JP2022502439A - 細菌を用いる感染症治療の方法 - Google Patents
細菌を用いる感染症治療の方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、参照によりその内容全体が本明細書に組み入れられるものとする、2018年9月27日出願の米国仮出願第62/737,762号の米国特許法§119の下における優先権の恩典を主張する。
本開示は、細菌を用いる感染症治療の方法(METHODS OF TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS USING BACTERIA)に関する。
本開示の実験例は、LPS随伴内毒素を大幅に低減するよう処理した無傷かつほぼ生き残れないグラム陰性の細菌性細胞は、免疫細胞からのサイトカイン分泌を誘発する能力が驚くほど増大したことを実証している。したがって、このような処理済み細菌性細胞は、被験体の免疫反応を刺激する安全かつ有効な手段を提供するのに適している。免疫反応は、細菌性、真菌性、寄生虫による、又はウイルス性の感染症に対抗するものであり得る。
本明細書に開示される無傷かつほぼ生き残れないグラム陰性の細菌性細胞は、被験体の免疫系を強化するのに有用であり、また改善された免疫反応により疾患及び病態を防止又は治療するのに有用である。本明細書に開示される無傷かつほぼ生き残れないグラム陰性の細菌性細胞は、このような疾患又は病態を発症するリスクのある被験体に対するワクチン又は免疫学的アジュバントとして使用することもできる。
幾つかの実施形態において、被験体に投与される無傷かつほぼ生き残れないグラム陰性の細菌性細胞LPS随伴内毒素活性レベルを決定することができる。一実施形態において、投与される組成物は、被験体の体重1kgあたり約0.01〜200ngの活性LPSを含む。
一実施形態において、本明細書記載の細菌性細胞は、感染症治療のために使用及び/又は開発されている1つ又はそれ以上の追加的治療薬との組合せで使用することができる。
疾患又は病態の治療に適している種々の組成物を本開示に記載してきた。一実施形態において、無傷かつほぼ生き残れないグラム陰性の細菌性細胞であって、リポ多糖類(LPS)随伴内毒素活性が、リムルス変形細胞溶解物(LAL)検定によって測定されるとき、未処理野生型グラム陰性の細菌性細胞に比べて約90%〜99%低減し、総LPS随伴内毒素活性が、約0.7ng〜7,000ngの活性LPS、約7ng〜7,000ngの活性LPS、約7ng〜1400ngの活性LPS、又は約70ng〜1400ngの活性LPSに等しい結果となるよう処理してある、該細菌性細胞を複数含む組成物又は剤形を提供する。
この実施例は、非病原性のグラム陰性細菌の致死化及び安定化と同時に、LPS活性の完全な排除をすることがない有意な低減が、点滴(i.v.)投与により抗腫瘍免疫反応を安全かつ効果的に誘発できるという仮説を検証した。
この実施例は、ヒト末梢血単核細胞からのサイトカイン分泌誘発における処理済み細菌の能力を試験した。
fit = (A+((B-A)/(1+(((B-E)/(E-A))*((x/C)^D)))))
であった。補間データは、媒剤(vehicle)比較対照(control)又は非刺激比較対照に対して正規化し、また分析した。新鮮な正常末梢血の白血球除去輸血ピークからのPBMCsを、フィコール階調度(Ficoll-Paque PLUS, Cat #17-144-02, density 1.077+/-0.001 g/mL from GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA)を用いて単離した。細菌媒剤は、カルシウムがなくまた2mMのMgCl2を含むリン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)であった。
この実施例は、動物のウイルス感染症治療における処理済み細菌活性を調べるため実施例1及び2に示すように準備することができる処理済み細菌を試験する。
アデノ随伴ウイルス/B型肝炎ウイルス(AAV/HBV)は、複製可能なヒトHBVゲノムを担持する組み換え型AAVである。遺伝子型8AAVの高い肝臓指向性を示す特徴を活用して、ヒトHBVゲノムをマウスの肝細胞に効率的に送達することができる。免疫能力があるマウスのAAV/HBVによる感染は、ヒトHBVウイルス粒子、HBsAg及びHBeAgの血液内への放出が含まれる長期にわたりウイルス血症を発症する結果となるおそれがあり、これは、患者に慢性HBV感染症に似た症状を呈する。このAAV/HBVモデルは、種々のタイプの抗-HBV薬剤のインビボ(生体内)活性を評価するのに使用することができる。さらに、これは、免疫変調成分の評価における適切なモデルである(例えば、以下の非特許文献参考されたい:Huang et al., Int. J. Onc. v39 pp1511-1519, 2011)。
この実施例は、非ステロイド系抗炎症薬剤(NSAID)がデコイ細胞による抗ウイルス活性を高めるか、デコイの抗ウイルス活性が治療中断後に失われるか、またETV、デコイ、及びETV+デコイの治療による潜在的毒性を決定するために行った。実験は、実施例4に記載したように実施し、ただしAAV/HBVウイルスは、投与開始に対して−29日目に注射した。血漿におけるHBV-DNA、HBsAg、及びHBeAgのレベルは、投与開始の0日目に対して−15、−8、及び−1日目に決定し、またETV投与は0.1mg/kgに増加した。さらに、図3、4、5及び6に示したすべてのグループには、インドメタシン(NSAID)を毎日(飲料水内に10μg/mL)投与した。投与は実施例4におけるように5週間にわたり実施し、HBV-DNA、HBsAg、及びHBeAgの血漿レベルは毎週決定し、並びに治療中断後27週にわたり隔週で決定した。阻害活性は、治療したグループを各時点で、同一時点における比較対照(インドメタシン単独)グループに対して不対ノンパラメトリックのマン-ホイットニー統計学的分析によって比較することによって決定した。
デコイ細菌のヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)感染症をインビボ(生体内)で阻害する潜在能力を試験するため、NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull-特異性(NCG)免疫不全雌マウス(チャールス・リバー社)において、ヒト臍帯血から単離した造血幹細胞でヒト免疫系を再構成した。骨髄機能廃絶化学療法(Manfroi et al., Can. Res. v77, pp1097-1107 2017)後に、臍帯血由来CD34+造血幹細胞及び前駆細胞(フレンチ・ブラッド・インスティテュート社)をマウスに移植した。生着は、105CD34+細胞の静脈注射で構成される。生着レベルは、ローサイトメトリーによる全血白血球におけるヒトCD45+の分析によってモニタリングした。
Claims (40)
- 予防又は治療が必要な患者の感染症を予防又は治療する方法において、無傷かつほぼ生き残れないグラム陰性の細菌性細胞であって、リポ多糖類(LPS)随伴内毒素活性が、リムルス変形細胞溶解物(LAL)検定によって測定されるとき、未処理野生型グラム陰性の細菌性細胞に比べて約75%〜90%低減した結果となるよう処理してある、該細菌性細胞を複数含む組成物の有効量を前記患者に投与するステップを備える、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記組成物は、患者の体重1kgあたり約0.01〜100ngの活性LPSを含有する、方法。
- 請求項2記載の方法において、前記組成物は、患者の体重1kgあたり約0.02〜20ngの活性LPSを含有する、方法。
- 請求項2記載の方法において、前記組成物は、患者の体重1kgあたり約0.1〜10ngの活性LPSを含有する、方法。
- 請求項1〜4のうちいずれか1項記載の方法において、前記組成物は、1×108個の細胞あたり約2〜200ngの活性LPSを含有する、方法。
- 請求項5記載の方法において、前記組成物は、1×108個の細胞あたり約10〜120ngの活性LPSを含有する、方法。
- 請求項5記載の方法において、前記組成物は、1×108個の細胞あたり約20〜100ngの活性LPSを含有する、方法。
- 請求項1〜7のうちいずれか1項記載の方法において、前記無傷かつほぼ生き残れないグラム陰性の細菌性細胞は、LPS随伴内毒素が約85%〜98%低減した結果となるよう処理しておく、方法。
- 請求項8記載の方法において、前記無傷かつほぼ生き残れないグラム陰性の細菌性細胞は、LPS随伴内毒素が約90%〜98%低減した結果となるよう処理しておく、方法。
- 請求項1〜9のうちいずれか1項記載の方法において、前記感染症はウイルス感染症とする、方法。
- 請求項10記載の方法において、前記ウイルス感染症は、表Aから選択されるウイルスによる感染症とする、方法。
- 請求項10記載の方法において、前記ウイルス感染症は、B型肝炎ウイルス(HBV)又はヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)によるものとする、方法。
- 請求項10〜12のうちいずれか1項記載の方法において、さらに、前記患者に第2治療剤を投与するステップを備える、方法。
- 請求項13記載の方法において、前記第2治療剤は、シクロオキシゲナーゼ阻害剤であって、6MNA、アスピリン、カルプロフェン、ジクロフェナク、フェノプロフェン、フルフェナメート、フルビプロフェン、イブプロフェン、インドメタシン、ケトプロフェン、ケトロラク、メクロフェナメート、メフェナム酸、ナプロキセン、ニフルム酸、ピロキシカム、硫化スリンダク、スプロフェン、テニダップ、トルメチン、トモキシプロル、ゾメピラク、セレクソシブ、エトドラク、メロキシカム、ニメスリド、フルオロリン酸ジイソプロピル、L745,337、NS398、ロフェコキシブ、SC58125、S-アミノサリチル酸、アンピロン、ジフルニサル、ナブメトン、パラセタモール、レスベラトロル、サリシン、サリチルアルデヒド、サリチル酸ナトリウム、スルファサラジン、スリンダク、タモキシフェン、チクロピジン、サリチル酸バレリル及びそれらの組合せより成るグループから選択するのが好ましい、該シクロオキシゲナーゼ阻害剤である、方法。
- 請求項13記載の方法において、前記第2治療剤は、CD27、CD28、CD40、CD122、CD137、OX40、GITR及びICOSより成るグループから選択するのが好ましい、刺激性免疫チェックポイントのアゴニストである、方法。
- 請求項13記載の方法において、前記第2治療剤は、A2AR、B7-H3、B7-H4、CTLA-4、IDO、KIR、LAG3、PD-1、PD-L1、TIM-3及びVISTAより成るグループから選択するのが好ましい、抑制性免疫チェックポイントのアゴニストである、方法。
- 請求項13記載の方法において、前記第2治療剤は、アバカビル、アシクロビル、アデフォビル、アマンタジン、アムプレナビル、アムプリゲン、アルビドール、アタザナビル、アトリプラ、バラビル、シドフォビル、コンビビル、ドルテグラビル、ダルナビル、デラビルジン、ジダノシン、ドコサノール、エドクスジン、エファビレンツ、エムトリシタビン、エンフビルチド、エンテカビル、エコリーベル、ファムシクロビル、ホミビルセン、フォスアンプレナビル、フォスカネット、フォスフォネット、ガンシクロビル、イバシタビン、イムノビル、ドクスウリジン、イミキモド、インジナビル、イノシン、インテグラーゼ阻害剤、III型インターフェロン、II型インターフェロン、I型インターフェロン、インターフェロン、ラミブジン、ロピナビル、ロビライド、マラビロク、モロキシジン、メチサゾン、ネルフィナビル、ネビラピン、ネクサビル、ニタゾクサナイド、ヌクレオシド類似体、ノービア、オセルタミビル(タミフル(登録商標))、ペグインターフェロンα-2a、ペンシクロビル、ペラミビル、プレコナリル、ポドフィロトキシン、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、ラルテグラビル、リバビリン、リマンタジン、リトナビル、ピラミジン、サキナビル、ソフォスブビル、スタブジン、テラプレビル、テノホビル、テノホビルジソプロキシル、チプラナビル、トリフルリジン、トリジビル、トロマンタジン、ツルバダ、バラシクロビル、バルガンシクロビル、ビクリビロク、ビダラビン、ビラミジン、ザルシタビン、ザナミビル、ジドブジン及びそれらの組合せより成るグループから選択される、方法。
- 請求項13記載の方法において、前記第2治療剤は、インターフェロンα又はペグインターフェロンである、方法。
- 請求項1〜18のうちいずれか1項記載の方法において、前記グラム陰性の細菌性細胞は統合された又は外来性のポリヌクレオチドを含み、該ポリヌクレオチドは病原体特異的抗原又は免疫系刺激タンパク質をコード化する、方法。
- 請求項1〜19のうちいずれか1項記載の方法において、前記投与は、感染してから24時間以内、又は感染後の2日以内、3日以内、4日以内、5日以内、6日以内若しくは7日以内に開始する、方法。
- 請求項1〜20のうちいずれか1項記載の方法において、前記投与は、感染してから少なくとも24時間後、又は感染してから少なくとも2日後、3日後、4日後、5日後、6日後若しくは7日後に開始する、方法。
- 請求項1〜21のうちいずれか1項記載の方法において、前記細菌性細胞のうち少なくとも90%、95%又は100%は生き残れないものである、方法。
- 請求項1〜22のうちいずれか1項記載の方法において、前記処理は、ポリミキシン、好適には、ポリミキシンB又はポリミキシンEにより行う、方法。
- 請求項23記載の方法において、前記処理は、約2°C〜約10°C、好適には、約4°Cで行う、方法。
- 請求項1〜24のうちいずれか1項記載の方法において、前記処理は、ポリミキシン及びグルタルアルデヒドで行う、方法。
- 請求項25記載の方法において、前記処理は、約3μg/mL〜約1,000μg/mLの用量範囲におけるポリミキシンB、及び約0.1%〜約1.0%の用量範囲におけるグルタルアルデヒドで行う、方法。
- 請求項1〜26のうちいずれか1項記載の方法において、前記細菌性細胞は、サルモネラ細胞又はエシェリキア細胞である、方法。
- 無傷かつほぼ生き残れないグラム陰性の細菌性細胞であり、リポ多糖類(LPS)随伴内毒素活性が、リムルス変形細胞溶解物(LAL)検定によって測定されるとき、未処理野生型グラム陰性の細菌性細胞に比べて約75%〜99%低減した結果となるよう処理してある、該細菌性細胞を複数含む医薬剤形であって、総LPS随伴内毒素活性が、約0.7ng〜7000ngの活性LPSに等しい、好適には、約7ng〜1400ngの活性LPSに等しい、医薬剤形。
- 請求項28記載の医薬剤形において、さらに、第2治療剤を含む、医薬剤形。
- 請求項29記載の医薬剤形において、前記第2治療剤は、シクロオキシゲナーゼ阻害剤であって、6MNA、アスピリン、カルプロフェン、ジクロフェナク、フェノプロフェン、フルフェナメート、フルビプロフェン、イブプロフェン、インドメタシン、ケトプロフェン、ケトロラク、メクロフェナメート、メフェナム酸、ナプロキセン、ニフルム酸、ピロキシカム、硫化スリンダク、スプロフェン、テニダップ、トルメチン、トモキシプロル、ゾメピラク、セレクソシブ、エトドラク、メロキシカム、ニメスリド、フルオロリン酸ジイソプロピル、L745,337、NS398、ロフェコキシブ、SC58125、S-アミノサリチル酸、アンピロン、ジフルニサル、ナブメトン、パラセタモール、レスベラトロル、サリシン、サリチルアルデヒド、サリチル酸ナトリウム、スルファサラジン、スリンダク、タモキシフェン、チクロピジン、サリチル酸バレリル及びそれらの組合せより成るグループから選択するのが好ましい、該シクロオキシゲナーゼ阻害剤である、医薬剤形。
- 請求項29記載の医薬剤形において、前記第2治療剤は、CD27、CD28、CD40、CD122、CD137、OX40、GITR及びICOSより成るグループから選択するのが好ましい、刺激性免疫チェックポイントのアゴニストである、医薬剤形。
- 請求項29記載の医薬剤形において、前記第2治療剤は、A2AR、B7-H3、B7-H4、CTLA-4、IDO、KIR、LAG3、PD-1、PD-L1、TIM-3及びVISTAより成るグループから選択するのが好ましい、抑制性免疫チェックポイントのアゴニストである、医薬剤形。
- 請求項29記載の医薬剤形において、前記第2治療剤は、アバカビル、アシクロビル、アデフォビル、アマンタジン、アムプレナビル、アムプリゲン、アルビドール、アタザナビル、アトリプラ、バラビル、シドフォビル、コンビビル、ドルテグラビル、ダルナビル、デラビルジン、ジダノシン、ドコサノール、エドクスジン、エファビレンツ、エムトリシタビン、エンフビルチド、エンテカビル、エコリーベル、ファムシクロビル、ホミビルセン、フォスアンプレナビル、フォスカネット、フォスフォネット、ガンシクロビル、イバシタビン、イムノビル、ドクスウリジン、イミキモド、インジナビル、イノシン、インテグラーゼ阻害剤、III型インターフェロン、II型インターフェロン、I型インターフェロン、インターフェロン、ラミブジン、ロピナビル、ロビライド、マラビロク、モロキシジン、メチサゾン、ネルフィナビル、ネビラピン、ネクサビル、ニタゾクサナイド、ヌクレオシド類似体、ノービア、オセルタミビル(タミフル(登録商標))、ペグインターフェロンα-2a、ペンシクロビル、ペラミビル、プレコナリル、ポドフィロトキシン、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、ラルテグラビル、リバビリン、リマンタジン、リトナビル、ピラミジン、サキナビル、ソフォスブビル、スタブジン、テラプレビル、テノホビル、テノホビルジソプロキシル、チプラナビル、トリフルリジン、トリジビル、トロマンタジン、ツルバダ、バラシクロビル、バルガンシクロビル、ビクリビロク、ビダラビン、ビラミジン、ザルシタビン、ザナミビル、ジドブジン及びそれらの組合せより成るグループから選択される、医薬剤形。
- 請求項29記載の医薬剤形において、前記第2治療剤は、インターフェロンα又はペグインターフェロンである、医薬剤形。
- 請求項28〜34のうちいずれか1項記載の医薬剤形において、前記グラム陰性の細菌性細胞は統合された又は外来性のポリヌクレオチドを含み、該ポリヌクレオチドは病原体特異的抗原又は免疫系刺激タンパク質をコード化する、医薬剤形。
- 請求項28〜35のうちいずれか1項記載の医薬剤形において、1×108個の細胞あたり約2〜200ngの活性LPSを含有する、医薬剤形。
- 請求項36記載の医薬剤形において、1×108個の細胞あたり約10〜120ngの活性LPSを含有する、医薬剤形。
- 請求項36記載の医薬剤形において、1×108個の細胞あたり約20〜100ngの活性LPSを含有する、医薬剤形。
- 請求項28〜38のうちいずれか1項記載の医薬剤形において、前記無傷かつほぼ生き残れないグラム陰性の細菌性細胞は、LPS随伴内毒素が約85%〜98%低減した結果となるよう処理しておく、医薬剤形。
- 請求項39記載の医薬剤形において、前記無傷かつほぼ生き残れないグラム陰性の細菌性細胞は、LPS随伴内毒素が約90%〜98%低減した結果となるよう処理しておく、医薬剤形。
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IL281775A (en) | 2021-05-31 |
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