JP2022070975A - 半導体積層体及び結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜 - Google Patents
半導体積層体及び結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022070975A JP2022070975A JP2022021858A JP2022021858A JP2022070975A JP 2022070975 A JP2022070975 A JP 2022070975A JP 2022021858 A JP2022021858 A JP 2022021858A JP 2022021858 A JP2022021858 A JP 2022021858A JP 2022070975 A JP2022070975 A JP 2022070975A
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- metal oxide
- oxide semiconductor
- semiconductor film
- crystalline metal
- buffer
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 220
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 134
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 5
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001505 atmospheric-pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 renium oxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZVYYAYJIGYODSD-LNTINUHCSA-K (z)-4-bis[[(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-yl]oxy]gallanyloxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Ga+3].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O ZVYYAYJIGYODSD-LNTINUHCSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XBIUWALDKXACEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[bis(2,4-dioxopentan-3-yl)alumanyl]pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)[Al](C(C(C)=O)C(C)=O)C(C(C)=O)C(C)=O XBIUWALDKXACEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GRPQBOKWXNIQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(3+) oxygen(2-) tin(4+) Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-2].[In+3] GRPQBOKWXNIQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/40—Oxides
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/448—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials
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Abstract
Description
図1、図2はそれぞれ、本発明に係る半導体積層体の構造の一形態を示す図である。本発明に係る結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜を有する半導体積層体(以下、単に「半導体積層体」と呼称する場合もある)100、200は、基本的に、基体101、201と、バッファ層112、212と、結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜103、203とを含み、基体101、201の主表面の上に形成されたバッファ層112、212と、さらにその上に形成された結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜103、203で構成されている。
基体101、201は、結晶物を主成分として含んでいれば特に限定されず、公知の基板であってよい。絶縁体であってもよいし、導電体であってもよいし、半導体であってもよいし、単結晶であってもよいし、多結晶であっても良い。また、基体に含まれる金属元素のうち、最も多く含まれる主成分金属元素がアルミニウムである基体を用いることが好ましい。なかでも、品質およびコストの面から、サファイアウェハを用いるのが好ましい。
バッファ層112、212は、図1のように基体101上へ直接形成されても良いし、別の層を介して形成されても良い。別の層として、例えば、結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜を基体から分離するための剥離層を導入する場合などでは、図2のように剥離層204上へ形成されていてもよい。
バッファ層112、212は、それぞれ組成の異なる複数のバッファ膜102a、102b、102c、202a、202b、202cの積層構造体となっている。バッファ膜はそれぞれが異なる組成を有するものとする。より好ましくは、後述する結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜103、203に含まれる金属元素のうち、最も多く含まれる主成分金属元素、または、バッファ層112、212の下地に含まれる金属元素のうち、最も多く含まれる主成分金属元素を含んでいるのが良い。もちろん、結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜103、203の主成分金属元素とバッファ層112、212の下地の主成分金属元素の両方を含んでいても良い。ここで、バッファ層112、212の下地の主成分金属元素とは、図1の形態では基体101の主成分金属元素を、また図2の形態では剥離層204の主成分金属元素を指す。
結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜103、203の主成分は、コランダム構造を取る結晶性金属酸化物であれば特に限定されず、例えば、アルミニウム、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、鉄、ガリウム、ロジウム、インジウム、イリジウムのいずれかを含む結晶性金属酸化物を主成分とすることができる。結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜103、203に含まれる金属元素のうち、最も多く含まれる主成分金属元素はガリウムであることがより好ましい。具体的には、Al2O3、Ti2O3、V2O3、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、Ga2O3、Rh2O3、In2O3、Ir2O3であり、本発明においては特にGa2O3であるのが好ましい。Ga2O3は、バンドギャップが大きく、様々な半導体素子としての応用が期待できるからである。また上記の金属元素から選ばれる2元素をA、Bとした場合に(AxB1-x)2O3(0<x<1)で表される2元系の金属酸化物や、あるいは、上記の金属元素から選ばれる3元素をA、B、Cとした場合に(AxByC1-x-y)2O3(0<x<1、0<y<1)で表される3元系の金属酸化物とすることもできる。
また、上記したような、本発明に係る半導体積層体を用い、半導体積層体における、少なくともバッファ層と結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜を有する半導体素子を提供することができる。このような半導体素子は、基体を含むものであっても、基体が除去されたものであっても良い。本発明に係る半導体素子は、結晶欠陥の導入が低減され、さらにクラックや反りが抑制された、高品質な結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜を用いるものであり、高品質な半導体素子である。半導体素子の応用例(具体例)については、後で詳しく説明する。
本発明に係る半導体積層体の製造方法は特に限定されない。結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜の種類や、適用する半導体素子に応じて、基体、バッファ層を適宜選択し、基体上に成膜を行うことで、半導体積層体を得ることができる。成膜方法は特に限定されず、プラズマCVD、LPCVD(減圧CVD)、APCVD(大気圧CVD)、ミストCVD、HVPE、スパッタ、イオンプレーティングなど公知の幅広い手法により実現できる。
また、基体の主表面の上に、直接又は別の層を介してバッファ層を形成する。バッファ層は、それぞれ異なる組成を有するとともに200nm以上650nm以下の厚さのバッファ膜を2層以上含むように製膜することにより、形成する。バッファ層を構成する複数層のバッファ膜のすべてを、厚さ200nm以上650nm以下として製膜することが好ましい。このバッファ層の上に、コランダム構造を有する結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜を形成し、本発明に係る半導体積層体を得る。その後に、さらに、結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜の上に電極を形成することで、半導体素子を製造する。このとき、基体と、バッファ層と、結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜を含む半導体積層体をそのまま用いることもできるし、基体を除去してバッファ層と結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜を残したり、基体とバッファ層を除去して、結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜のみを残したりしてもよい。このようにして、結晶欠陥の導入が低減され、さらにクラックや反りが抑制された高品質な結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜を用いた、高性能な半導体素子を製造することができる。
上記のような結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜を有する半導体積層体は、欠陥密度が低減され、電気特性に優れており、工業的に有用なものである。このような結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜を有する半導体積層体は、様々な半導体素子等に好適に用いることができ、とりわけ、パワーデバイスに有用である。
ミストCVD装置を用いて、以下のように半導体積層体を作製した。2台の噴霧器(噴霧器A、噴霧器B)と石英製の管状反応炉を用意し、両噴霧器を石英管で接続し、さらにそこから石英管を枝出しして反応器と接続した。
各バッファ膜の膜厚を200nm(実施例2)、650nm(実施例3)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様に半導体積層体を作製した。作製した半導体膜は、X線回折測定により、α-Ga2O3であることが確認された。この後、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。
各バッファ膜の膜厚を150nm(比較例1)、700nm(比較例2)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様に半導体積層体を作製した。作製した半導体膜は、X線回折測定により、α-Ga2O3であることが確認された。この後、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。
1層目と2層目のバッファ膜の膜厚を150nmとしたこと以外は実施例1と同様に半導体積層体を作製した。作製した半導体膜は、X線回折測定により、α-Ga2O3であることが確認された。この後、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。
1層目、2層目および3層目のバッファ膜の膜厚を150nmとしたこと以外は実施例1と同様に半導体積層体を作製した。作製した半導体膜は、X線回折測定により、α-Ga2O3であることが確認された。この後、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。
101、201…基体、
102a、102b、102c、202a、202b、202c…バッファ膜、
103、203…結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜、 112、212…バッファ層、
204…剥離層、
300…ショットキーバリアダイオード(SBD)、
301a…n-型半導体層、 301b…n+型半導体層、
302…ショットキー電極、 303…オーミック電極、
400…高電子移動度トランジスタ(HEMT)、
401…バンドギャップの広いn型半導体層、
402…バンドギャップの狭いn型半導体層、
403…n+型半導体層、 404…半絶縁体層、 405…緩衝層、
406…ゲート電極、 407…ソース電極、 408…ドレイン電極、
500…金属半導体電界効果トランジスタ(MESFET)、
501…n-型半導体層、 502、503…n+型半導体層、
504…ゲート絶縁膜、 505…ゲート電極、
506…ソース電極、 507…ドレイン電極、
600…絶縁ゲート型バイポーラトランジスタ(IGBT)、
601…n型半導体層、 602…n-型半導体層、
603…n+型半導体層、 604…p型半導体層、
605…ゲート絶縁膜、 606…ゲート電極、
607…エミッタ電極、 608…コレクタ電極、
700…発光ダイオード(LED)、
701…第1の電極、 702…n型半導体層、 703…発光層、
704…p型半導体層、 705…透光性電極、 706…第2の電極。
Claims (3)
- 少なくとも、バッファ層と、少なくとも1種の金属元素を含みコランダム構造を有する結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜とを含み、
前記バッファ層の上に前記結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜を有する半導体積層体であって、
前記結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜は単結晶膜であり、
前記バッファ層は、組成がそれぞれ異なる複数のバッファ膜の積層構造体であり、
前記複数のバッファ膜のうちの少なくとも2層のバッファ膜の膜厚が、200nm以上650nm以下であり、
前記バッファ膜は、前記結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜に含まれる金属元素のうち、最も多く含まれる主成分金属元素を含み、
前記バッファ層は、該バッファ層の前記結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜とは反対側から前記結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜側に向かうにつれて、前記結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜の前記主成分金属元素の組成比が大きくなるように前記複数のバッファ膜が積層した積層構造体であることを特徴とする半導体積層体。 - 少なくとも、バッファ層と、少なくとも1種の金属元素を含みコランダム構造を有する結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜とを含み、
前記バッファ層の上に前記結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜を有する半導体積層体であって、
前記結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜は単結晶膜であり、
前記バッファ層は、組成がそれぞれ異なる複数のバッファ膜の積層構造体であり、
前記複数のバッファ膜の膜厚は、すべて200nm以上650nm以下であり、
前記バッファ膜は、前記結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜に含まれる金属元素のうち、最も多く含まれる主成分金属元素を含み、
前記バッファ層は、該バッファ層の前記結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜とは反対側から前記結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜側に向かうにつれて、前記結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜の前記主成分金属元素の組成比が大きくなるように前記複数のバッファ膜が積層した積層構造体であることを特徴とする半導体積層体。 - 少なくとも1種の金属元素を含みコランダム構造を有する結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜であって、
光学顕微鏡明視野で観察される1mm長以上の直線状欠陥であるクラックが存在せず、転位密度が3×1010cm-2未満の単結晶膜であることを特徴とする結晶性金属酸化物半導体膜。
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