JP2023180893A - カルバメート化セルロース繊維の製造方法及びカルバメート化セルロース微細繊維の製造方法 - Google Patents
カルバメート化セルロース繊維の製造方法及びカルバメート化セルロース微細繊維の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- cellulose
- carbamate
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- fiber
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001221 xylan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004823 xylans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/05—Derivatives containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens or sulfur
- C08B15/06—Derivatives containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens or sulfur containing nitrogen, e.g. carbamates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
- D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
- D06L4/13—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen using inorganic agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with hydrogen peroxide or peroxides of metals; with persulfuric, permanganic, pernitric, percarbonic acids or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/18—Highly hydrated, swollen or fibrillatable fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/20—Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
- D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
セルロース繊維(繊維状セルロース)は、パルプを原料とする。このパルプ原料としては、例えば、広葉樹、針葉樹等を原料とする木材パルプ、ワラ・バガス・綿・麻・じん皮繊維等を原料とする非木材パルプ、回収古紙、損紙等を原料とする古紙パルプ(DIP)等の中から1種又は2種以上を選択して使用することができる。なお、以上の各種原料は、例えば、セルロース系パウダーなどと言われる粉砕物(粉状物)の状態等であってもよい。
セルロース繊維は、カルバメート化、つまりカルバメート基を有するものとすることでカルバメート化セルロース繊維とする。
X0:脱水前のパルプ中に含まれる水量=脱水前のパルプ水分散液量-脱水前のパルプ濃度×脱水前のパルプ水分散液量
Y0:脱水後のパルプ中に含まれる水量=脱水後のパルプ水分散液量-脱水後のパルプ濃度×脱水後のパルプ水分散液量
A0:脱水後の濾液量
置換洗浄率Dn(2段目以降)=Dn-1+An×(1-Dn-1)/(Xn+Yn)
Xn:脱水前のパルプ中に含まれる水量=脱水前のパルプ水分散液量-脱水前のパルプ濃度×脱水前のパルプ水分散液量
Yn:脱水後のパルプ中に含まれる水量=脱水後のパルプ水分散液量-脱水後のパルプ濃度×脱水後のパルプ水分散液量
An:脱水後の濾液量
カルバメート化したセルロース繊維は、漂白剤を添加して漂白する。
漂白したカルバメート化セルロース繊維は、微細化(解繊)するに先立って化学的手法によって前処理することができる。化学的手法による前処理としては、例えば、酸による多糖の加水分解(酸処理)、酵素による多糖の加水分解(酵素処理)、アルカリによる多糖の膨潤(アルカリ処理)、酸化剤による多糖の酸化(酸化処理)、還元剤による多糖の還元(還元処理)等を例示することができる。ただし、化学的手法による前処理としては、酵素処理を施すのが好ましく、加えて酸処理、アルカリ処理、及び酸化処理の中から選択された1又は2以上の処理を施すのがより好ましい。以下、酵素処理について詳細に説明する。
漂白、前処理等をしたセルロース繊維は、微細化(解繊)する。この微細化は、例えば、ビーター、高圧ホモジナイザー、高圧均質化装置等のホモジナイザー、グラインダー、摩砕機等の石臼式摩擦機、単軸混練機、多軸混練機、ニーダーリファイナー、ジェットミル等を使用してセルロース繊維を叩解することによって行うことができる。ただし、リファイナーやジェットミルを使用して行うのが好ましい。
まず、固形分濃度0.01~0.1質量%の微細繊維の水分散液100mlをテフロン(登録商標)製メンブレンフィルターでろ過し、エタノール100mlで1回、t-ブタノール20mlで3回溶媒置換する。次に、凍結乾燥し、オスミウムコーティングして試料とする。この試料について、構成する繊維の幅に応じて3,000倍~30,000倍のいずれかの倍率で電子顕微鏡SEM画像による観察を行う。具体的には、観察画像に二本の対角線を引き、対角線の交点を通過する直線を任意に三本引く。さらに、この三本の直線と交錯する合計100本の繊維の幅を目視で計測する。そして、計測値の中位径を平均繊維径とする。
セルロース繊維には、マイクロ繊維セルロースと共にセルロースナノファイバーが含まれていてもよい。セルロースナノファイバーは、マイクロ繊維セルロースと同様に微細繊維であり、樹脂の強度向上にとってマイクロ繊維セルロースを補完する役割を有する。ただし、可能であれば、微細繊維としてセルロースナノファイバーを含むことなくマイクロ繊維セルロースのみによる方が好ましい。なお、セルロースナノファイバーの平均繊維径(平均繊維幅。単繊維の直径平均。)は、好ましくは4~100nm、より好ましくは10~80nmである。
試験例1~9及び15,16は、以下の手順でカルバメート変性セルロースを得た。
まず、パルプスラリーにサイズ剤を添加し、所定のコッブサイズ度、坪量となるようパルプシートを製造した。次いで、塗工設備にて固形分濃度40%の尿素水溶液を用いて、固形分換算の質量比でパルプ:尿素が所定の割合となるように塗工して、アフタードライヤーで乾燥させ、尿素塗工紙を得た。得られた尿素塗工紙は、ロールtoロール反応装置で所定の温度・時間で反応させて、カルバメート変性セルロースを得た。
まず、水分率10%以下の針葉樹クラフトパルプと濃度30%の尿素水溶液を所定の割合となるように含浸して混合物とし、これを105℃で乾燥させ、反応温度160℃、反応時間1時間で加熱処理し、カルバメート変性セルロースを得た。なお、以上の詳細については、表2にも示している。
まず、カルバメート変性セルロースを固形分濃度5%になるように水で希釈し、離解機を用いて離解した。離解して得られたカルバメート変性セルロースの水分散液は、脱水洗浄を2回繰り返した。
以上の結果から、反応温度の上限は90℃であると考えられる。以下の理由からである。
すなわち、反応温度の制御は、温度が下がりすぎると加熱し、上がりすぎると加熱を止めるというように行う。つまり、90℃を超えた場合においては、積極的に温度を下げるのではなく、消極的に温度が下がるようにするのである。したがって、反応温度の上限を90℃を超えるように設定すると、瞬間的に反応温度100℃に到達することがあり、系内の圧力が上がることで所望の漂白反応以外の繊維の分解等の望まない反応が起こる可能性がある。しかるに、反応効率を上げるためにはなるべく高い反応温度が好ましいが、反応温度100℃以上の不利益が極めて大きい。そこで、反応温度100℃に到達しない領域での管理が必要となり、反応温度の上限は90℃にあると考えるものである。ちなみに、反応温度100℃以上では、カルバメート基導入量が低下する他、圧力容器が必要となる等の不利益もある。なお、反応温度100℃以上が好ましくないのは、上記試験の結果から明らかである。
Claims (4)
- カルバメート化セルロース繊維に漂白剤を添加して、反応温度90度以下、かつpH7以下の条件下で漂白する、
ことを特徴とするカルバメート化セルロース繊維の製造方法。 - 前記漂白剤として、一過硫酸塩を使用する、
請求項1に記載のカルバメート化セルロース繊維の製造方法。 - 前記セルロース繊維に対する前記一過硫酸塩の添加量を、1~100kg/ptとする、
請求項2に記載のカルバメート化セルロース繊維の製造方法。 - カルバメート化セルロース繊維を微細化してカルバメート化セルロース微細繊維を製造する方法であり、
前記カルバメート化セルロース繊維として請求項1に記載の方法によって得たカルバメート基導入量が0.5mmol/g以上のカルバメート化セルロース繊維を使用し、
前記微細化を平均繊維幅が0.1~20μm、平均繊維長が0.1~2.0mm、Fine率Aが10~90%となるように行う、
ことを特徴とするカルバメート化セルロース微細繊維の製造方法。
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