JP2023506588A - 乳酸生成およびポリ乳酸リサイクリングのための方法およびシステム - Google Patents
乳酸生成およびポリ乳酸リサイクリングのための方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023506588A JP2023506588A JP2022549664A JP2022549664A JP2023506588A JP 2023506588 A JP2023506588 A JP 2023506588A JP 2022549664 A JP2022549664 A JP 2022549664A JP 2022549664 A JP2022549664 A JP 2022549664A JP 2023506588 A JP2023506588 A JP 2023506588A
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- lactic acid
- lactate
- waste
- hydrolysis
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 249
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 224
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 218
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 92
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 182
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 128
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 127
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 113
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 106
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N D-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229940022769 d- lactic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 32
- 229930182843 D-Lactic acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910019440 Mg(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940116871 l-lactate Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- OVGXLJDWSLQDRT-CEOVSRFSSA-L magnesium;(2s)-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical group [Mg+2].C[C@H](O)C([O-])=O.C[C@H](O)C([O-])=O OVGXLJDWSLQDRT-CEOVSRFSSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003893 lactate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003895 L-lactate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000010633 broth Nutrition 0.000 description 35
- -1 glucose and fructose Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 229940001447 lactate Drugs 0.000 description 20
- OVGXLJDWSLQDRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium lactate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O OVGXLJDWSLQDRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 239000000626 magnesium lactate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000015229 magnesium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 17
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 16
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Abstract
Description
乳酸発酵、すなわち、微生物発酵を介する炭水化物源からの乳酸の生成は、バイオプラスチックの製造においてビルディングブロックとして乳酸を使用することができるために、近年、関心を集めている。乳酸は重合させることができ、生分解性のリサイクル可能なポリエステル、ポリ乳酸(PLA)が形成され、これは、石油から製造されたプラスチックの潜在的代用品と考えられる。PLAは、食品包装、使い捨て品、織物および衛生用品業界における繊維、その他いろいろを含む様々な製品の製造において使用される。
再生可能資源から生成されるPLAは石油由来プラスチックの代替品であり、食品包装などの製品の製造におけるその使用は増え続けている。使い捨て最終製品中のPLAの存在が増加しているために、確実に、PLAが廃棄後十分対処されることが重要である。ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレンおよびポリ(エチレンテレフタレート)などの熱可塑性樹脂とは異なり、PLAは熱分解を受ける。したがって、PLAおよび前記プラスチックの混合物を含む製品がリサイクルされる場合、リサイクルストリームの汚染を回避するためにPLAを分離することが望ましい。
(a)PLA廃棄物を金属酸化物または水酸化物を用いて加水分解し、L-乳酸モノマーおよび第1の対イオンを含むPLA加水分解スラリーを得るステップ;
(b)有機廃棄物を、乳酸産生微生物を用いて発酵槽においてアルカリ化合物の存在下で発酵させ、L-乳酸モノマーおよび第2の対イオンを含む発酵ブロスを得るステップであって、
第1および第2の対イオンは同じであり;または、第1および第2の対イオンの少なくとも1つはイオン交換に供せられ、よって、同じである第1および第2の対イオンが得られるステップ;
(c)任意でステップ(a)のPLA加水分解スラリー、ステップ(b)の発酵ブロス、または、ステップ(a)のPLA加水分解スラリーおよびステップ(b)の発酵ブロスを含む混合物を、D-乳酸分解酵素またはD-乳酸利用微生物と接触させ、D-乳酸モノマーを排除し、よってL-乳酸モノマーを得るステップ;ならびに
(d)ステップ(a)のPLA加水分解スラリーおよびステップ(b)の発酵ブロスを含む混合物またはステップ(c)のL-乳酸モノマーを精製し、よって、L-乳酸塩を得るステップ。
(a)PLA廃棄物を水酸化ナトリウム、カリウムおよびアンモニウムから選択される塩基を用いて加水分解し、L-乳酸モノマーおよびナトリウム、カリウムおよびアンモニウムから選択される対イオンを含むPLA加水分解スラリーを得るステップ;
(b)任意で、PLA加水分解スラリーを、酸を用いて中和すること、および、非加水分解PLA廃棄物を除去することの少なくとも1つを実施するステップ;ならびに
(c)マグネシウム塩をステップ(a)または(b)のPLA加水分解スラリーに添加し、よって、L-乳酸マグネシウム塩を沈殿させるステップ。
-不溶性不純物が除去された浄化混合物を提供するステップであって、浄化は発酵ブロスに対して、PLA加水分解スラリーと混合するステップ前に、または後に実施することができ、浄化混合物は可溶性形態の乳酸マグネシウムを含み、混合物は45℃~75℃の温度にあるステップ;
-浄化混合物を150-220g/Lの乳酸濃度まで濃縮するステップ;
-濃縮浄化混合物の少なくとも1つの冷却結晶化を実施し、乳酸マグネシウム結晶を得るステップ;ならびに
-得られた乳酸マグネシウム結晶を収集するステップ。
実施例1
水酸化マグネシウムを使用した薄膜PLAバッグのアルカリ熱加水分解
下記実験は、水酸化マグネシウムを使用して、使用済み廃棄物由来の薄膜PLAバッグの加水分解を試験した。
PLAバッグを、はさみを用いて手作業で切断し、約3×5cmの寸法を有する小さな長方形形状の小片とした。PLAバッグの各切断片はざっとおよそ100-200mgの重量があった。
PLA製品の完全分解を達成するために必要とされるMg(OH)2の量を評価するために、5gのPLAバッグの切断片を、150mL DW中、0(対照として)、1、2.5、5、10および15wt%のMg(OH)2を使用する加水分解に供した。反応は90℃で24時間実施した。
全ての反応を大きな卵形形状の磁気撹拌子を備えた250mL丸底フラスコ内で実施した。Mg(OH)2を、粉末漏斗を使用して各フラスコに添加し、乳白色懸濁液を形成させた。フラスコを油浴内に置き、90℃まで24時間撹拌しながら加熱した。次に、各フラスコからの懸濁液をワットマン3濾紙が備えられた90mmブフナー漏斗を使用して真空濾過した。フラスコ内の残りをDWで洗浄し、フィルタに通過させた。濾液は、典型的には半乳白色であり、もう一度、形成させたMg(OH)2濾過ケーキに通して濾過すると、透明の無色水溶液が得られた。各溶液を秤量した丸底フラスコに移し、水を、Rotovapを使用して蒸発乾固させ、白色固体を得た。蒸発後、フラスコを一晩、真空下デシカントに置き、残留水を処分した。各フラスコを完全乾燥後に再び秤量し、フラスコ内の固体の総重量を計算した。次いで、固体をDW(250mL)に少なくとも30分間RTで撹拌しながら溶解させた。溶液のpHおよび導電率を較正計器により測定した。乳酸塩を、酵素キット(乳酸試験)を用いて測定した。
上記実験手順を同じ条件下だが、Mg(OH)2の添加なしで繰り返した。PLAの残りの濾過後、水溶液を蒸発乾固させなかった。というのも、固体二乳酸マグネシウム(magnesium dilactate)は形成できなかったからである。代わりに、濾液の総体積を250mLまでDWを用いて増加させ、pH、導電率および乳酸測定を実施した。
5%Mg(OH)2中での加水分解の結果形成された乳酸含有溶液を酸性(pH=5.5)乳酸発酵ブロス中にうまく添加した。本発明の出願人に譲渡された同時係属中の特許出願、WO2020/110108号に記載されるように、pHをpH=6.8まで増加させ、溶液を下流処理(DSP)手順に供し、純粋乳酸マグネシウム結晶を生成させた。
水酸化ナトリウムを使用したPLAペレットのアルカリ熱加水分解
50gのPLAペレット(Ingeo(商標)Biopolymer 4032D、NatureWorks LLC.)を凝縮器および温度計が備えられた250ml三つ口フラスコに添加した。150mlのNaOH 5Mを添加し、フラスコを80℃まで加熱した。pHを測定すると13.5であった。
Claims (40)
- ポリ乳酸(PLA)および有機廃棄物のリサイクリングの組み合わせからL-乳酸塩を生成するための方法であって、
(a)PLA廃棄物を金属酸化物または水酸化物を用いて加水分解し、L-乳酸モノマーおよび第1の対イオンを含むPLA加水分解スラリーを得るステップ;
(b)有機廃棄物を、乳酸産生微生物を用いて発酵槽においてアルカリ化合物の存在下で発酵させ、L-乳酸モノマーおよび第2の対イオンを含む発酵ブロスを得るステップであって、
前記第1および第2の対イオンは同じであり;または、前記第1および第2の対イオンの少なくとも1つはイオン交換に供せられ、よって、同じである第1および第2の対イオンが得られる、ステップ;
(c)任意でステップ(a)の前記PLA加水分解スラリー、ステップ(b)の前記発酵ブロス、または、ステップ(a)の前記PLA加水分解スラリーおよびステップ(b)の前記発酵ブロスを含む混合物を、D-乳酸分解酵素またはD-乳酸利用微生物と接触させ、D-乳酸モノマーを排除し、よってL-乳酸モノマーを得るステップ;ならびに
(d)ステップ(a)の前記PLA加水分解スラリーおよびステップ(b)の前記発酵ブロスを含む混合物またはステップ(c)の前記L-乳酸モノマーを精製し、よって、L-乳酸塩を得るステップ
を含む、方法。 - ステップ(a)およびステップ(b)は任意の順序で、または同時に実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)の前記PLA加水分解スラリーおよびステップ(b)の前記発酵ブロスを含む前記混合物は、前記PLA加水分解スラリーを前記乳酸発酵槽に、発酵中に徐々に添加することにより得られる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)は約50℃~約90℃の範囲の温度で実施される、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)は約1~約12時間の範囲の期間の間実施される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)は約12~約36時間の範囲の期間の間実施される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)の前記金属酸化物または水酸化物およびステップ(b)の前記アルカリ化合物は同じ化合物である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2の対イオンは異なる、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)の前記水酸化物スラリーおよびステップ(b)の前記発酵ブロスの少なくとも1つはイオン交換に供せられ、よって、同じである第1および第2の対イオンが得られる、請求項8に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)における前記アルカリ化合物は金属酸化物、炭酸塩、または水酸化物である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属酸化物はMgO、CaO、およびその混合物または組み合わせの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1または請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記炭酸塩はCaCO3、MgCO3、およびその混合物または組み合わせの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記水酸化物はNaOH、KOH、NH4OH、Ca(OH)2、Mg(OH)2、およびその混合物または組み合わせの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1または請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記水酸化物はMg(OH)2である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記乳酸塩はL-乳酸マグネシウム塩である、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記L-乳酸マグネシウムは結晶形態である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)前に前記PLA廃棄物の前処理をさらに含む、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前処理は粉砕、チッピング、寸断、ミリング、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される機械的前処理を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)で得られた前記PLA加水分解スラリーを固液分離に供することをさらに含む、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記有機廃棄物は内在性D-乳酸、L-乳酸または両方を含む、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記有機廃棄物は、食品廃棄物、都市廃棄物、農業廃棄物、植物材料、およびその混合物または組み合わせからなる群より選択される、請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記PLA廃棄物はポリL-乳酸(PLLA)およびポリD-乳酸(PDLA)を含む、請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)が実施される、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)における前記D-乳酸分解酵素はD-乳酸オキシダーゼである、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記得られたL-乳酸塩は結晶化、再結晶、蒸留、分配、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー、分取HPLC、およびそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも1つにより精製される、請求項1~24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記得られたL-乳酸塩は酸性化され、その後のポリ乳酸形成のためのL-乳酸が形成される、請求項1~25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリ乳酸(PLA)廃棄物のリサイクリングによりL-乳酸マグネシウム塩を生成するための方法であって、
(a)PLA廃棄物を水酸化ナトリウム、カリウムおよびアンモニウムから選択される塩基を用いて加水分解し、L-乳酸モノマーおよびナトリウム、カリウムおよびアンモニウムから選択される対イオンを含むPLA加水分解スラリーを得るステップ;
(b)任意で、前記PLA加水分解スラリーを、酸を用いて中和すること、および、非加水分解PLA廃棄物を除去することの少なくとも1つを実施するステップ;ならびに
(c)マグネシウム塩をステップ(a)または(b)の前記PLA加水分解スラリーに添加し、よって、L-乳酸マグネシウム塩を沈殿させるステップ
を含む、方法。 - 前記塩基は水酸化ナトリウムである、請求項27に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)は約50℃~約90℃の範囲の温度で実施される、請求項27または28に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)は約1~約24時間の範囲の期間の間実施される、請求項27~29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)は約1~約12時間の範囲の期間の間実施される、請求項27~29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記塩基は前記PLA廃棄物を超過している、請求項27~31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記PLA廃棄物は前記塩基を超過している、請求項27~31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)が実施され、前記酸は塩酸、臭化水素酸、リン酸、硫酸、およびそれらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項27~33のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)が実施され、非加水分解PLA廃棄物を除去することは固液分離を含む、請求項27~34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)における前記マグネシウム塩は固体形態で添加される、請求項27~35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)における前記マグネシウム塩は水溶液として添加される、請求項27~35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)における前記マグネシウム塩は硫酸マグネシウムである、請求項27~37のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記得られたL-乳酸マグネシウム塩はさらに、その後の精製に供せられる、請求項27~38のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記L-乳酸マグネシウム塩は有機廃棄物の発酵に由来するL-乳酸マグネシウム塩と合わせられ、続いて、その後の精製を受ける、請求項27~39のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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