JP2022527148A - 二次電池、その製造方法及び当該二次電池を備える装置 - Google Patents
二次電池、その製造方法及び当該二次電池を備える装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022527148A JP2022527148A JP2021554403A JP2021554403A JP2022527148A JP 2022527148 A JP2022527148 A JP 2022527148A JP 2021554403 A JP2021554403 A JP 2021554403A JP 2021554403 A JP2021554403 A JP 2021554403A JP 2022527148 A JP2022527148 A JP 2022527148A
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
Description
二次電池
[負極シート]
1)機器校正:ガスケット及び鋼柱を金型に入れ、15000Nに加圧した後に30s保持して秤量し、保圧高さH0を記録し、圧力を開放し、10s待った後に、圧力開放高さH1を読み取る。
2)リバウンド率測定:一定の質量(例えば0.9±0.01g程度)の活性材料を秤量し、その重量データM(単位g)を記録し、秤量された活性材料を全部金型溝に注ぎ、別の鋼ガスケットを取り、その平面を粉末に下向きに押し、鋼柱平面を下向きにして、ガスケットに押す。15000Nに加圧した後に30s保持し、保圧高さH2を記録する。圧力を開放し、10s待った後に、圧力開放高さH3を読み取る。材料のリバウンド率=(H3-H2-H1+H0)/(H2-H0)である。
(1)まず、冷間プレス後の負極膜層を任意に選択し、第2の負極活性材料をサンプリングし(スクレーパで粉末をこすり落としてサンプリングしてもよい)、スクレーパの深さは第1の負極膜層と第2の負極膜層との境界領域を超えない。
(2)次に、第1の負極活性材料をサンプリングし、負極膜層の冷間プレス過程において、第1の負極膜層と第2の負極膜層との間の境界領域に相互溶融層が存在する可能性があり(即ち、相互溶融層に第1の活性材料及び第2の活性材料が同時に存在する)、測定の正確性のために、第1の負極活性材料をサンプリングする時に、まず相互溶融層をこすり落とした後、第1の負極活性材料の粉末をこすり落としてサンプリングすることができる。
(3)上記の収集された第1の負極活性材料及び第2の負極活性材料をそれぞれ脱イオン水に入れ、且つ第1の負極活性材料及び第2の負極活性材料を吸引濾過し、乾燥し、さらに乾燥した後の各負極活性材料を一定の温度及び時間で焼結し(例えば400℃、2h)、接着剤及び導電性炭素を除去すれば、第1の負極活性材料及び第2の負極活性材料の測定サンプルが得られる。
[正極シート]
LiaNibCocMdOeAf (式1)
前記式1において、0.8≦a≦1.2、0.5≦b<1、0<c<1、0<d<1、1≦e≦2、0≦f≦1であり、Mは、Mn、Al、Zr、Zn、Cu、Cr、Mg、Fe、V、Ti及びBのうちの一種類又は複数種類から選択され、Aは、N、F、S及びClのうちの一種類又は複数種類から選択される。
[電解質]
[セパレータ]
二次電池の製造方法
1)負極集電体の少なくとも一つの表面に、第1の負極活性材料を含む第1の負極膜層を形成する工程と、
2)前記第1の負極膜層に、第2の負極活性材料を含む第2の負極膜層を形成する工程と
によって、前記二次電池の負極シートを製造することを含み、
前記第1の負極活性材料は天然黒鉛を含み、且つ、前記第1の負極活性材料は12%≦A≦18%を満たし、
前記第2の負極活性材料は人造黒鉛を含み、且つ、前記第2の負極活性材料は20%≦B≦30%を満たし、
Aは、15000Nの作用力を受けた後に測定された第1の負極活性材料のリバウンド率であり、
Bは、15000Nの作用力を受けた後に測定された第2の負極活性材料のリバウンド率である。
本願の負極シートの製造方法以外にも、本願の二次電池の他の構造及び製造方法自体は周知である。例えば、本願の正極シートは、以下の製造方法に応じて製造することができる。正極活性材料と選択可能な導電剤(例えばカーボンブラックなどの炭素材料)、接着剤(例えばPVDF)などとを混合した後に溶媒(例えばNMP)で分散させ、均一に撹拌した後に正極集電体に塗布し、乾燥させた後に正極シートが得られる。正極集電体として、アルミニウム箔などの金属箔又は多孔質金属板などの材料を用いることができる。正極シートを製造する時に、正極集電体の未塗布領域で、打ち抜き又はレーザダイカットなどの方式で正極タブを得ることができる。
最後に、正極シート、セパレータ、負極シートを順次積層して、セパレータが正極シートと負極シートとの間に位置して隔離の役割を果たし、次に巻回(又は積層)プロセスにより電極アセンブリを得る。電極アセンブリを外装に置き、乾燥した後に電解液を注入し、真空封止、静置、化成、整形などの工程を経て、二次電池が得られる。
装置
実施例
一.二次電池の製造
実施例1
1)正極シートの製造
2)負極シートの製造
3)セパレータ
4)電解液の調製
5)電池の製造
二.性能の測定方法
1.動力性能測定(室温リチウム析出倍率)
2.高温保存性能の測定
三.各実施例、比較例の測定結果
Claims (12)
- 二次電池であって、
負極シートを含み、
前記負極シートは、負極集電体及び負極膜層を含み、
前記負極膜層は、第1の負極膜層及び第2の負極膜層を含み、
前記第1の負極膜層は、負極集電体の少なくとも一つの表面に設置され、且つ第1の負極活性材料を含み、
前記第2の負極膜層は、第1の負極膜層に設置され、且つ第2の負極活性材料を含み、
前記第1の負極活性材料は天然黒鉛を含み、且つ、前記第1の負極活性材料は12%≦A≦18%を満たし、
前記第2の負極活性材料は人造黒鉛を含み、且つ、前記第2の負極活性材料は20%≦B≦30%を満たし、
Aは、15000Nの作用力を受けた後に測定された第1の負極活性材料のリバウンド率であり、
Bは、15000Nの作用力を受けた後に測定された第2の負極活性材料のリバウンド率である、二次電池。 - 13%≦A≦16%、及び/又は、24%≦B≦28%である、
請求項1に記載の二次電池。 - 1.1≦B/A≦2.5であり、好ましくは、1.5≦B/A≦2.1である、
請求項1又は2に記載の二次電池。 - 前記第1の負極活性材料の粒径分布(Dv90-Dv10)/Dv50は、前記第2の負極活性材料の粒径分布(Dv90-Dv10)/Dv50より小さい、
請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。 - 前記第1の負極活性材料の体積平均粒径DV50は、前記第2の負極活性材料の体積平均粒径DV50より大きい、
請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。 - 前記第1の負極活性材料は、下記(1)~(6)のうちの一つ又は複数をさらに満たす、
(1)前記第1の負極活性材料の体積分布粒径DV10は、8μm~12μmであり、好ましくは、9μm~11μmであること、
(2)前記第1の負極活性材料の体積平均粒径DV50は、15μm~19μmであり、好ましくは、16μm~18μmであること、
(3)前記第1の負極活性材料の粒径分布は、1.0≦(Dv90-Dv10)/Dv50≦1.5であり、好ましくは、1.0≦(Dv90-Dv10)/Dv50≦1.3であること、
(4)前記第1の負極活性材料の黒鉛化度は、95%~98%であり、好ましくは、96%~97%であること、
(5)前記第1の負極活性材料の形状は、球状及び略球状のうちの一種類又は複数種類を含むこと、
(6)前記第1の負極活性材料は、表面の少なくとも一部に非晶質炭素被覆層を有すること、
請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。 - 前記第2の負極活性材料は、下記(1)~(6)のうちの一つ又は複数をさらに満たす、
(1)前記第2の負極活性材料の体積分布粒径DV10は、6μm~10μmであり、好ましくは、7μm~9μmであること、
(2)前記第2の負極活性材料の体積平均粒径DV50は、14μm~18μmであり、好ましくは、15μm~17μmであること、
(3)前記第2の負極活性材料の粒径分布は、1.0≦(Dv90-Dv10)/Dv50≦2であり、好ましくは、1.2≦(Dv90-Dv10)/Dv50≦1.7であること、
(4)前記第2の負極活性材料の黒鉛化度は、90%~95%であり、好ましくは、91%~93%であること、
(5)前記第2の負極活性材料の形状は、ブロック状及びシート状のうちの一種類又は複数種類を含むこと、
(6)前記第2の負極活性材料は、表面に非晶質炭素被覆層を有さないこと、
請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。 - 前記第1の負極活性材料における前記天然黒鉛の質量割合は、≧50%であり、好ましくは、80%~100%であり、及び/又は、
前記第2の負極活性材料における前記人造黒鉛の質量割合は、≧80%であり、好ましくは、90%~100%である、
請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。 - 前記二次電池は、下記(1)~(4)のうちの一つ又は複数をさらに満たす、
(1)前記負極膜層の厚さは、≧60μmであり、好ましくは、65μm~80μmであること、
(2)前記第1の負極膜層と前記第2の負極膜層との厚さの比は、1:1.01~1:1.1であり、好ましくは、1:1.02~1:1.06であること、
(3)前記負極膜層の面密度CWは、10mg/cm2≦CW≦13mg/cm2を満たし、好ましくは、10.5mg/cm2≦CW≦11.5mg/cm2を満たすこと、
(4)前記負極膜層の比表面積Sは、1.8m2/g≦S≦2.6m2/gを満たし、好ましくは、2.0m2/g≦S≦2.4m2/gを満たすこと、
請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。 - 前記二次電池は、正極シートを含み、
前記正極シートは、正極集電体と、正極集電体の少なくとも一つの表面に設置され、且つ正極活性材料を含む正極膜層と、を含み、
前記正極活性材料は、リチウム遷移金属酸化物、オリビン構造のリチウム含有リン酸塩及びそのそれぞれの改質化合物のうちの一種類又は複数種類を含み、
好ましくは、前記正極活性材料は、式1で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物及びその改質化合物のうちの一種類又は複数種類を含み、
LiaNibCocMdOeAf (式1)
前記式1において、0.8≦a≦1.2、0.5≦b<1、0<c<1、0<d<1、1≦e≦2、0≦f≦1であり、Mは、Mn、Al、Zr、Zn、Cu、Cr、Mg、Fe、V、Ti及びBのうちの一種類又は複数種類から選択され、Aは、N、F、S及びClのうちの一種類又は複数種類から選択される、
請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。 - 二次電池の製造方法であって、
1)負極集電体の少なくとも一つの表面に、第1の負極活性材料を含む第1の負極膜層を形成する工程と、
2)前記第1の負極膜層に、第2の負極活性材料を含む第2の負極膜層を形成する工程と
によって、前記二次電池の負極シートを製造することを含み、
前記第1の負極活性材料は天然黒鉛を含み、且つ、前記第1の負極活性材料は12%≦A≦18%を満たし、
前記第2の負極活性材料は人造黒鉛を含み、且つ、前記第2の負極活性材料は20%≦B≦30%を満たし、
Aは、15000Nの作用力を受けた後に測定された第1の負極活性材料のリバウンド率であり、
Bは、15000Nの作用力を受けた後に測定された第2の負極活性材料のリバウンド率である、
二次電池の製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池又は請求項11に記載の二次電池の製造方法で製造された二次電池を備える装置。
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