JP2023539302A - 正極及び電気化学装置 - Google Patents
正極及び電気化学装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 22
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Ti](O[N+]([O-])=O)(O[N+]([O-])=O)O[N+]([O-])=O QDZRBIRIPNZRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003123 carboxymethyl cellulose sodium Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940063834 carboxymethylcellulose sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
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- H01M10/448—End of discharge regulating measures
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Abstract
Description
正極片の調製:以下の例で得られた正極材料、導電剤である導電性カーボンブラック、バインダーであるポリフッ化ビニリデンを重量比97:1.5:1.5でN-メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶媒系に十分に攪拌して、均一に混合した後、正極スラリーを形成した。アルミニウム箔を集電体として、正極スラリーを塗布重量が17.2mg/cm2となるように集電体上に塗布し、乾燥、冷間圧延、裁断を経って、正極片を得た。
硝酸コバルトと硝酸アルミニウムとをモル比Co:Al=99:1で混合し、硝酸コバルトと硝酸アルミニウムとの合計質量の5倍の脱イオン水に溶解させ、炭酸ナトリウムとアンモニア水を入れて、反応系のpHを8.2まで調整し、24時間十分に攪拌し、沈殿物を得た。沈殿物に添加剤であるシュウ酸アンモニウムを0.5%の沈殿質量で入れて、均一に混合し、800℃で24時間焼成して、前駆体を得た。前駆体と炭酸ナトリウムとをCo:Na=0.99:0.75(化学量比)の割合で均一に混合して、800℃で36時間反応させて、粉体材料を得た。それを3時間十分に研磨して、それと硝酸リチウムとをモル比Na:Li=1:5で均一に混合し、250℃で8時間反応させ、反応生成物を脱イオン水で5回以上洗浄し、その後、粉体を乾燥して正極材料であるLi0.73Na0.01Co0.99Al0.01O2を得た。Li0.73Na0.01Co0.99Al0.01O2正極材料粉体と導電炭素とバインダーとを重量比97:1.5:1.5でNMPとともに混合し、スラリーを調製して、Al集電体の表面に塗布し、120℃のオーブン内で2時間乾燥され、この後、3.5メートル/分の冷間圧延の速度、4.15g/cm3の圧縮密度、35トンの圧力で冷間圧延を行った。裁断して正極片を得た。
硝酸コバルトと硝酸チタンとをCo:Ti=95:5で混合し、硝酸コバルトと硝酸チタンとの合計質量の5倍の脱イオン水に溶解させ、炭酸ナトリウムとアンモニア水を入れて、反応系のpHを6.5まで調整し、12時間十分に攪拌し、沈殿物を得た。沈殿物に添加剤である炭酸水素ナトリウムを0.5%の沈殿質量で入れて、均一に混合し、750℃で24時間焼成して、前駆体を得た。前駆体と炭酸ナトリウムとをCo:Na=0.95:0.76(化学量比)の割合で均一に混合して、800℃で36時間反応させて、粉体材料を得た。それを3時間十分に研磨して、それと硝酸リチウムとをNa:Li=1:5で均一に混合し、250℃で8時間反応させ、反応生成物を脱イオン水で5回以上洗浄し、その後、粉体を乾燥して、正極材料であるLi0.74Na0.01Co0.95Ti0.05O2を得た。
硝酸コバルトと硝酸アルミニウムとをCo:Al=99:1で混合し、硝酸コバルトと硝酸アルミニウムとの合計質量の5倍の脱イオン水に溶解させ、炭酸ナトリウムとアンモニア水を入れて、反応系のpHを9.8まで調整し、36時間十分に攪拌し、沈殿物を得た。沈殿物に添加剤であるシュウ酸アンモニウムを0.5%の沈殿質量で入れて、均一に混合し、600℃で24時間焼成して、前駆体を得た。前駆体と炭酸ナトリウムとをCo:Na=0.99:0.77(化学量比)の割合で均一に混合して、1000℃で36時間反応させて、粉体材料を得た。それを3時間十分に研磨して、それと硝酸リチウムとをNa:Li=1:5で均一に混合し、600℃で8時間反応させ、反応生成物を脱イオン水で5回以上洗浄し、その後、粉体を乾燥して、正極材料であるLi0.76Na0.01Co0.99Ai0.01O2を得た。
Claims (12)
- 集電体上に位置する正極活物質層を含み、
前記正極活物質層はリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含み、
前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の前記集電体が位置する平面に平行する方向における平均粒子径をDpとし、前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の前記集電体が位置する平面に垂直する方向における平均粒子径がDvとした場合、1.1≦Dp/Dv≦2.3を満たす、
正極。 - 前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は5μm≦Dp≦25μmを満たす、請求項1に記載の正極。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、0.8≦(Dp+Dv)/2DN50≦1.25を満たし、DN50は前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物のメディアン径である、請求項1に記載の正極。
- a)前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、R-3m空間群構造を有し、前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、Lix1Niy1Coz1MnkZqOb-aTaを含み、ZはB、Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Ti、Cr、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ga、Y、Zr、Mo、Ag、W、In、Sn、Pb、Sb及びCeからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含み、Tはハロゲンであり、かつ、x1、y1、z1、k、q、a及びbは、それぞれ0.2<x1≦1.2、0≦y1≦1、0≦z1≦1、0≦k≦1、0≦q≦1、1≦b≦2及び0≦a≦1を満たすことと、
b)前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、P63mc空間群構造を有し、前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、Lix2Naz2Co1-y2My2O2±nXnを含み、0.6<x2<0.95、0≦y2<0.15、0≦z2<0.03、0≦n≦0.2であり、MはAl、Mg、Ti、Mn、Fe、Ni、Zn、Cu、Nb、Cr及びZrからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含み、Xはハロゲンであることと、
のうち少なくとも一つを満たす、請求項1に記載の正極。 - 前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、長軸平均粒子径D1と短軸平均粒子径D2とを有し、1.4≦(D1/D2)≦5.5を満たす、請求項1に記載の正極。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、7μm≦D1≦28μmを満たす、請求項5に記載の正極。
- 前記正極を含む電気化学装置を4.6Vの電圧まで充電したとき、前記正極は、X線回折スペクトルが17°から20°までの範囲に少なくとも特徴的なピークP1と特徴的なピークP2とを有し、前記P1のピーク強度I1が前記P2のピーク強度I2より大きいことを満たし、且つ、
前記電気化学装置を3.0Vの電圧まで放電したとき、前記正極は、X線回折スペクトルが17°から20°までの範囲に特徴的なピークP3を有し、前記P3のピーク強度I3は(I1-I2)≦I3≦(I1+I2)を満たす、請求項1に記載の正極。 - 前記P3のピーク強度I3に対する前記P1のピーク強度I1の比I1/I3は0.8以上である、請求項7に記載の正極。
- 前記正極を含む電気化学装置を3.0Vから4.6Vまでの範囲で8回充放電サイクルを行い、3.0Vの電圧まで放電したとき、前記正極は、サイクル後の前記正極のX線回折スペクトルにおける最も高いピークのピーク位置シフト量が、サイクル前の前記正極に比べて0.1°以下であり、前記最も高いピークの半値幅の変化率が5%より低い、ことを満たす、請求項1に記載の正極。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の正極と、負極と、セパレータとを含む、電気化学装置。
- 3.0Vの電圧まで放電したとき、前記負極の表面にストライプを有する、請求項10に記載の電気化学装置。
- 請求項10~11のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学装置を含む、電子装置。
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