JP2023524851A - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023524851A JP2023524851A JP2022568368A JP2022568368A JP2023524851A JP 2023524851 A JP2023524851 A JP 2023524851A JP 2022568368 A JP2022568368 A JP 2022568368A JP 2022568368 A JP2022568368 A JP 2022568368A JP 2023524851 A JP2023524851 A JP 2023524851A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 194
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 95
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 108
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 49
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 49
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 39
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 34
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000001408 Carbon monoxide poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
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- H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
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- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
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Abstract
Description
2 燃料電池システム
3 空気搬送装置
4 電気モータ
5 軸
6 第2の圧縮機ホイール
7 第1の圧縮機ホイール
8 吸入路
9 シーケンシャル・ターボ過給管
10 圧縮機側
11 フリーホイール・ターボチャージャ
12 軸
13 タービン側
14 タービン管
15 バイパス管
16 弁
17 吹出管
18 パージ弁
19 燃料電池積層体
20 アノード室
21 カソード室
22 給気管
23 排気管
24 排ガス戻し弁
25 排ガス戻し管
26 燃料供給装置
27 圧力制御および注入装置
28 アノード・サイクル
29 再循環管
30 水分離器
31 再循環搬送機
32 排気タービン
33 軸
34 液体水システム
35 弁装置
36 弁装置
37 カソード・バイパス
38 ガス噴射ポンプ
39 カソード吸気管
40 カソード吸気弁
41 水分離器
42 水タンク
43 矢印
44 断熱材
45 水ポンプ
46 分岐管
47 加湿器
48 加湿器
49 分岐管
50 圧力水分配器
51 分岐管
52 分岐管
53 流体力学的軸受
54 流体力学的軸受
55 触媒
56 水素添加管
Claims (12)
- アノード室(20)およびカソード室(21)を含む少なくとも1つの燃料電池積層体(19)を備えた燃料電池システム(2)であって、給気管(22)を介して前記カソード室(21)に空気を供給するための少なくとも1つの空気搬送装置(3)と、前記カソード室(21)からの排気管(23)と、前記アノード室(20)に燃料を供給するための少なくとも1つの燃料供給装置(26)と、未使用の燃料を前記アノード室(20)周囲に再循環させるための少なくとも1つのアノード・サイクル(28)と、さらに、カソード・バイパス(37)と、を備える、燃料電池システム(2)において、
前記カソード・バイパス(37)が、前記給気管(22)における弁装置(35)の前方または前記弁装置(35)の領域において前記給気管(22)から分岐しており、前記排気管(23)におけるさらなる弁装置(36)の後方または前記弁装置(36)の領域において前記排気管(23)に合流しており、前記カソード室(21)の周囲を流れる空気によって駆動可能なガス噴射ポンプ(38)が前記カソード・バイパス(37)に配置されており、前記ガス噴射ポンプ(38)は吸気側が前記アノード室(20)および/または前記カソード室(21)と切替可能に接続されていることを特徴とする、燃料電池システム(2)。 - 前記アノード・サイクル(28)において、送風機が再循環搬送機(31)として前記排気管(23)における排気タービン(32)によって駆動されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム(2)。
- 前記給気管(22)および/または前記排気管(23)における前記弁装置(35、36)の少なくとも一方が3/2方向弁として形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池システム(2)。
- 前記空気搬送装置(3)が2段式に形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1、2、または3に記載の燃料電池システム(2)。
- 2段式の前記空気搬送装置(3)がフリーホイール・ターボチャージャ(11)の形で形成されており、前記フリーホイール・ターボチャージャ(11)は、タービン側が空気圧縮機(1)の第1の圧縮機ホイール(7)の圧力側と接続されており、圧縮機側が前記空気圧縮機(1)の第2の圧縮機ホイール(6)の圧力側と接続されていることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム(2)。
- 前記第1および第2の圧縮機ホイール(6、7)が対称に形成されており、共通の電気モータ(4)とともに軸(5)に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の燃料電池システム(2)。
- 水分離器(41)が、排気の流れ方向における前記カソード・バイパス(37)の前記排気管(23)への合流箇所の後方において前記排気管(23)に配置されており、請求項2による実施の場合、特に排気の流れ方向において前記排気タービン(32)の前方に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム(2)。
- 排ガス戻し管(25)が、前記カソード・バイパス(37)の前記合流箇所の後方において、および請求項2による実施の場合は特に前記排気タービン(32)の後方において、前記排気管(23)を、前記圧縮機の両方の段の間のシーケンシャル・ターボ過給管(9)と切替可能に接続することを特徴とする、請求項4から7のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム(2)。
- 少なくとも1つの水分離器(30、41)が水タンク(42)と接続されており、または水タンク(42)を形成し、前記水タンク(42)が、水ポンプ(45)を介して圧力水分配器(50)と接続されており、前記圧力水分配器(50)から分岐管(46、49、51、52)が消費地点まで分岐することを特徴とする、請求項7または8に記載の燃料電池システム(2)。
- 前記消費地点が、前記フリーホイール・ターボチャージャ(11)の流体力学的軸受(53、54)および/または給気における、特に一元または二元物質ノズルの形である少なくとも1つの加湿器(47、48)を含むことを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の燃料電池システム(2)。
- 前記少なくとも1つの加湿器(47、48)が、給気において、第2の圧縮機段の前方および/または後方に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項10および請求項4から8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 必要に応じて、前記カソード・バイパス管(37)において前記ガス噴射ポンプ(38)を介して前記カソード室(31)および/または前記アノード・サイクル(28)からガスが吸い出されることを特徴とする、請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムの運用方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102020206156.4 | 2020-05-15 | ||
DE102020206156.4A DE102020206156A1 (de) | 2020-05-15 | 2020-05-15 | Brennstoffzellensystem |
PCT/EP2021/062573 WO2021228915A2 (de) | 2020-05-15 | 2021-05-12 | Brennstoffzellensyste |
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EP (1) | EP4150689A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7474353B2 (ja) |
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DE102020007745A1 (de) | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-23 | Cellcentric Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zur Luftversorgung einer Brennstoffzelle |
DE102021206676A1 (de) | 2021-06-28 | 2022-12-29 | Cellcentric Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Reinigung eines Rezirkulationskreislaufs |
DE102022203514A1 (de) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-10-12 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
DE102022204143A1 (de) | 2022-04-28 | 2023-11-02 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Brennstoffzellensystem und Trocknungsverfahren zum Trocknen von Brennstoffzellen eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
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US6432568B1 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2002-08-13 | General Motors Corporation | Water management system for electrochemical engine |
DE102007037096A1 (de) * | 2007-08-07 | 2009-02-12 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems mit einem in einen Brennstoffkreislauf des Brennstoffzellensystems angeordneten Rezirkulationsgebläse |
US8057942B2 (en) | 2007-10-18 | 2011-11-15 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Assisted stack anode purge at start-up of fuel cell system |
DE102009043569A1 (de) | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-07 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
JP5601362B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-16 | 2014-10-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関 |
DE102014207450A1 (de) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Spülen einer Brennstoffzelle sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102014221321A1 (de) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-04-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem sowie Verfahren zum Abschalten eines Brennstoffzellenstapels |
DE102017204110A1 (de) * | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-13 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Erfassen von Leckage-Brennstoff sowie Brennstoffzellensystem |
DE102017220855A1 (de) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Turbokompressor, insbesondere für ein Brennstoffzellensystem |
DE102018202906A1 (de) * | 2018-02-27 | 2019-08-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennstoffzellensystem |
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US20230197988A1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
KR20230013048A (ko) | 2023-01-26 |
DE102020206156A1 (de) | 2021-11-18 |
WO2021228915A3 (de) | 2021-12-23 |
JP7474353B2 (ja) | 2024-04-24 |
EP4150689A2 (de) | 2023-03-22 |
WO2021228915A8 (de) | 2022-02-03 |
WO2021228915A2 (de) | 2021-11-18 |
CN115552671A (zh) | 2022-12-30 |
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