JP2023110321A - Production method of long steel member for beam and long steel member for beam - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a production method of a long steel member for a beam adopting a process of placing all long steel members for beams on which a plurality of attachment members are attached in a wide variety of patterns on a cradle and transmitting them with a forklift.SOLUTION: A production method of a long steel member for a beam includes: fixing attachment members in areas other than a flat area which may become an obstacle for transportation with a forklift to enable the transportation with the forklift; and additionally fixing additional attachment members in the flat area after performing the transportation with the forklift by using the flat area.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a long steel material for beams and a long steel material for beams.

One application of long steel materials such as H-shaped steel and I-shaped steel is beams of buildings. A column is a structural member that stands vertically, while a beam is a structural member that is supported horizontally and fixed by a column. Long steel materials for beams such as H-shaped steel and I-shaped steel used as building materials weigh 1 ton or more even if they are light, and 10 tons or more if they are heavy.

A large number of mounting members, such as members for connecting to columns and other beams and members required for construction work, are usually attached to the surface of such long steel beams. In particular, in the case of a large building such as a high-rise building, the types and number of mounting members are considerable.

The type, position, and number of these mounting members differ for each type of long steel material for beams, and a wide variety of patterns exist. For this reason, since the mounting members become obstacles for forklift transportation, a process is adopted in which all long beam steel materials, to which many mounting members are attached in a wide variety of patterns, are uniformly placed on cradles and transported by forklifts. However, it has not been realized to manufacture long steel materials for beams.

Under these circumstances, conventionally, when transporting long steel materials at manufacturing sites, overhead cranes and crane trucks have always been used.

However, in the case of transportation by an overhead crane, etc., long steel materials are fixed with a wire rope, lifted, and transported to the next process. Therefore, the work efficiency was remarkably low, and the work was highly dangerous for the workers. Depending on the manufacturing site, such transportation by crane operation is performed several tens to hundreds of times a day, which is a burden. In addition, due to the recent shortage of human resources, it is becoming more and more difficult to train and secure workers with such skills.

Furthermore, when using an overhead crane, the ceiling of the factory must have a structure that can withstand the load of the crane and the long steel materials to be lifted, so it is necessary to install more pillars than usual to reinforce the structure. There was a problem that the equipment cost was high (the factory construction itself also cost money).

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a long steel material 100 for beams, which is an example of conventional technology. It can be seen that a large number of various mounting members 20 to 29 are welded to the entire surface of the long steel material 100 for beams. All of these attachments are fixed to the H-beam in the manufacturing plant.

FIG. 2 is a view of the long steel beam 100 shown in FIG. 1 being transported by a forklift as viewed from the X direction (back side of the H-shaped steel) in FIG. FIG. 2 illustrates how the mounting member 20a contacts the cradles 31 and 32 and the fork 41. As shown in FIG.

The cradle for placing the long steel beams is heavy and cannot be easily moved. If so, it is impossible to place the long steel material for the beam on the cradle in the first place. As described above, in FIG. 2 , since the mounting member 20 a contacts the cradles 31 and 32 respectively, the long beam steel material 100 cannot be placed on the cradles 31 and 32 .

Even if the positions of the mounting members 20a are different and the long steel beams 100 can be placed on the cradles 31 and 32, the mounting members may come into contact with the forklift. In FIG. 2, since the mounting member 20b contacts the fork 41, the long beam steel 100 cannot be transported by a forklift. In addition, because the forklift uses a commercially available vehicle, the width of the fork (approximately 1.8m) is narrow relative to the length of the long steel material. This centering may not be possible or may be very difficult if there is an attachment member in the area where the fork contacts. Thus, even if there is a space for a fork, it does not necessarily mean that the long steel material 100 for beams can be transported by a forklift.

As mentioned above, the type, position, and number of mounting members for long steel beams are diverse, and it was virtually impossible to change the design one by one in consideration of forklift transportation. . For these reasons, transportation by a forklift has not been realized, and up to now, there has been no choice but to rely on transportation using overhead cranes or crane trucks by workers.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-100002 discloses a processing operation for a long material. Further, Patent Literatures 2 and 3 disclose long steel materials for beams. However, none of these describes steps (I) to (IV) of the present invention, and neither does a total of 20 or more mounting members be fixed.

JP-A-10-045241 JP-A-2003-176570 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-216905

An object of the present invention is to adopt a process in which all long steel beams to which a large number of mounting members are attached in a wide variety of patterns are uniformly placed on a cradle and transported by a forklift. It is a method of manufacturing. Another object of the present invention is to eliminate the shortage of human resources by further automating the forklift.

In the method for manufacturing a long steel beam for beams according to the present invention, in order to enable transportation by a forklift, the mounting member is fixed in an area other than the flat area that may become an obstacle for transportation by the forklift, and the flat area is used. After the forklift is transported, additional mounting members are additionally fixed to the flat area.

That is, in the method for manufacturing a long steel beam for beams according to the present invention, the area within 2.8 meters from the center of the lower flange portion toward both ends in the longitudinal direction of the long steel material, which is H-shaped steel or I-shaped steel, is within 2.8 meters. Step (I) of fixing mounting members to all of the upper and lower flanges and left and right web portions other than the flat area, and step (II) of temporarily storing the long steel material by placing it on a cradle with the flat area facing downward. Then, the fork of the forklift lifts the long steel material by contacting the flat area and transports it to the next work place (III), and the additional mounting member is fixed to the flat area of the long steel material after transportation. and step (IV).

Another method of manufacturing a long steel beam for beams according to the present invention is such that in step (I), the long steel material after fixing the mounting member has a weight of 1 ton or more and a length of 6 meters or more. It is characterized by

In another method of manufacturing a long steel beam for beams according to the present invention, in the step (I), 5 or more mounting members are fixed to each of the upper and lower flange portions and the left and right web portions other than the flat area, for a total of 20 or more mounting members. It is characterized by

Another method for manufacturing a long steel beam for beams according to the present invention includes mounting members each of which is 3 or more, for a total of 9 or more, in the center regions corresponding to the planar regions of the upper flange portion and the left and right web portions of the long steel material. It is characterized by being fixed.

Another method of manufacturing long steel beams according to the present invention is characterized in that in step (III), the forklift is automatically operated unmanned.

Another method of manufacturing a long steel beam for beams according to the present invention is characterized in that in the step (IV), the additional mounting member is a meshing hook member.

The long steel material for beams according to the present invention is a long steel material that is H-shaped steel or I-shaped steel. Five or more mounting members are fixed to each of the upper and lower flange portions and the left and right web portions, for a total of 20 or more mounting members.

In the long steel material for beams according to the present invention, at least three mounting members, for a total of at least nine mounting members, are fixed to the center regions corresponding to the planar regions of the upper flange portion and the left and right web portions of the long steel material. Characterized by

The long steel material for beams according to the present invention is characterized in that the long steel material has a weight of 1 ton or more and a length of 6 meters or more.

According to the present invention, the long steel beams to which a large number of mounting members are attached in a wide variety of patterns are all uniformly placed on a cradle and transported by a forklift. Since a manufacturing method is provided, effects such as increased work efficiency, avoidance of injury to workers, and savings in facility costs can be expected. In addition, by enabling unmanned automatic forklift transportation, it is possible to solve the shortage of human resources.

It is a figure explaining the long steel material 100 for beams as a prior art. It is a figure explaining that the long steel material 100 for beams as a prior art cannot be conveyed by a forklift. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a long steel material (H-shaped steel) 10; FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a planar region 50 in a long steel material (H-shaped steel) 10; 1 is a perspective view and a bottom view of an example of a long steel material 200 for beams of the present invention. FIG. It is a figure explaining that the long steel material 200 for beams of this invention can be conveyed by a forklift. It is a figure explaining a mode that the long steel material 200 for beams of this invention is conveyed by a forklift.

(Embodiment of the present invention)
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the following description is an embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the content described in the claims. Also, the drawings are for the purpose of explaining the content of the invention, and the dimensions may not necessarily be accurate.

(long steel)
The long steel material of the present invention is H-section steel or I-section steel.

H-shaped steel includes BH (Build H) steel plates welded into H-shaped steel, RH (Roll H) manufactured by roll forming, and JIS-H-shaped steel. There are also JIS standard products (constant internal dimensions) and H-shaped steel with constant external dimensions. In the present invention, any H-section steel shall be included.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the H-section steel 10. As shown in FIG. FIG. 3(a) is a view of the H-section steel 10 as seen from the side (the direction in which the character "K" appears), and FIG. 3(b) is a perspective view of the H-section steel 10 (the thickness is omitted). ing.). The H-section steel is composed of an upper flange 11, a lower flange 12 and a web 13. The top and bottom of the flange correspond to which is the top and bottom when the H-shaped steel is used for beams.

In the present invention, the “upper and lower flange portions” and the “left and right web portions” respectively refer to the outer surfaces of the upper flange 11 and the lower flange 12 and the web 13 when viewing the H-section steel as shown in FIG. Refers to the left and right sides.

The I-section steel is similar in structure to the H-section steel, but differs from the H-section steel in that the thickness of the flange portion is not constant. I-beams, like H-beams, also require welded mounting members for use as building materials. In the present invention, not only H-section steel but also I-section steel is included in the long steel material.

The weight and length of the long steel material used in the present invention are not particularly limited, but the long steel material after fixing the mounting member has a weight of 1 ton or more and a length of 6 meters or more. The long steel material used in the present invention can be as large as 3 tons or more and as long as 10 meters or more.

Typically, steelmakers produce long steel bars that are processed by fabricators. In the present invention, a processing company can prepare by purchasing a long steel material from a steel company. Of course, the processing company itself may manufacture the long steel material in-house.

Below, it demonstrates using H section steel which is a typical example of a long steel material.

(plane area)
The plane area of the present invention is an area within 2.8 meters from the center of the lower flange portion of the long steel material toward both ends in the longitudinal direction. The flat area exists as an area of 5.6 meters in the middle of the lower flange of the long steel bar. FIG. 4 schematically shows a planar region 50. As shown in FIG. In step (I), no attachment member is fixed to this flat area 50 . Then, after completing the forklift transfer step (III), the additional attachment member is attached in step (IV).

The central region corresponding to the planar regions of the upper flange portion and the left and right web portions refers to the central region of the upper flange portion and the left and right web portions having the same width as the planar region of the lower flange portion. A mounting member is usually attached to the central region in step (I).

(Mounting member)
The mounting member of the present invention refers to a member necessary for using a long steel material as a beam. The mounting members 20-29 in FIG. 5 are examples. For example, the mounting members 21, 22, 23, 25, and 26 are members for connecting with other members, and are for fixing with bolts and nuts using holes. The mounting member 27 is a member that hooks the long steel material when suspending it with a crane during construction work. The mounting members 28 and 29 are members that serve as alignment marks and wall stoppers for the walls when the walls are installed after the long steel members are fixed. The mounting member 20 is a member for hooking the fall prevention net during construction work. In this way, a large number of various mounting members are fixed to the long beam steel material.

Since the mounting member fixed to the upper and lower flanges naturally protrudes from the upper and lower flanges, it may become an obstacle when the flanges are horizontal and transported by a forklift. If the mounting member fixed to the left and right web portions is small, it protrudes from the left and right web portions but fits within the width of the upper and lower flange portions (does not exceed symbol P in FIG. 3). Even when the part is leveled and transported by a forklift, it does not become an obstacle. In the present invention, the mounting members fixed to the left and right web portions are not such small ones, but are those that do not fit within the width of the upper and lower flange portions (exceeding the symbol P in FIG. 3), and keep the web portions horizontal. It means something that can be an obstacle when transporting by forklift.

(Additional mounting member)
The additional attachment member of the present invention is a member that is fixed to the flat area after the long steel material is transported by the forklift. In this way, by fixing to the flat area after being transported by a forklift, the transport is not hindered during transport by a forklift. Since the flat area is provided on the lower flange, this additional attachment member is often a meshing hook member, like attachment member 20, for hooking the anti-fall net during construction operations. If the additional mounting member is a shading hook member, unlike other mounting members, the accuracy of the mounting position is not required so much, and since it is a small member, it is convenient because it can be relatively easily mounted after being transported by a forklift.

(fixed)
Fixing in the present invention means temporary welding or final welding of a mounting member or an additional mounting member to a long steel material. Temporary welding is to weld a portion of the joint to temporarily fix it, whereas final welding is to weld the entire joint. Temporary welding can fix the mounting member in a short time compared to final welding. Considering the fixing strength, it is finally necessary to weld all the mounting members and use them as beams. However, in the case of long steel beams to which many mounting members are attached, it is more efficient to perform temporary welding at first before proceeding with the work, and then perform final welding at some point before shipping. Temporary welding is often used temporarily. In the context of the present invention, fixing means both pre-welding and final welding. If temporary welding is performed first and final welding is performed in a subsequent process, the first temporary welding corresponds to fixing.

Hereinafter, steps (I) to (IV), which are an embodiment of the method for manufacturing a long steel beam for beams of the present invention, will be described in detail.

(Process (I))
Process (I) consists of upper and lower flanges, left and right webs other than the flat area, which is an area within 2.8 meters from the center of the lower flange part of the long steel material, which is H-beam or I-beam, toward both ends in the longitudinal direction. It is a step of fixing the mounting member to all of the parts.

FIG. 5(a) is a perspective view of the long steel material 200 to which the mounting member is attached after step (I) is completed. 5(b) is a bottom view of the lower flange portion viewed from the Y direction in FIG. 5(a). A flat area 50 (hatched portion) is provided on the lower flange portion of the long steel member.

As shown in FIG. 5(b), in step (I), no mounting member is fixed to the planar region 50 provided on the lower flange portion of the long steel material. By providing the flat area 50, the flat area 50 can be used in the process (II) and the process (III), and the mounting member can be prevented from becoming an obstacle.

On the other hand, mounting members are fixed to all of the upper and lower flange portions and the left and right web portions other than the flat area 50 provided on the lower flange portion of the long steel material. Since these regions do not become obstacles in the process (II) and the process (III), it is possible to freely design the type, position and number of mounting members.

The fixing of the mounting member may be done manually, or may be done mechanically as described in US Pat. In the case of mechanical work, it is possible to efficiently fasten (usually tack-weld) a large number of mounting members.

The long steel material for beams of the present invention is sometimes used in the construction of high-rise buildings, and many mounting members are often fixed thereon. In step (I), for example, the number of attachment members is 5 or more for each of the upper and lower flange portions and the left and right web portions other than the flat area, for a total of 20 or more. FIG. 5 is an example of this.

In the long steel material for beams of the present invention, furthermore, 3 or more mounting members are fixed to the center regions corresponding to the planar regions of the upper flange portion and the left and right web portions of the long steel material, for a total of 9 or more mounting members. There is also FIG. 5 is an example of this.

(Step (II))
Step (II) is a step of temporarily storing the long steel material by placing it on a cradle with the flat area facing downward. The cradle may be anything as long as it can stably store the long steel material, which is a heavy object. H-beams or I-beams installed on the factory floor are sometimes used as cradles.

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the state of step (II) in which the flat area 50 is placed on the cradles 31 and 32 with the plane area 50 facing downward. Since the mounting member is not fixed to the flat area 50 in step (I), the mounting member does not become an obstacle when the flat area 50 is placed on the cradle in step (II) with the flat area 50 facing downward. Therefore, there is no need for precise positioning when placing.

In the long steel material for beams of the present invention, 3 or more mounting members are fixed to the central regions corresponding to the planar regions of the upper flange portion and the left and right web portions of the long steel material, and 9 or more in total may be fixed. be. FIG. 5 is an example of this. In such a case, since the mounting member becomes an obstacle, it becomes difficult to place the device on the cradle with the surface other than the flat area facing downward.

(Step (III))
Step (III) is a step in which the fork of the forklift lifts the long steel material and transports it to the next work station by contacting the flat area. This is because if the long steel material after the process (II) is stored in the cradle as it is, the storage area becomes full and the process (I) cannot be performed. At the destination, the long steel material that has undergone the process (II) is subjected to the process (IV) or shipped.

Any forklift may be used as long as it can stably transport a long steel material which is a heavy object. A normal forklift can carry a weight of up to 4 tons. As the forklift, a commercially available forklift vehicle driven by a worker may be used, or a custom-made forklift vehicle that operates automatically may be used.

In particular, forklift trucks with unmanned automatic operation can solve the shortage of human resources and work even at night, so manufacturing efficiency can be further improved. For unmanned automatic operation of forklifts, it is possible to appropriately use well-known techniques such as Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-138819 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-105995.

In the case of unmanned automatic operation of a forklift, by inputting information in advance into the forklift, including the location where the long steel is placed and the position of the center of gravity, the long steel can be automatically picked up and transported to the next work site. Even if the pick-up point of the long steel material is slightly misaligned during unmanned automatic operation of the forklift, there is a flat area where no mounting members exist, so there is no significant effect on transportation. Further, there is no need to enter detailed information on the position of the mounting member for each type of long steel material, and automatic operation can be performed easily.

The flat area is an area within 2.8 meters from the center of the lower flange portion of the long steel material toward both ends in the longitudinal direction. This width is designed with a margin so that even an automatic transporter (approximately 5 meters wide), which is necessary for unmanned automatic operation of a forklift, will not become an obstacle.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the process (III) in which the fork of the forklift lifts the long steel material and conveys it to the next work place by contacting the flat area. In step (I), the mounting member is not fixed to the flat area at all, so in step (III), the mounting member does not become an obstacle during transportation by a forklift. Even if many mounting members are fixed to areas other than the plane area, they do not come into contact with the forks, and therefore do not interfere with forklift transportation.

In step (III), a cradle is placed in the next work area and can be stored with the flat area facing downward and in contact with the cradle.

The significance of providing the flat area in the long steel beams of the present invention is that the long steel beams of various patterns can be uniformly transported by a forklift. Looking at individual long steel beams, it is possible to insert a cradle and a fork into the gap between the fixed mounting members and transport them by forklift. However, it does not provide a manufacturing process for uniformly transporting long steel beams of various patterns by forklift.

In order to stably transport long steel materials, which are heavy objects, by forklift, it is necessary to accurately perform central positioning (centering) for stable transport by forklift. If present, this central alignment will not be possible. It is conceivable to calculate the area where the cradle and fork come into contact and design the long steel beams so that there are no mounting members there, but all of the various patterns of long steel beams can be considered. In some cases, it is impossible to design such a design because it is necessary to fix the mounting member at the position where the cradle and fork contact from a functional point of view. Even if it is not necessary to do so, it may not be realistic from the standpoint of work efficiency to make such a design one by one.

Therefore, in the method of manufacturing the long steel beams for beams of the present invention, providing a uniform flat region not only enables uniform transportation by forklift, but also has the effect of improving work efficiency.

(Process (IV))
Step (IV) is a step of fixing an additional mounting member to the flat area of the long steel material after being transported by the forklift. By fixing the additional mounting member to the flat area after the forklift transportation, the mounting member to be fixed to the flat area can be retrofitted without affecting the forklift transportation. Examples of additional attachment members include screen hook members.

Since the number of mounting members is small, it is common to manually fix the additional mounting members. At this time, the long steel beams placed on the pedestal can be manually rotated by a crane vehicle so that the plane area can be oriented in an easy-to-work direction. Even if a mobile crane or an overhead crane is used at this stage, the frequency of using the mobile crane or an overhead crane is greatly reduced in the manufacturing process as a whole.

In step (I), when the mounting member is fixed by temporary welding by mechanical work, final welding may be performed in addition to the work of fixing the additional mounting member in step (IV).

After finishing step (IV), the long steel material is shipped to the outside. This shipment is performed using, for example, a crane truck.

Below, one embodiment of the long steel material for beams of the present invention will be described in detail.

The long steel material for beams of the present invention is a long steel material that is H-shaped steel or I-shaped steel. The long steel material for beams is characterized in that 5 or more mounting members are fixed to each of the flange portion and the left and right web portions, and a total of 20 or more mounting members are fixed. Fig. 2 shows a long steel material after being manufactured in step (I) of the method for manufacturing a long steel material for beams of the present invention. The long steel material for beams of the present invention further includes three or more mounting members, nine or more in total, fixed to the central regions corresponding to the plane regions of the upper flange portion and the left and right web portions of the long steel member. It is characterized by The long steel generally weighs 1 ton or more and has a length of 6 meters or more.

Although the long steel material for beams of the present invention has a large number of mounting members fixed to the entire surface, no mounting members are fixed to the flat area, so that it can be easily transported by a forklift.

10 H-shaped steel 11 Upper flange 12 Lower flange 13 Webs 20-29 Mounting members 31, 32 Cradle
41 Fork 42 Forklift 50 Plane area 100 Long steel material for beams 200 as conventional technology Long steel material for beams of the present invention

Claims (9)

Mounting members for all upper and lower flanges and left and right web parts other than the flat area within 2.8 meters from the center of the lower flange part toward both longitudinal ends of the long steel H-beam or I-beam steel A step (I) of fixing the
a step (II) of temporarily storing the long steel material by placing it on a cradle with the flat area facing downward;
a fork of a forklift lifts and transports the steel strip to the next work station by contacting the flat area (III);
Step (IV) of fixing an additional mounting member to the flat area of the long steel material after transportation;
A method for manufacturing a long steel material for beams. 2. The beam according to claim 1, wherein in the step (I), the weight of the long steel material after fixing the mounting member is 1 ton or more and the length is 6 meters or more. A method for manufacturing long steel. 3. The mounting member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (I), 5 or more of the mounting members are fixed to each of the upper and lower flange portions and the left and right web portions other than the flat area, and a total of 20 or more of the mounting members are fixed. A method for manufacturing long steel materials for beams. 4. The mounting member according to claim 3, wherein three or more of each of the upper flange portion and the left and right web portions of the long steel material and a total of nine or more of the mounting members are fixed to the central regions corresponding to the plane regions. A method for manufacturing long steel materials for beams. 5. The method for manufacturing long steel beams according to claim 1, wherein in the step (III), the forklift is operated automatically. The method for manufacturing a long steel beam for beams according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (IV), the additional mounting member is a meshing hook member. 5 on each of the upper and lower flanges and the left and right webs, other than the flat area within 2.8 meters from the center of the lower flange of the long steel material, which is H-beam or I-beam, toward both ends in the longitudinal direction. A long steel material for a beam, characterized in that at least 20 mounting members are fixed. 8. The mounting members according to claim 7, wherein three or more of each of the upper flange portion and the left and right web portions of the long steel material and a total of nine or more of the mounting members are fixed to the central regions corresponding to the planar regions of the left and right web portions. Long steel for beams. The long steel material for beams according to claim 7, wherein the long steel material has a weight of 1 ton or more and a length of 6 meters or more.