JP2023500182A - 移植片拒絶反応、閉塞性細気管支炎症候群、及び移植片対宿主病の治療に使用するためのアルベレスタット - Google Patents
移植片拒絶反応、閉塞性細気管支炎症候群、及び移植片対宿主病の治療に使用するためのアルベレスタット Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は米国国立衛生研究所によって授与された1UG3TR002448-01に基づく政府の支援を受けてなされた。政府は本発明における一定の権利を有する。
本出願は、2019年9月17日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/901638の優先権の利益を主張する。この出願の内容は本明細書に援用される。
本発明で使用される好ましい好中球エラスターゼ阻害剤はアルベレスタットである。
を有する。
好中球エラスターゼ(NE)は、肺組織を攻撃し、進行性で損傷を与える酵素である。NEを阻害する化合物は[13]に概説されており、WO2017207430、WO2017102674、WO2016050835、WO2016050835、WO2016016368、WO2016016366、WO2016016365、WO2016016364、WO2016016363、WO2015124563、WO2016020070、WO2015091281、WO2014135414、WO2014122160、WO2015096873、WO2015096872、WO2014029832、WO2014029831、WO2014029830、WO2014009425、WO2013084199、WO2013037809、WO2011103774、WO2011110858、WO2011110859、WO2011110852、WO2011039528、WO2010034996、WO2009061271、WO2009058076、WO2009060206、WO2007137080、WO2007137080、WO2007140117、WO2008036379、WO2008036379、WO9962538、WO9962538、WO9962514、WO9739028、WO9616080、WO9533763、WO9533762、WO9527055、WO9311760、WO9220357、WO9215605、WO9215605、WO03058237、WO03031574、WO03031574、WO2008030158、WO2007129963、WO2007129962、WO2006098684、WO2005026124、WO2005026123、WO2005021509、WO2005021512、WO2004043924、WO2009060158、WO2009037413、WO2009013444、WO2007129060、WO2007107706、WO2007107706、WO2006136857、WO2006082412、WO2006082412、WO9623812、WO9521855、WO9401455、WO9324519、WO9321214、WO9321210、WO9321213、WO9321209、WO9321212、WO2006070012、WO2005082863、WO2005082863、WO2005082864、WO9912933、WO9912933、WO9912931、WO9736903、WO2004020412、WO2008104752、WO2008097676、WO200809767、WO2008085608(これらのそれぞれは援用される)を含むさまざまな刊行物から公知である。これらの刊行物に記載される好中球阻害剤のそれぞれは本発明の方法で使用することができ、本発明の方法での使用に関して、本明細書において個別に開示されているのと同様に言及される。
本発明は、概括的には、それを必要とする対象における移植片拒絶反応、急性移植片拒絶反応、慢性移植片拒絶反応、CLAD、LT-BOS、GVHDなどの治療または予防方法であって、有効量の好中球エラスターゼ阻害剤、特にアルベレスタットまたはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/または溶媒和物を上記対象に投与することを含む上記方法を提供する。
が本発明に従って使用される。
上術の治療適応症に関して、投与される好中球阻害剤、特にアルベレスタットまたはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/または溶媒和物の用量は、治療を受ける疾患、該疾患の重症度、投与様式、患者の年齢、体重、及び性別に依存することとなる。かかる因子は主治医が決定することができる。但し一般には、上記化合物が0.1mg/kg~100mg/kg(有効成分として測定して)の日用量でヒトに投与される場合に十分な結果が得られる。
好中球阻害剤、特にアルベレスタットまたはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/または溶媒和物は、医薬組成物の形態で対象に投与される。
本発明において、上記方法は、1種以上のさらなる治療薬を対象に投与するステップをさらに含んでいてもよい。上記1種以上のさらなる治療薬の投与は、上記好中球阻害剤の投与の前、該投与と同時、または該投与の後に行ってもよい。
本明細書において提供される実施形態は、以下の実施例を参照することによってより完全に理解することができる。これらの実施例は、本明細書で提供される方法を例示することを意図しているが、何ら限定するものではない。当業者には、さまざまな変更及び改変を行うことができることが明らかであろう。かかる改変も添付の特許請求の範囲内に含まれることが意図される。
[3]でさらに議論されているように、以下の結果が得られた。
この前臨床試験は、GVHDの予防におけるアルベレスタットの有効性を評価するために実施した。アルベレスタットがマウス及びヒトのNEに対して同様の効力を有する(pIC50 6.5対7.9)[3]ことを考えると、前臨床におけるマウスでの検討は合理的である。
上記の結果は、アルベレスタットがGVHDの治療及び予防に有効であることを示している。GVHDの主たる誘導物質は(独占的でない場合)、好中球ではなくTリンパ球及びBリンパ球であると理解されていることから、この結果は非常に予想外である。広範な研究により、成熟CD4+及び/またはCD8+T細胞がGVHDを開始させ、GVHDは、外来組織適合性抗原に対する同種免疫T細胞の反応を開始させるレシピエントの抗原提示細胞に依存することが確立されている。特に、ドナー細胞接種物由来のαβ T細胞の除去によって、げっ歯動物、ヒト、及びイヌのGVHDが予防されることが実証されている[10]。
肺移植レシピエントに、標準的な免疫抑制レジメンに加えて、予防的に投与する場合の生存率の向上及びBOSの予防におけるアルベレスタットの有効性ならびに安全性を実証するために、多施設、無作為化、標準治療対照試験の一部としてアルベレスタットを投与する。
・肺移植を受けた患者(片肺または両肺のいずれか)、
・肺移植を受けてから30日以内に同意及び登録が可能な患者。
・心肺移植、肺再移植、または別の実質臓器移植の病歴
・拡張及び/またはステント留置に非応答性の臨床上重要な狭窄
・活動性肺感染症
・吻合部位の不全
・12週目及び24週目における、アルベレスタット群と標準治療群とのFEV1(予測されるパーセンテージ)の差異
・12週目及び24週目における、アルベレスタット群と標準治療群とのBOS病期/無BOS生存率の差異
・無作為化の1年後及び2年後に、予測される平均FEV1%によって測定した呼吸機能
・1年目及び2年目におけるアルベレスタット群と標準治療群のBOS病期
・最長2年目までのすべての原因による死亡率及び移植関連死亡率
・RASの発症
・症状
・安全性及び忍容性
・無作為化の日付から死亡または肺を起点とする重篤な細菌及びウイルス感染症の発生のいずれかまでの期間に対応する無再発生存期間(SAEの報告によって規定)
肺移植レシピエントに、該レシピエントの標準的な免疫抑制レジメンに加えて投与する場合のBOSの改善におけるアルベレスタットの有効性及び安全性を実証するために、多施設、無作為化、標準治療対照試験の一部としてアルベレスタットを投与する。
・肺移植(片肺または両肺のいずれか)、
・病期1を超えるBOCの診断
・肺疾患の他の原因は除外されている
・拘束性同種移植片症候群
・免疫抑制レジメンの変更が必要な患者
・活動性肺感染症
・12週目、24週目、48週目、及び106週目における、アルベレスタット群と標準治療群とのFEV1(予測されるパーセンテージ)の差異
・12週目及び24週目における、アルベレスタット群と標準治療群とのBOS病期
・無作為化の1年後及び2年後に、予測される平均FEV1%によって測定した呼吸機能
・2年目におけるアルベレスタット群と標準治療群のBOS病期
・最長2年目までのすべての原因による死亡率及び移植関連死亡率
・RASの発症
・症状
・安全性及び忍容性
・無作為化の日付から死亡または肺を起点とする重篤な細菌及びウイルス感染症の発生のいずれかまでの期間に対応する無再発生存期間(SAEの報告によって規定)
HCT実施後のBOSの患者におけるアルベレスタットの第1相試験を実施した。
18歳を超えるHCT後のBOS及び慢性移植片対宿主病(GVHD)の患者を国立癌研究所プロトコル(NCT02669251)に募った。患者の全身性免疫抑制は安定しており、呼吸機能検査(PFT)における予測されるFEV1%は30%以上であった。
7名の患者が登録された(3名の男性及び4名の女性)。登録時の気管支拡張薬後のFEV1の中央値は44%(範囲38~74)であった。
経口NE阻害剤であるアルベレスタットの、HCT後のBOSの患者におけるこの第1相試験においては、MTDには到達せず、治験薬の忍容性は良好であった。6名の患者の疾患は安定していた一方、1名の患者では肺炎の状況において進行が見られた。2名の患者ではFEV1においての9%の明確な向上が見られ、4名の患者において治療のある時点で肺の症状が改善し、そのうちの2名は6ヶ月の治療期間評価中、2名は試験治療期間の終了時の改善が見られた。本発明者らは、NE阻害は忍容性が高く、進行したBOSの患者の疾患を安定化の徴候を示すことを実証した。
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Claims (39)
- 有効量のアルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、移植片拒絶反応の治療又は予防方法。
- 移植片が、腎臓、心臓、肝臓、肺、及び膵臓からなる群より選択される1つ以上の臓器を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記移植片が肺を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が肺移植関連閉塞性細気管支炎症候群に罹患している、又は罹患する危険性がある、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記移植片拒絶反応が慢性移植片拒絶反応である、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記移植片拒絶反応が急性移植片拒絶反応である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 有効量のアルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、肺移植関連閉塞性細気管支炎症候群の治療又は予防方法。
- 有効量のアルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、移植片対宿主病(GVHD)の治療又は予防方法。
- 前記GVHDが慢性GVHD(cGVHD)である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記GVHDが急性GVHD(aGVHD)である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記GVHDが骨髄移植後に現れる、請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記GVHDが造血幹細胞移植後に現れる、請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記GVHDが、目、関節、筋膜、生殖器、肺、肝臓、皮膚、及び消化管(例えば口、食道)からなる群より選択される1つ以上に対する損傷を特徴とする、請求項8~12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記GVHDが、肺、肝臓、皮膚、及び消化管からなる群より選択される1つ以上に対する損傷を特徴とする、請求項8~12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が中等度又は重度のcGVHDに罹患している、請求項8~14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が閉塞性細気管支炎症候群に罹患している、又は罹患する危険性がある、請求項8~15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 有効量のアルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、GVHDに関連する閉塞性細気管支炎症候群(BOS)の治療又は予防方法。
- 前記BOSが造血幹細胞移植に関連する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記BOSが骨髄移植に関連する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- アルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物が前記対象中への移植の前に投与される、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物が前記対象中への移植後に投与される、請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 治療又は予防が好中球エラスターゼを阻害することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 治療又は予防が前記対象において予測されるFEV1%の悪化を改善又は予防することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 治療又は予防が前記対象のBOSの等級の悪化を改善又は予防することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- cGVHDの治療が対象におけるcGVHDの重症度スコアを改善することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- cGVHDの治療が、対象におけるLeeのcGVHD症状スケール、特に、cGVHDにより肺が冒されている対象におけるLeeのcGVHD症状スケールの肺スコアを改善することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 対象における肺機能を改善することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 対象における肺機能の悪化を予防することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 対象における疾患の進行又は悪化を予防することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルベレスタットが遊離塩基の形態である、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルベレスタットがアルベレスタットトシル酸塩の形態である、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物を1日2回投与することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物を、最大240mgのアルベレスタットの用量で1日2回投与することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物を、60mg、120mg、180mg、又は240mgのアルベレスタットの用量で1日2回投与することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物を、240mgのアルベレスタットの用量で1日2回投与することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物を、第1の期間に60mgのアルベレスタット用量で1日2回、続いて第2の期間に120mgを1日2回、続いて第3の期間に180mgを1日2回、その後は240mgを1日2回投与することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物を、60mgのアルベレスタットの用量で1日2回、2週間、続いて120mgを1日2回、2週間、続いて180mgを1日2回、2週間、その後は240mgを1日2回投与することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルベレスタット若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩及び/又は溶媒和物を経口投与によって投与することを含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象に1種以上の免疫抑制剤を投与することをさらに含む、先行請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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2020
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- 2020-09-17 KR KR1020227008878A patent/KR20220079527A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2020-09-17 CN CN202080065098.2A patent/CN114650819A/zh active Pending
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CN114650819A (zh) | 2022-06-21 |
WO2021053058A1 (en) | 2021-03-25 |
BR112022004861A2 (pt) | 2022-06-07 |
IL290991A (en) | 2022-05-01 |
CA3154761A1 (en) | 2021-03-25 |
AU2020349353A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 |
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