portion of the second year natural kelp is harvested prior to release of zoospores (step 38). A portion of the natural kelp can be similarly harvested at the location relocated in step 36. Harvesting of natural kelp is performed in a part of the apparatus 1 where second-year natural kelp is growing. The remaining natural kelp in the device 1 that does not harvest natural kelp is left as it is for zoospore release, and after the zoospore release, the natural kelp is discarded. Since new natural kelp will not grow in the appressorium 2 from which natural kelp has been harvested, it is preferable that the device 1 be recovered. Further, it is desirable that the device 1 in which the natural kelp for releasing zoospores is grown is also recovered after releasing the zoospores. As described above, each device 1 has a simple structure and is easy to recover. The recovered device 1 can be reused after being dried, cleaned, repaired, etc.

In another embodiment, the device 1 that has been left as it is after germination has been confirmed can be transferred to a conventional cultured kelp growing facility before the grown natural kelp (first year) begins to wither. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram in which a device 1', in which anchor weights 4 have been removed from a plurality of devices 1 in which germination has been confirmed, is installed in a conventional cultured kelp growing facility 10. Although the marker float 7 of the device 1 is not shown in FIG. 4, the marker float 7 may be attached as is or may be removed.

In the above explanation, it has been explained that some of the devices 1 in which germination has been confirmed are moved to a non-breeding area for natural kelp (step 35), but it is also possible to move a plurality of devices 1' to a conventional cultured kelp breeding facility. It can also be installed (step 39). Even if the device 1' is a part of the device 1 in which germination has been confirmed (i.e., the part of the device relocated in step 35), the device 1' is a part other than the part (i.e., the part of the device relocated in step 35). , a part of the device in which germination was confirmed in step 34), or both of them. In either case, the device 1' can be installed in a conventional cultured kelp growing facility by removing the anchor weight 4 from the device 1 and attaching the other end of the rope 3 to the rope 30 of the cultured kelp growing facility 10. Cultured kelp is originally one-year-old forced-grown kelp, but by relocating the device 1 after germination is confirmed to the same facility, two-year-old cultured kelp can be produced during the culture period of forced-grown kelp. I can do it.

1, 1A, 1B Natural kelp growing device 2, 2A Adhesive device 2B Adhering member 3 Rope 4 Anchor weight 5 Sea urchin prevention part 6 Float 7 Marker float

10 Cultured kelp growing facility 1' Natural kelp growing device with weight removed 30 Rope 40 Anchor 60 Float

Claims (10)

A natural kelp growing device installed underwater,
A resin appressorizer,
a rope with one end attached to the bottom of the appressorium;
an anchor weight attached to the other end of the rope;
a prevention part provided in the middle of the rope to prevent sea urchins that feed on natural kelp from climbing up the appressorium along the rope;
A natural kelp growing device comprising: a float attached to the top of the appressorium. The natural kelp growing device according to claim 1, wherein the appressorium includes a plurality of attachment members, and the plurality of attachment members are connected to be vertically lined up in the sea. The natural kelp growing device according to claim 1, wherein the appressorium is a polyethylene pipe. The natural kelp growing device according to claim 1, wherein the rope has a length such that the appressorium is located at a depth of water where sunlight can reach. 5. The natural kelp growing device according to claim 4, wherein the rope has a length such that the vertical center portion of the appressorium is located at a depth of 1.3 m to 1.7 m from the sea surface. A method for propagating natural kelp,
A plurality of natural kelp growing devices according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are installed in either or both of the natural kelp habitat and the surrounding sea area during the zoospore release period of the natural kelp. A first installation step;
a confirmation step of confirming the germination state of natural kelp in the appressorium of the natural kelp growing device;
A growth step of collecting natural kelp growing devices in which germination has not been confirmed among the natural kelp growing devices, and leaving natural kelp growing devices in which germination has been confirmed to grow natural kelp;
Before the natural kelp grown in the germinated natural kelp growing device in which germination has been confirmed begins to wither, a relocation step of moving a part of the germinated natural kelp growing device to a non-breeding location for natural kelp;
At the time of releasing zoospores of the natural kelp grown in the germinated natural kelp growing device that was not relocated in the relocation process, a plurality of new natural kelp growing devices are installed in either or both of the germinated natural kelp growing device at that location and the surrounding sea area. a second installation process;
A first harvesting step of harvesting a portion of natural kelp. After the relocation step, a third installation step of installing a new plurality of natural kelp growing devices in either or both of the non-breeding place to which the germinated natural kelp growing devices were relocated and the surrounding sea area;
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising a second harvesting step of harvesting a portion of the natural kelp at the non-breeding location. The relocation step includes relocating a further part of the part of the germinated natural kelp growing device and/or a part other than the part of the germinated natural kelp growing device to a cultured kelp growing facility. 7. The method of claim 6, comprising the step of: In the first and second installation steps and the relocation step, the natural kelp growing device and the germinated natural kelp growing device are installed so that the appressorium of the natural kelp growing device is located at a depth of water that sunlight can reach. 7. The method of claim 6, comprising: In the first and second installation steps and the relocation step, the natural kelp growing device and the germination are arranged so that the vertical center portion of the appressorium is located at a depth of 1.3 m to 1.7 m from the sea surface. 10. The method according to claim 9, comprising installing a pre-treated natural kelp growing device.

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