JP2023121724A - 積層型cmosイメージセンサ - Google Patents
積層型cmosイメージセンサ Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 130
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 38
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000724291 Tobacco streak virus Species 0.000 description 1
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
102:画素センサ
104a:第1ICチップ
104b:第2ICチップ
104c:第3ICチップ
106:光検出素子
108:第1トランジスタ
110:第2トランジスタ
112:画素回路
114:グランド
116:転送トランジスタ
118:リセットトランジスタ
120:ソースフォロアトランジスタ
122:選択トランジスタ
200、800、1000、1200、1300、1400A~1400D、1500、1600A~1600C、1700、1800、1900A、2000、2100、2200A、2300A、2400、2500、2600、2700A、2800A、2900:断面図
202、802:放射線
602:補助画素回路
702:ASIC
704:第3トランジスタ
704p:p型トランジスタ
704n:n型トランジスタ
1100:平面視レイアウト図
1302:第1ゲート誘電体層
1304:保護層
1306:第1半導体基板
1306bs:第1半導体基板の裏側
1306fs:第1半導体基板の表側
1308:コレクタ領域
1310:第1ゲート電極
1312:第1ソース/ドレイン領域の対
1314:第1チャネル領域
1402:誘電体層
1502:第1相互接続構造
1504:第1導電線
1506:第1導電性ビア
1508:第1相互接続誘電体層
1510:第2半導体基板
1510bs:第2半導体基板の裏側
1510fs:第2半導体基板の表側
1512:第2相互接続構造
1514:第2ゲート電極
1516:第2ゲート誘電体層
1518:第2ソース/ドレイン領域の対
1520:第2導電線
1522:第2導電性ビア
1524:第2相互接続誘電体層
1526:第1接合構造
1526a:第1接合構造
1526b:第2接合構造
1528:第1接合界面
1530:第1接合誘電体層
1532:第1接合パッド
1534:第1接合ビア
1536:裏側パッシベーション層
1538:カラーフィルタ
1540:マイクロレンズ
1602:表側パッシベーション層
1604、1634:基板貫通ビア(TSV)
1606、1636:TSV誘電体層
1608:第3半導体基板
1608fs:第3半導体基板の表側
1610:第3相互接続構造
1612:第3ゲート電極
1614:第3ゲート誘電体層
1616:第3ソース/ドレイン領域の対
1618:第3導電線
1620:第3導電性ビア
1622:第3相互接続誘電体層
1624:第2接合構造
1624a:第3接合部分構造
1624b:第4接合部分構造
1626:第2接合界面
1628:第2接合誘電体層
1630:第2接合パッド
1632:第2接合ビア
1702:トレンチアイソレーション構造
1802:第1ゲート電極層
3000:ブロック図
3002、3002a、3002b、3002c、3002d、3004、3006、3008、3010、3012、3014、3016、3018:行為
A-A’:線
C1、C2、C3、CN:欄
FD:フローティング拡散ノード
OUT:出力
R1、R2、R3、RM:列
SEL:選択信号
T1:第1のゲート誘電体厚
T2:第2のゲート誘電体厚
T3:第3のゲート誘電体厚
T4:第4のゲート誘電体厚
TX:転送信号
VDD:電源電圧
Vrst:リセット電圧
Claims (20)
- 第1集積回路(IC)チップと、
前記第1ICチップと積層された第2ICチップと、
前記第1ICチップと前記第2ICチップとにまたがる画素センサと
を含み、
前記画素センサが前記第1ICチップにおいて第1トランジスタと光検出素子とを含み、前記第2ICチップにおいて複数の第2トランジスタを更に含み、
前記第1トランジスタが第1の厚さのゲート誘電体層を含み、前記複数の第2トランジスタが前記第1の厚さ以下の第2の厚さの個別のゲート誘電体厚を含む、
イメージセンサ。 - 前記画素センサが4トランジスタ(4T)型アクティブ画素センサ(APS)である、請求項1に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記画素センサが、前記第1ICチップにおいて1つのみのトランジスタを有し、前記第2ICチップにおいて3つのみ又はそれ以上のトランジスタを有する、請求項1に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 各前記第2の厚さが前記第1の厚さ未満である、請求項1に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記複数の第2トランジスタが、リセットトランジスタと、ソースフォロアトランジスタと、選択トランジスタとを含み、
前記ソースフォロアトランジスタと前記選択トランジスタとが直列に電気的に結合され、
前記ソースフォロアトランジスタのゲート電極が、前記リセットトランジスタのソース/ドレイン領域及び前記第1トランジスタのソース/ドレイン領域と電気的に短絡している、
請求項1に記載のイメージセンサ。 - 前記画素センサが複数の列及び複数の欄において繰り返され、前記画素センサの繰り返しが重ならない、請求項1に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記画素センサが1つのみの光検出素子を有する、請求項6に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記画素センサが、前記光検出素子を含む複数の光検出素子と、前記第1トランジスタを含む複数の第1トランジスタとを含み、前記複数の第1トランジスタが一対一対応で前記複数の光検出素子と対応し、共通ノードに電気的に結合される、請求項6に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 第1半導体基板と、
前記第1半導体基板上で隣接した光検出素子と第1トランジスタと、
第2半導体基板と、
前記第2半導体基板上の複数の第2トランジスタと、
前記第1半導体基板と前記第2半導体基板とに積層された第3半導体基板と、
前記第3半導体基板上の複数の第3トランジスタと
を含み、
前記第2半導体基板が、前記第1半導体基板と前記第3半導体基板との間にあり、前記第1半導体基板と前記第3半導体基板から間隔が空けられており、
前記光検出素子と前記第1トランジスタと前記複数の第2トランジスタとが画素センサを形成し、
前記複数の第2トランジスタの各ゲート誘電体厚が、包括的に、前記第1トランジスタのゲート誘電体厚と前記複数の第3トランジスタ中の最大ゲート誘電体厚との間にある、
イメージセンサ。 - 前記複数の第3トランジスタが、前記画素センサに電気的に結合された特定用途向け集積回路(ASIC)を形成する、請求項9に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記複数の第2トランジスタの各ゲート誘電体厚が、前記第1トランジスタのゲート誘電体厚未満である、請求項9に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記複数の第3トランジスタ中の前記最大ゲート誘電体厚が、前記複数の第2トランジスタの各ゲート誘電体厚未満である、請求項11に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記画素センサが前記第2半導体基板で2つのみの異なるゲート誘電体厚を有する、請求項9に記載のイメージセンサ。
- 前記複数の第2トランジスタがソースフォロアトランジスタを含み、
前記ソースフォロアトランジスタのゲート電極が前記第1トランジスタのソース/ドレイン領域と電気的に短絡しており、
前記ソースフォロアトランジスタのゲート誘電体厚が前記第1トランジスタの前記ゲート誘電体厚未満である、
請求項9に記載のイメージセンサ。 - イメージセンサの形成方法であって、
第1基板中に光検出素子を形成することと、
前記第1基板上に前記光検出素子に隣接した第1トランジスタを形成することであって、前記光検出素子と前記第1トランジスタが第1画素センサ部分を形成することと、
前記第1トランジスタと前記光検出素子とを覆い、更に前記第1トランジスタに電気的に結合された、第1相互接続構造を形成することと
を含む、
第1集積回路(IC)チップを形成することと、
第2基板上に複数の第2トランジスタを形成することであって、前記第2トランジスタが第2画素センサ部分を形成することと、
前記第2トランジスタを覆い且つ前記第2トランジスタに電気的に結合された、第2相互接続構造を形成することと
を含む、
第2ICチップを形成することと、
画素センサを形成するため前記第1画素センサ部分と前記第2画素センサ部分が積み重ねられて共に電気的に結合されるよう、前記第1ICチップと前期第2ICチップを共に接合することと
を含み、
前記第1トランジスタが第1の厚さのゲート誘電体厚を含み、
前記複数の第2トランジスタが前記第1の厚さ以下の第2の厚さの個別のゲート誘電体厚を含む、
方法。 - 前記第1トランジスタを形成することが、
前記光検出素子を覆い且つ前記第1の厚さを有する誘電体保護層を堆積することと、
前記誘電体保護層を覆うゲート電極層を堆積することと、
前記誘電体保護層により前記第1基板から分離されたゲート電極を形成するため、前記ゲート電極層をパターン化することと
を含み、
前記誘電体保護層が接合後に前記光検出素子を覆い続ける、
請求項15に記載の方法。 - 前記接合することが、前記第1ICチップ及び前記第2ICチップそれぞれの金属パッドが1つの界面で共に接合され、前記第1ICチップ及び前記第2ICチップそれぞれの誘電体層が前記界面で共に接合される接合により実行される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の厚さが、前記第1トランジスタのゲート電極から前記第1基板まで延在する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 第3基板上に複数の第3トランジスタを形成することであって、前記複数の第3トランジスタが前記第1の厚さ及び前記第2の厚さのそれぞれ以下の第3の厚さの個別のゲート誘電体厚を含むことと、
前記第3トランジスタを覆う第3相互接続構造を形成することであって、前記第3トランジスタと前記第3相互接続構造とが特定用途向け集積回路(ASIC)を形成することと
を含む、
第3ICチップを形成することと、
前記第2ICチップが前記第1ICチップと前記第3ICチップとの間となり、前記ASICが前記画素センサに電気的に結合されるよう、前記第2ICチップと前期第3ICチップを共に接合することと
を更に含む、
請求項15に記載の方法。 - 前記第1ICチップを形成することが、グリッドパターンに配置された前記第1画素センサ部分の複数のインスタンスを形成することを含み、
前記第2ICチップを形成することが、グリッドパターンに配置された前記第2画素センサ部分の複数のインスタンスを形成することを含み、
前記第2画素センサ部分の前記複数のインスタンスが、一対一対応で前記第1画素センサ部分の前記複数のインスタンスに対応する、
請求項15に記載の方法。
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