JP2022160647A - マジンドールのir/sr多層錠剤及び該錠剤の注意欠陥/多動性障害(adhd)の治療のための使用 - Google Patents
マジンドールのir/sr多層錠剤及び該錠剤の注意欠陥/多動性障害(adhd)の治療のための使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022160647A JP2022160647A JP2022127603A JP2022127603A JP2022160647A JP 2022160647 A JP2022160647 A JP 2022160647A JP 2022127603 A JP2022127603 A JP 2022127603A JP 2022127603 A JP2022127603 A JP 2022127603A JP 2022160647 A JP2022160647 A JP 2022160647A
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- mazindol
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Abstract
Description
薬(アトモキセチン、クロニジン及びグアンファシン)及びモノアミン酸化酵素B阻害薬(セレギリン)に属する。そのようなドパミン作動性精神刺激薬による不注意、衝動性、及び多動性の改善は、しばしば非常に有効であるが、それにもかかわらず多くの被験体においては不十分である。
れらの薬物の悪用及び乱用のための流用についての懸念がなされており、刺激薬の薬物療法を用いることにより、まれであるが重篤な幾つかの心血管性副作用が生ずることがある。アトモキセチン、クロニジン、及びグアンファシン等の非刺激薬もADHDの治療において有効であることが分かっているが、これらの作用物質の効能は刺激薬で認められる効能には匹敵し得ない(非特許文献5)。刺激薬の処置によってさえ、最適な働きはADHDを伴う4人の小児においてほぼ1人にしか生じない(非特許文献6)。ADHDの理解及び治療における相当の進展にかかわらず、該障害は、依然として管理することが困難であり、更なる治療の選択肢を開発する必要がある(非特許文献7)。さらに、ADHDの治療において投与される薬物の幾つかは、特に錠剤の過度な大きさ、又は1日に数回の薬物投与のため、小児投与用には適さない。
に達する。薬物動態は、1mg/日から4mg/日の間の用量の場合には線形(用量と無関係に)である。しかしながら、この結果は、マジンドールの最近の即放性製剤に関連するものである。
マジンドール及び少なくとも1種の希釈剤を含む少なくとも1層の即放性(IR)層と、
マジンドール及び少なくとも1種の持続放出性のpH非依存性の水不溶性ポリマーを含む少なくとも1層の持続放出性(SR)層と、
を含み、含まれるマジンドールの総量は、1mgから6mgの間であり、かつ含まれるIR層とSR層との間の重量比は、40:60から80:20の間、好ましくは50:50から70:30の間、より好ましくは50:50である、単位剤形に関する。
飲み込み易さ、
製造のし易さ、
薬剤の放出速度を、それぞれの別個の層の成分を変更することにより制御することができること、
カプセル剤、液剤等のその他の剤形と比べて優れた安定性、
患者がその剤形を勝手に変更することを防ぐこと、
投薬間隔の間の定常状態のマジンドール血漿濃度における縮小した変動、
安定性の向上、
摂食を不必要に遅らせることなく、1時間~2時間以内に発現すること、及び、
心拍数の増加が抑えられること、
を有する。
(a)IR層の賦形剤の混合物を調製する工程と、
(a’)SR層の賦形剤の混合物を調製する工程と、
(b)工程(a)のIR混合物及び工程(a’)のSR混合物を、多層打錠機、好ましくは2層打錠機中に加える工程と、
を含む、本発明による単位剤形の製造方法に関する。
用語「マトリックス型錠剤」は、本発明においては、各層の内部構造がその層の中心から表面に向かって均質かつ同一である錠剤を表すために使用される。したがって、本発明の錠剤の層は、粉末若しくは顆粒の形の有効成分と、打錠用マトリックスとの均質な混合物からなる。
ス)又は多孔質ネットワーク(不活性マトリックス)を有する。用語「打錠用混合物」は、本出願においては、錠剤形に打錠される前の錠剤の全ての成分(1種以上の有効成分(造粒された又は造粒されていない)及び上記打錠用マトリックスの成分)を表すために使用される。
変動:100×(Cmax(ss)-Cmin(ss))/Cav
(式中、Cavは、AUC(0-τ)を投薬間隔で割ったものに相当する「平均定常状態濃度」である:Cav=AUC(0-τ)/τ)に従って計算される。
揺らぎ:100×(Cmax(ss)-Cmin(ss))/Cmin(ss)=Δ
ランスに依存する。
図1~6は、実施例3の試作錠剤の溶出プロファイルを示している。
マジンドール及び少なくとも1種の希釈剤を含む少なくとも1層の即放性(IR)層と、
マジンドール及び少なくとも1種の持続放出性のpH非依存性の水不溶性ポリマーを含む少なくとも1層の持続放出性(SR)層と、
を含み、含まれるマジンドールの総量は、1mgから5mgの間であり、かつ含まれるIR層とSR層との間の重量比は、40:60から80:20の間、好ましくは50:50から70:30の間、より好ましくは50:50である、単位剤形である。好ましくは、本発明による単位剤形は、2層錠剤である。
により測定した場合に、1時間で60%から80%の間、及び2時間で70%から90%の間であり得る。もう1つの実施形態においては、本発明による単位剤形は、0.5時間で50%~65%の、1時間で55%~85%の、2時間で65%~95%の、4時間で75%以上の、そして8時間で85%以上の溶出を有し得る。
かと架橋されたアクリル酸の高分子量ポリマー(カルボポール、カルボマー)、メタクリル酸の部類からのポリマー、ポリビニルアルコール誘導体、乳酸及びグリコール酸のポリマー(PLGA)、デンプン、ワックス類、ポリ酢酸ビニル誘導体、ポリビニルピロリドン誘導体及びそれらの混合物からなる群において選択され、好ましくは、セルロースポリマー及びアリルスクロース又はペンタエリトリトールのアリルエーテルのいずれかと架橋されたアクリル酸の高分子量ポリマー(カルボポール、カルボマー)からなる群において選択される。
白蝋又は黄蝋、ポリ酢酸ビニル誘導体が含まれる。
(a)IR層の賦形剤の混合物を調製する工程と、
(a’)SR層の賦形剤の混合物を調製する工程と、
(b)工程(a)のIR混合物及び工程(a’)のSR混合物を、多層打錠機、好ましく
は2層打錠機中に加える工程と、
を含む、本発明による単位剤形の製造方法に関する。
a.就眠が困難であることを特徴とする入眠障害、
b.夜間の多動性及び夜中の覚醒を特徴とする睡眠維持障害、並びに、
c.概して慢性的であり、かつ概して不安、ストレス及び抑鬱エピソードに関連する精神病理学的不眠、
を表す。
、15μg/l未満の、又は更に約10μg/l未満のフェリチン濃度に達する場合がある。血清フェリチンの測定技術は、当業者に良く知られている。免疫酵素的方法(IMXフェリチンキット、Abbot Laboratories社)を挙げることができる。
の正常な濃度範囲は、男性については2.0mg/l~4.50mg/lであり、女性については1.80mg/l~4.70mg/lである(Roche社製のRsTFキット商品
番号2148315を参照)。
1)精神刺激薬化合物:メチルフェニデート(特に、Ritalin(商標)、Concerta(商標)、Equasym(商標)、Quasym、Medikinet Retard(商標))、アルモダフィニル(Nuvigil(商標))、モダフィニル(Sparlon(商標)、Modiodal(商標)、Provigil(商標))、アトモキセチン(Strattera(商標))、ブプロピオン、及びアンフェタミン類、例えばd-アンフェタミン、デキセドリン、デキサアンフェタミン、及びリスデキサンフェタミン(Vyvanse(商標)、Elvanse(商標))、
2)L-ドパ:Modopar、Sinemat、
3)選択的ドパミンアゴニスト:プラミペキソール(Sifrol(商標)、Mirapex(商標))、ロピニロール(Requip(商標)、Adartrel(商標))
、リスリド、ペルゴリド、カベルゴリン等。
溶出媒体:0.01NのHCl
媒体容量:500mL
米国薬局方の装置2(パドル)
速度:50rpm
媒体温度:37℃±0.5℃
6種の錠剤を試験する(特段の規定がない限り)
時間点:1時間、2時間、4時間、6時間及び8時間
それぞれの容器から約5mLを、カニューレ及び10μmのフルフローフィルターが取り付けられたシリンジ又はオートサンプラーを使用してサンプリングする。
A.持続放出性(SR)層(2mg錠剤)のための製造方法
1. 以下の成分を秤量する:濃度は重量/重量%。
a.マジンドール 2.0
b.ラクトース一水和物NF/ヒプロメロースNF(Retalac(商標))
97.0
c.カルボポール971P 0.5
d.ステアリン酸マグネシウム 0.5
合計=100%
2. 工程1からの成分a、b、cを篩いにかけ、V型混合機中に入れ、20分間にわたり混合する。
3. 工程2からの成分をComilに通す。
4. 工程3からの成分をV型混合機中に加える。
5. 工程1からの項目dを篩いにかけ、該混合機中に入れ、5分間にわたり混合する。6. 工程5からの材料を錠剤製造のために収集する。
1. 以下の成分を秤量する:濃度は重量/重量%。
a.マジンドール 2.0
b.ラクトース一水和物NF 97.5
c.ステアリン酸マグネシウム 0.5
合計=100%
2. 工程1からの成分a、bを篩いにかけ、V型混合機中に入れ、20分間にわたり混合する。
3. 工程2からの成分をComilに通す。
4. 工程3からの成分をV型混合機中に加える。
5. 工程1からの項目cを篩いにかけ、該混合機中に入れ、5分間にわたり混合する。6. 工程5からの材料を錠剤製造のために収集する。
1. 2層打錠機を校正用分銅(correct weight)に対して調整する。
2. IR混合物をホッパー1に加える。
3. SR混合物をホッパー2に加える。
4. 全重量100mgで打錠する。
6種の2層錠剤を製造した。溶出は、マジンドール錠剤について米国薬局方のモノグラフにより行った。
ローブを使用して収集した。放出値(%)は、試作品バッチ当たりに2個又は3個のいずれかの錠剤の平均として報告される。
て分析した。
Kim SS, Lee HW, Lee KT. Validated method for determination of mazindol in human
plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2009;877:1011-16.
Barbaresi WJ et al: How common is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Incidence in a population-based birth cohort in Rochester, Minn. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156(3):217-224.
Kessler RC et al: The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2006, 163(4):716-723.
Faraone SV, Glatt SJ: A comparison of the efficacy of medications for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using meta-analysis of effect sizes. J Clin
Psychiatry. 2009;71(6):754-763.
Fallingborg J Intraluminal pH of the human gastrointestinal tract. Dan Med Bull. 1999 Jun;46(3):183-96. Greenhill LL, et al: Medication treatment strategies in
the MTA Study: relevance to clinicians and researchers. J Am Acad Child Adolesc
Psychiatry. 1996;35(10):1304-1313.
Antshel KM, et al: Advances in understanding and treating ADHD. BMC Medicine. 2011;9:72-84.
Moffitt TE, et al: Is Adult ADHD a Childhood-Onset Neurodevelopmental Disorder? Evidence From a Four-Decade Longitudinal Cohort Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2015:appiajp201514101266 (ePub ahead of print).
Kooij SJ, et al: European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: the European Network Adult ADHD. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:67
Konofal, Eric et al. "Pilot Phase II Study of Mazindol in Children with Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder." Drug Design, Development and Therapy 8 (2014): 2321-2332.
Kidane et al., International Publication No. WO2001/123496, published on October
6, 2011.
Claims (12)
- 多層マトリックス型錠剤の形のマジンドールの経口医薬単位剤形であって、
マジンドール及び少なくとも1種の希釈剤を含む少なくとも1層の即放性(IR)層と、
マジンドール及び少なくとも1種の持続放出性のpH非依存性の水不溶性ポリマーを含む少なくとも1層の持続放出性(SR)層と、
を含み、含まれるマジンドールの総量は、1mgから6mgの間であり、かつ含まれるIR層とSR層との間の重量比は、40:60から80:20の間、好ましくは50:50から70:30の間、より好ましくは50:50である、単位剤形。 - 米国薬局方の方法2に従って溶出媒体(0.01NのHCl、500mL)中で50rpmでの回転ブレード法により測定した場合に、1時間で60%から80%の間、2時間で70%から90%の間の溶出を伴う、請求項1に記載の単位剤形。
- 50mgから200mgの間の、好ましくは100mgの、請求項1又は2に記載の単位剤形。
- 前記IR層中の希釈剤は、ラクトース、無水ラクトース、噴霧乾燥ラクトース、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、無水硫酸カルシウム、乳酸カルシウム三水和物、第一硫酸カルシウム一水和物、炭酸カルシウム、第三リン酸カルシウム、第二リン酸カルシウム、可圧縮糖、デキストレート、デキストリン、デキストロース、リン酸カルシウム、カオリン、炭酸マグネシウム、酸化マグネシウム、マルトデキストリン、マンニトール、粉末セルロース、デンプン、化工デンプン、デンプン加水分解物、アルファー化デンプン、微結晶性セルロース、粉末セルロース、セルロース及びセルロース誘導体、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース及びスクロースからなる群において選択され、好ましくは、ラクトース、無水ラクトース、噴霧乾燥ラクトース、微結晶性セルロース、粉末セルロース、セルロース及びセルロース誘導体からなる群において選択される、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の単位剤形。
- 前記SR層中の持続放出性のpH非依存性の水不溶性ポリマーは、セルロースポリマー、アリルスクロース又はペンタエリトリトールのアリルエーテルのいずれかと架橋されたアクリル酸の高分子量ポリマー(カルボポール、カルボマー)、メタクリル酸の部類からのポリマー、ポリビニルアルコール誘導体、乳酸及びグリコール酸のポリマー(PLGA)、デンプン、ワックス類、ポリ酢酸ビニル誘導体、ポリビニルピロリドン誘導体及びそれらの混合物からなる群において選択され、好ましくは、セルロースポリマー及びアリルスクロース又はペンタエリトリトールのアリルエーテルのいずれかと架橋されたアクリル酸の高分子量ポリマー(カルボポール、カルボマー)からなる群において選択される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の単位剤形。
- 各層中に滑沢剤を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の単位剤形。
- in vivoで得られる定常状態のマジンドール血漿濃度を、少なくとも12時間にわたりCmax(ss)値の40%を上回る、好ましくはCmax(ss)値の60%を上回る縮小した変動を伴って維持する、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の単位剤形。
- 以下の工程:
(a)前記IR層の賦形剤の混合物を調製する工程と、
(a’)前記SR層の賦形剤の混合物を調製する工程と、
(b)工程(a)のIR混合物及び工程(a’)のSR混合物を、多層打錠機、好ましく
は2層打錠機中に加える工程と、
を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の単位剤形の製造方法。 - 経口経路を介して1日1回の反復で投与される医薬製品として使用するための、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の単位剤形。
- 注意欠陥障害(ADD)又は注意欠陥/多動性障害(ADHD)又は関連の機敏性欠陥(すなわち、抑制不能の眠気)又は注意力の低下(すなわち、日中の傾眠)又は過度の日中の眠気(例えば、睡眠発作、突発性過眠症)の、特に小児、青年、及び成人における治療に使用するための、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の単位剤形。
- 同時の使用、別個の使用、又は逐次の使用のための組合せ物として、鉄と組み合わせて、特に小児、青年、及び成人における、特に注意欠陥障害(ADD)又は注意欠陥/多動性障害(ADHD)又は関連の機敏性欠陥(すなわち、抑制不能の眠気)又は注意力の低下(すなわち、日中の傾眠)又は過度の日中の眠気(例えば、睡眠発作、突発性過眠症)の治療のために使用される、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の単位剤形。
- 同時の使用、別個の使用、又は逐次の使用のための組合せ物として、精神刺激薬と組み合わせて、特に小児、青年、及び成人における、特に注意欠陥障害(ADD)又は注意欠陥/多動性障害(ADHD)又は関連の機敏性欠陥(すなわち、抑制不能の眠気)又は注意力の低下(すなわち、日中の傾眠)又は過度の日中の眠気(例えば、睡眠発作、突発性過眠症)の治療のために使用される、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の単位剤形。
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