JP2022119897A - ポリグルタミン病の治療 - Google Patents
ポリグルタミン病の治療 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
質細胞(QPSC)集団である。
I.動物モデル試験
材料および方法
動物および実験計画。
MJD84.2(B6;CBA-Tg(ATXN3*)84.2Cce/IbezJ)マウスを、ヒトの脊髄小脳失調3型としても知られるマチャド・ジョセフ病(MJD/SCA3)の疾患モデルとした。20~34週齢のMJD84.2マウスを実験対象とした。これらのマウスに対して、modified-SHIRPA、フットプリント分析、および、ロータロッド試験を含む行動解析を行った。21、23、および、25週齢のマウスには、3回の被験物質の注射を2週間ごとに行った。実験計画の概要は以下のとおりである。
13匹のSCA3 Tg/0マウス(B6;CBA-Tg(ATXN3*)84.2Cce/IbezJ)、および、8匹のC57BL/6 0/0野生型マウスは、すべてジャクソン研究所から得た。マウスを無作為に4つの実験群、(1)SCA3+細胞、(2)SCA3+リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)、(3)野生型(Wt)+細胞、(4)Wt+PBSに分けた。SCA3 Tg/0マウスに著しい疾病表現型を認めた後、3回の被験物質の注射を2週間ごとに行った。実験計画の概要は以下のとおりである。
本実験のQPSCは、ステミネント社(Steminent Biotherapeutics Inc.)により製造された細胞製品であるヒトADSC(ステムカイマル(登録商標))である。PIC/SのGMPガイドラインに従い構築された細胞工場において、ADSCを体外培養拡張し、ステミネント社の標準作業手順によって品質管理を行った。手短に説明すると、健康なドナーから脂肪組織を採取し、低温(0~5℃)に保たれたステミネント社の処理施設に直ちに移動させた。ADSCを単離し、精製した後、培養拡張の間は、ステミネント社の培地で維持した。継代12代のADSCは、CD273、CD46、CD55、および、CXCR4を高度に発現したQPSCとなり、凍結保存用バックに詰められた。製品(ステムカイマル(登録商標))は、品質証明および凍結保存のために送られた。ステムカイマル(登録商標)の品質管理は、工程内管理、および、製品リリーステストからなる。品質管理は、これらに限定されないが、生死判別試験、無菌性試験、マイコプラズマ試験、内毒検査、MSC表現型タイピング(CD73、CD90、および、CD105に対して陽性、CD34、CD45、CD11b、CD19、および、HLA-DRに対して陰性)、および、3系統分化能(骨、軟骨、脂質生成分化)を含む。
・運動機能がほとんど低下していないマウスを用いた検査
2.5×107細胞/体重(kg)のステムカイマル(登録商標)を解凍し、準備して1mlのインスリンシリンジ(29 1/2G)に充填した。解凍から1時間以内に細胞をゆっくり(15~20秒間)注射した。
マウスを無作為に4つの実験群、(1)SCA3+細胞、(2)SCA3+PBS、(3)野生型(Wt)+細胞、(4)Wt+PBSに分けた。第1群および第3群のマウスそれぞれに2.5×107細胞/体重(kg)のステムカイマル(登録商標)を静脈注射した。総量125ulの細胞懸濁液(クライオソリューション(Biolife)、または、PBS(Gibco)中で1:1)を各マウスに投与した。
最後の被験物質の注射の1か月後にマウスを死亡させた。マウスの体重および落下するまでの滞在時間を全実験分記録した。被験物質の注射後、マウスの歩行能力について足跡の分析も行った。さらなる病理組織学的分析、および、生物学的分布検査のために、マウスの組織(皮質、小脳、心臓、腎臓、肝臓、脾臓、肺、および、尾)を採取した。
データは、平均値±標準誤差として示されている。ロータロッド試験、および、フットプリント分析の結果をスチューデントのt検定(有意しきい値p<0.05)を用いて解析した。
運動協調性、および、バランスをロータロッド装置(MK-670、室町機械株式会社、日本)で評価した。5分間で40rpmまで加速する一定速度(4rpm)のロータロッド装置にマウスを配置した。落下するまで、または、回り切るまでの(完全に回り切るまでロッドにしがみついている)時間を記録した。各試験でマウスに3回トライアルさせ、トライアル間の休憩時間は15分とした。各試験での各マウスの平均滞在時間を計算した。スチューデントのt検定を用いて試験の結果を統計的に解析した。
20、24、および、28週齢のマウスに対してModified SHIRPAテストを行った。SHIRPAプロトコルは、理研バイオリソース研究センターのModified SHIRPAプロトコルを修正したものである。テスト項目、および、採点基準を以下の表3に示す。
最後の細胞投与後、マウスの足跡を約1か月間解析した。2015年1月に出版された刊行物によると、マウスの足をインクに浸した(前足を赤インク、後足を緑のインク)。その結果、マウスは、通路に沿って、ゴールの箱まで歩くまたは走りながら足跡を残した。トンネルの前で、マウスを1枚の紙(長さ50cm、幅10cm)の上に置いた。歩幅、揺れ、ステップ長、および、前足と後足の重なりによって歩き方がわかる(以下の図を参照)。すべてのマウスを3回走らせた後に死亡させた。
・CD3+T細胞単離
ヒストパック1077(シグマアルドリッチ)を用いて密度勾配遠心分離することによって、健康なドナーのヘパリン化全血からヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)を単離した。その後、抗ヒトCD3抗体結合磁気粒子(BDバイオサイエンス)を製造業者の説明書どおりに用いて、PBMCからの正の選択によってCD3+Tリンパ球を精製した。
精製されたヒトCD3+T細胞(1×105細胞)を、96ウェルプレートにおいて、プレートに結合した抗CD3(2μg/ml)、および、抗CD28(2μg/ml)モノクローナル抗体(BDバイオサイエンス)で刺激し、10%ウシ胎児血清(FBS)、2mMl-グルタミン、100U/mlペニシリン、100U/mlストレプトマイシン、および、25mM HEPESを含有するRPMI-1640培地(Gibco)において、異なる数のADSCと共培養した。48時間後、各ウェルに5-ブロモ-2-デオキシウリジン(BrdU)を添加し、T細胞増殖を測定するために、さらに18時間、プレートをインキュベートした。BrdU細胞増殖ELISAキット(Roche)を製造業者の説明書どおりに用いて、T細胞に含まれるBrdUの量を測定した。
QPSCの神経保護効果を評価すべく、C57BL/6J SCA2トランスジェニックマウスの尾静脈から(IV hMSC-Tg群)または、大後頭孔を介して小脳位置に(IC hMSC-Tg群)QPSCを注射した。ヒトβ2ミクログロブリン(Abcam、コード:ab15976)と反応した特定の抗体を選び、マウス脳の組織におけるヒト細胞を細胞組織染色によって示した。マウス切片(4μm)を顕微鏡スライドに載置した。切片を、キシレン、100%エタノール、95%エタノール、および、80%エタノールにおいて5分間隔で2回すすぐことによって再水和した。脱パラフィン後、切片を、ペルオキシダーゼの不活性化のために3%H2O2で処理し、抗原回復のために10mMクエン酸塩緩衝液(0.05%のTween20と共に)で加熱し、1%ブロッキング溶液(1%BSAおよび0.1%トリトンX-100)でブロッキングした(Chang等、Journal of Biomedical Science2011、18:54、http://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/18/1/54、9PBSの3ページ)。切片を、ブロッキング溶液で希釈した(1:400)特定の抗-ヒトβ2ミクログロブリンポリクローナル抗体(Abcam)と共に室温で40分間インキュベートした。PBSで3回よく洗浄した後、切片をブロッキング溶液で希釈した(1:1000)二次抗体と共に室温で40分間インキュベートした。EnVision検出システム(DAKO)を用いて一次抗体を検出し、ジアミノベンジジン(DAB;DAKO)で視覚化した。対比染色剤である水溶性ヘマトキシリン(シグマアルドリッチ)で着色した。直接比較のため、すべてのスライドを単一のバッチで処理してばらつきを最小限に抑えた。
・動物
C57BL/6マウスに、1/2ccのインスリンシリンジ、および、30G×3/8’’の注射針(Terumo、または、BDバイオサイエンス)を用いて3用量のQPSCを静脈注射した。注射の前に、尾静脈を拡張させるため、ケージの下に置いた加温パッドにて15分~20分間マウスを温めた。死体解剖の前に、すべての動物をウレタン(2g/体重(kg)、シグマアルドリッチ)で麻酔し、下顎下静脈から、または、心穿刺によって血液を採取した。
血液分析のため、血液サンプル全体を、EDTA入り採血管(BDバイオサイエンス、カタログ番号365974)に集めた。血液化学分析のため、血液サンプル全体を、血清分離剤入り採血管(BDバイオサイエンス、カタログ番号365967)に集めた。続いて、採血管を室温で20分立てておき、4℃で5分間、6000rpmの遠心分離にかけて血清を分離した。
採血後、マウスの臓器を採取し、それぞれを2つの部分に分割した。
(1)臓器の半分を-80℃のフリーザーで保存し、その後、生物学的分布検査のために液体窒素容器に移して保存した。
(2)他の半分を固定し(4%パラホルムアルデヒド、シグマアルドリッチ)、組織病理学的分析のためにパラフィン包埋した。
トータルRNAミニプレップ精製キット(GMバイオラボ カタログ番号TR01)を製造業者の説明書どおりに用いて、QPSCまたはマウス組織から全RNAを抽出した。その後、cDNA合成のために2ステップMMLV RT-PCRキット(GMバイオラボ カタログ番号RP012-M)を用いた。選択された遺伝子の相対的発現分析のための定量PCRを、Fast SYBR(登録商標)Green Master Mix(Thermo カタログ番号4385612)を用いて行った。
QPSCのEGF、FGF-b、VEGF、PDGF、および、TGF-b1の細胞内および分泌濃度を測定すべく、細胞溶解物、および、馴化培地を以下のように準備した。
ヒトアストロサイト細胞株であるSVG p12を1250uMの1-メチル-4-フェニルピリジン(MPP+)で処理し、異なる比率でQPSCと共培養した(SVG p12:QPSC=1:0.1~1:10)。24時間後、SVG p12の細胞数を数えた。
QPSCは、SCA3マウスの表現型を変化させた。図1に示すように、SCA3マウスの首の付け根は、野生型マウスよりわずかに太く、QPSCでの治療後は、SCA3マウスの外見は、野生型マウスと同じように見える。modified SHIRPA(図4および図5)、フットプリント分析(図6および図7)、および、ロータロッド試験(図5の(C))などのさまざまな機能テストにおいても同様の改善結果が観察された。
QPSCは、疾患が進行中のSCA3マウスの体重減少を阻止したが(図3)、3用量のQPSC(3回のQPSC投与)は、個々のSCA3マウスの完全な血球数(全血球数)(表4)、または、血液生化学(表5)のプロファイルには影響を及ぼさなかった。表4および表5は、QPSCを1週間ごとに3用量投与した25~30週齢の野生型マウスの完全な血球数/血液生化学プロファイルは、食塩水を1週間ごとに3用量投与したものと何ら違いはないことを示している。組織病理学的分析は、3用量のQPSCを注射後の、さまざまな重要臓器組織における正常所見を示した(図2)。
ポリグルタミン媒介性疾患(脊髄小脳失調症、マチャド・ジョセフ病、ハンチントン病、DRPLA、および、SMAX1/SBMAなど)を治療するために、無作為二重盲式プラセボ対照試験設計を用いて、ステムカイマル(登録商標)注射の治療効果および安全性を検査した。適格な被検体にステムカイマル(登録商標)を静脈注射する。
Claims (16)
- 被検体のポリグルタミン病を治療する方法であって、
前記被検体に、単位用量としての有効量の幹細胞を非経口または局所投与することを含み、
前記投与は、1以上の治療サイクルで行われ、
1つの治療サイクルは、2~6週間の投与間隔で、それぞれ3単位用量を投与することを含む、方法。 - 前記ポリグルタミン病は、脊髄小脳失調症(SCA)、マチャド・ジョセフ病(MJD/SCA3)、ハンチントン病(HD)、歯状核赤核淡蒼球ルイ体萎縮症(DRPLA)、または、X連鎖球脊髄性筋萎縮症(SMAX1/SBMA)を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記SCAは、SCA1、SCA2、SCA3、SCA6、SCA7、または、SCA17である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記SCAは、SCA2、SCA3、または、SCA6である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記SCAは、SCA3である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞は、間葉系幹細胞(MSC)集団、脂肪組織由来幹細胞(ADSC)集団、眼窩脂肪由来幹細胞(OFSC)集団、または、四重陽性間質細胞(QPSC)集団である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記QPSC集団は、少なくとも70%の細胞均一性を有し、CD273、CD46、CD55、および、CXCR4の細胞マーカを発現するが、CD45の細胞マーカは発現せず、
CD273は、70%を上回る強度で積極的に発現する、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記ADSCは、少なくともCD90、CD105、CD29、CD44、CD49b、CD49e、CD58、および、HLA-ABCは発現するが、CD133、CD31、CD106、CD146、CD45、CD14、CD117は発現しないOFSC集団である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記非経口投与は、筋肉内、静脈内、動脈内、または、皮下投与を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記非経口投与は、静脈内投与を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記局所投与は、脳内または頭蓋内投与を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記局所投与は、頭蓋内投与を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記単位用量は、0.5×105~5×1010細胞/体重(kg)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 初回の治療サイクルの後、前記被検体の総SARAスコアが1か月間で5を上回れば、次の治療サイクルが実行される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与間隔は、隔週である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞は、1つ以上の追加の治療薬と共に、または、他の治療的介入と組み合わせて、同時に、または、いかなる順序で連続して投与されることができる、請求項1に記載の方法。
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- 2017-05-26 CN CN201780091297.9A patent/CN110799200A/zh active Pending
- 2017-05-26 KR KR1020197037371A patent/KR20200001598A/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2017-05-26 WO PCT/US2017/034831 patent/WO2018217216A2/en unknown
- 2017-05-26 EP EP17911016.8A patent/EP3630133A4/en active Pending
- 2017-05-26 US US16/617,241 patent/US11547730B2/en active Active
- 2017-05-26 JP JP2020516372A patent/JP7406251B2/ja active Active
- 2017-05-26 KR KR1020237007526A patent/KR20230035710A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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2022
- 2022-05-26 JP JP2022085859A patent/JP7462974B2/ja active Active
- 2022-09-30 US US17/957,598 patent/US12042516B2/en active Active
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2024
- 2024-03-19 JP JP2024043399A patent/JP2024073609A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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CELL TRANSPLANTATION, vol. 26, JPN6021021096, 2017, pages 503 - 512, ISSN: 0005064874 * |
CURRENT NEUROVASCULAR RESEARCH, vol. 10, JPN6021021094, 2013, pages 11 - 20, ISSN: 0005064875 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP7406251B2 (ja) | 2017-05-26 | 2023-12-27 | ステミネント バイオセラピューティクス インコーポレイテッド | ポリグルタミン病治療用組成物 |
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US20210260127A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
US11547730B2 (en) | 2023-01-10 |
JP7406251B2 (ja) | 2023-12-27 |
EP3630133A2 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
JP7462974B2 (ja) | 2024-04-08 |
JP2020521815A (ja) | 2020-07-27 |
US20230101357A1 (en) | 2023-03-30 |
US12042516B2 (en) | 2024-07-23 |
KR20200001598A (ko) | 2020-01-06 |
EP3630133A4 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
JP2024073609A (ja) | 2024-05-29 |
CN110799200A (zh) | 2020-02-14 |
WO2018217216A2 (en) | 2018-11-29 |
KR20230035710A (ko) | 2023-03-14 |
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