JP2022033796A - 医療前兆イベント予測のためのシステムおよび当該システムを備える外部医療機器 - Google Patents
医療前兆イベント予測のためのシステムおよび当該システムを備える外部医療機器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
上記増大リスク閾値を超える上記第1のリスクスコア又は上記第2のリスクスコアに基づき、増大リスクとして、上記対象者の上記可能性のある心不整脈イベントの上記リスクを分類する段階と、
上記即時リスク閾値を超える上記第1のリスクスコア又は上記第2のリスクスコアに基づき、即時リスクとして、上記対象者の上記可能性のある心不整脈イベントの上記リスクを分類する段階とを含む、項目169に記載の方法。
i)適切なショック(1=はい、0=いいえ)、
ii)心停止(1=はい、0=いいえ)、及び
iii)駆出率(EF)の改善(例えば、35%を超える)(1=はい、0=いいえ)。
○性別:男性(1)(女性(0)よりかは)
○年齢56-概してより高いリスク範囲
○急性心筋梗塞(MI)診断(代替的に、追加の患者メトリック及び/又は時系列の測定が、うっ血性心不全患者(心不全を患うMIなど)の予期を改善し得る。)
○例えば、35%未満の駆出率(EF)(例えば、実際のEF値が25%)
○例えば、糖尿病、腎不全、喫煙などの他の罹患
1)心拍数メトリック、
2)心拍数変動(時間領域)メトリック、
3)非持続VTエピソードカウントメトリック、及び
4)PVCカウントメトリック
1)QRS幅メトリック、
2)QRS高さメトリック、
3)シングルリードQRSモルホロジメトリック(例えば、正規テンプレートに対する類似度スコア)、及び
4)デュアルリードQRSモルホロジメトリック(例えば、ベクトル心電図を説明する記述子)
1)QT変動メトリック、
2)ST下降/高さ、傾きメトリック、
3)T波交代性メトリック、
4)T波変動メトリック、及び
5)デュアルリードT波モルホロジ(例えば、コサインRT)メトリック
イベント予測用リスクスコアは、医療従事者に、おそらく約1時間以内に発生する可能性のある有害な心臓又は医療イベントに対して注意を促すために用いられ得る。例えば、対象者が病院の環境にいる場合、装着型医療機器100は、心疾患専門医又は他の医療従事者に、対象者をチェックするよう通知するべく、警告をトリガし得る。対象者が病院の環境の外側にいる場合、装着型医療機器100は、医療従事者が対象者を追跡調査することを可能にするべく、対象者のECGを心疾患専門医又は他の医療従事者に送信し得る。メッセージは、他の管理人に、有害心臓イベントの可能性に対して注意を促すよう、送られ得る。
イベント予測用リスクスコアは、対象者及び/又は医療従事者に、おそらく約3時間以内に発生する可能性のある有害心臓イベントに対して注意を促すために用いられ得る。イベント予測用リスクスコアが有害心臓イベントがおそらく約3時間以内に発生することを示す場合、装着型医療機器100は、医療的に必要となった場合に除細動を提供するよう、バッテリが適切な充電されることを確実にする行動を実行し得る。例えば、心臓イベント予測用リスクスコアがチャージ閾値を満足した場合、装着型医療機器は、バッテリの状態をチェックし得、バッテリがその充電の予め決められたパーセンテージより少ない場合、装着型医療機器は、対象者がバッテリを換えることを示唆し得る。しかしながら、有害心臓イベントがごく近い将来に発生するであろう可能性がある場合、対象者にバッテリを換えさせる勧告はされない。従って、第1期間に対する心臓イベント予測用リスクスコアが第1の閾値を満足しておらず(例えば、期間以内の有害心臓イベントの可能性が低い)、かつ、後の時間の第2期間に対する心臓イベント予測用リスクスコアが、第2の閾値を満足した(例えば、後の時間における有害心臓イベントの可能性が適度又は高い)場合、装着型医療機器は、バッテリを換えるよう示唆し得る。2つの期間からの心臓イベント予測用リスクスコアを閾値と比較することによって、対象者は、有害心臓イベントがおそらく発生する時間中にバッテリを換えるリスクを低減する。
心臓イベント予測用リスクスコアは、医療従事者に、おそらく約1日から約3日以内に発生する可能性のある有害心臓イベントに対して注意を促すために用いられ得る。医療イベントは、癲癇発作を含み得、病院関係者は、特に麻酔された癲癇対象者に対して、発作の前に警告され得る。イベントが装着型医療機器100により予期され、対象者が、低減された治療オプション有する、又は医療オプションなしの装着型除細動器を利用している場合、3日の警告は、より多くのロバスト治療機能を有する自プラットフォームの自動出荷をトリガするために用いられ得る。代替的に、装着型医療機器100は、従来の除細動器又は他の生理的モニタリング機器を含み得、対象者のリスクまでの時間プロフィールをトリアージ及び判定するべく、入院時に用いられ得、試験の結果として、階段式治療応答が提供され得る。例えば、病院滞在の期間において、通常、約1日から3日間、リスクが、+/-10%のより良好の確度を有し、可能性のある心停止が50%より高い場合、対象者は、彼又は彼女自身が病院に滞在する間中に、ゾールメディカル社により製造されるLifeVest(商標)型の装着型除細動器などの装着型除細動器を装着するよう要求され得る。リスクが約15%から約50%までの範囲にある場合、対象者は、対象者が心停止に見舞われる場合に対象者を処置するための除細動器を組み込んでいない装着型モニタを装着するよう要求され得る。リスクが15%未満である場合、対象者は単に、看護スタッフにより、例えば、1時間の間隔など、一定間隔でモニタリングされ得る。装着型モニタ及び看護スタッフによる間欠的モニタリングにおける比較的急性ではない場合のそれぞれに対して、医療前兆イベント予測及び検出は、進行中のベースで実行され得、対象者が病院滞在中に、彼又は彼女自身のリスクのレベル及び確度が増加する場合、対象者は、装着型モニタから組み合わせ装着型モニタリング除細動器へと切り替えられ得、又は、看護師モニタリングから複数の装着型機器のうちの1つに切り換えられ得る。対象者のリスクまでの時間プロフィールをトリアージすることに基づき、対象者には、より適切な急性レベルの病棟への許可がされ得、又は、対象者は、より低い急性病棟移動され得る、又は(例えば、装着型除細動器により保護されながら)退院され得る。対象者が病院の環境の外側にいる場合、装着型医療機器100は、必要に応じて医療従事者が対象者の追跡調査することを可能にするべく、通信ネットワーク580を介し、対象者のECGを対象者の心疾患専門医又は他の医療従事者に送信し得る。
長期間に対するイベント予測用リスクスコアは、装着型医療機器の使用への応諾を増加するために用いられ得る。例えば、低い特異度又は低いイベント予測用リスクスコアを有したとしても、装着型医療機器100は、対象者に彼又は彼女自身の処置能力を含む装着型医療機器100の装着への応諾を改善するよう動機付けるるべく、対象に有害心臓イベントの可能性に関するフィードバックを提供し得る。
おそらく1ヶ月及び3ヶ月の時間枠、又は6ヶ月から1年の時間枠以内に発生するイベントを予期するために用いられるスコアなど、より長期間に対するイベント予測用リスクスコアは、長期処置をガイドするために用いられ得る。例えば、イベント予測用リスクスコアは、長期機器計画をガイドするために用いられ得る。イベント予測用リスクスコアは、イベント予測用リスクスコアの連続的な増加などのリスク傾向に基づき治療をガイドするために用いられ得る。長期のイベント予測用リスクスコアが増大し又は増加し続ける場合、薬物治療の投与、さらなる侵襲的試験、又は長引いた使用など、リスクを低減するリハビリテーション努力が、装着型医療機器100により勧告され得る。
Claims (41)
- 医療前兆イベント予測のためのシステムであって、前記システムは、
対象者の心臓の状態を示す生理的情報をモニタリングするよう構成される外部医療機器と、
1つ又は複数のプロセッサと通信し、記憶された命令を有する非一時的コンピュータ可読記憶媒体と、を備え、
前記命令は、前記1つ又は複数のプロセッサにより実行された場合、前記1つ又は複数のプロセッサに動作を実行させ、前記動作は、
第1の期間中に前記対象者から前記外部医療機器によって取得された前記生理的情報の第1のセットを前記外部医療機器から取得することと、
第2の期間中に前記対象者から前記外部医療機器によって取得された前記生理的情報の第2のセットを前記外部医療機器から取得することと、
1つ又は複数の機械学習分類器モデルに、前記第1の期間中に受信された前記生理的情報の第1のセットを適用することに基づき、第1の将来の期間内に発生する心不整脈イベントの確率を示す前記対象者の第1のリスクスコアを決定することであって、前記1つ又は複数の機械学習分類器モデルは、i)第1の複数の対象者の心臓電気生理的メトリック、及び、ii)前記第1の複数の対象者の人口統計又は病歴メトリックを含む訓練メトリックで訓練され、前記1つ又は複数の機械学習分類器モデルは、第2の複数の対象者の検証メトリックで検証され、前記1つ又は複数の機械学習分類器モデルの1つ又は複数の閾値は、前記検証に基づいて設定される、ことと、
前記1つ又は複数の機械学習分類器モデルに、前記第2の期間中に受信された前記生理的情報の第2のセットを適用することに基づき、前記対象者の可能性のある心不整脈イベントのリスクの推定に関連付けられ、第2の将来の期間内に発生する心不整脈イベントの確率を示す第2のリスクスコアを決定することと、
前記第1のリスクスコア及び前記第2のリスクスコアに基づく出力を提供することと
を含む、システム。 - 前記提供することは、前記第1のリスクスコア及び前記第2のリスクスコアを、時間変化系列のリスクスコアとして提供することを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記生理的情報の第1のセットは、前記対象者の第1のECG信号に少なくとも部分的に基づく、請求項1または2に記載のシステム。
- 前記外部医療機器は、装着型モニタ機器又は装着型除細動器を含む、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は複数のプロセッサは、前記1つ又は複数の閾値に基づき、前記第1のリスクスコア及び前記第2のリスクスコアを分類することを含む動作を実行する、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は複数のプロセッサは、前記第1のリスクスコア及び前記第2のリスクスコアの前記分類に基づき、前記外部医療機器のユーザインタフェースの1つ又は複数の機能又は特徴を変更することを含む動作を実行する、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は複数の閾値は、少なくとも増大リスク閾値及び即時リスク閾値を含み、
前記分類することは、前記第1のリスクスコア及び前記第2のリスクスコアのそれぞれに対し、
前記増大リスク閾値を超える前記第1のリスクスコア又は前記第2のリスクスコアに基づき、増大リスクとして、前記対象者の前記可能性のある心不整脈イベントの前記リスクを分類することと、
前記即時リスク閾値を超える前記第1のリスクスコア又は前記第2のリスクスコアに基づき、即時リスクとして、前記対象者の前記可能性のある心不整脈イベントの前記リスクを分類することと
を含む、請求項5または6に記載のシステム。 - 前記分類することは、前記時間変化系列のリスクスコアに基づき、前記対象者の前記可能性のある心不整脈イベントの前記リスクの時間変化分類を含む、請求項5から7の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記分類することは、前記対象者の前記可能性のある心不整脈イベントの前記リスクの基本的な前記分類における偽陽性を低減するべく、前記1つ又は複数の機械学習分類器モデルの基本的特異度を調整することを含む、請求項5から8の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記検証メトリックは、複数の、前記第2の複数の対象者の心臓電気生理的メトリック、人口統計メトリック、及び病歴メトリックのうちの1つ又は複数を含む、請求項1から9の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は複数のプロセッサは、
1)前記検証メトリックにおける1つ又は複数のメトリックを調整すること、及び、2)前記第2の複数の対象者に追加の1つ又は複数の対象者を付加することに基づき、前記検証メトリックを拡張することのうち少なくとも1つにより、前記検証メトリックを更新することと、
更新された前記検証メトリックに基づき、前記1つ又は複数の閾値を精密化することと
を含む動作を実行する、請求項1から10の何れか一項に記載のシステム。 - 前記1つ又は複数のプロセッサは、
1)前記訓練メトリックにおける1つ又は複数のメトリックを調整すること、及び、2)前記第1の複数の対象者に追加の1つ又は複数の対象者を付加することに基づき、前記訓練メトリックを拡張することのうち少なくとも1つにより、前記訓練メトリックを更新することと、
更新された前記訓練メトリックに基づき、前記1つ又は複数の機械学習分類器モデルを再訓練することと
を含む動作を実行する、請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載のシステム。 - 前記第2の複数の対象者の前記検証メトリックは、前記第1の複数の対象者の前記訓練メトリックから独立する、請求項1から12の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は複数の機械学習分類器モデルは、前記検証メトリックで検証され、前記検証メトリックは、前記検証メトリックのうち基本的な1つ又は複数における異所性拍動の存在又は不存在の兆候を含む、請求項1から13の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は複数のプロセッサは、
前記第1の期間中に受信されて前記対象者の第1のECG信号に少なくとも部分的に基づく前記対象者の前記生理的情報の第1のセットにおける正常拍動と異所性拍動とを区別すること
を含む動作を実行する、請求項1から14の何れか一項に記載のシステム。 - 前記訓練メトリック及び前記検証メトリックのうち少なくとも1つは、心拍数、心拍数変動、非持続性心室性頻脈(VT)エピソードカウント、及び心室性期外収縮(PVC)カウントのうち少なくとも1つに基づくメトリックを含む、請求項1から15の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記訓練メトリック及び前記検証メトリックのうち少なくとも1つは、心拍数変動に基づくメトリックを含み、前記メトリックは、正常間隔毎の経時的標準偏差を含む、請求項1から16の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記訓練メトリック及び前記検証メトリックのうち少なくとも1つは、QRS幅、QRS高さ、シングルリードQRSモルホロジ、及びデュアルリードQRSモルホロジのうち少なくとも1つに基づくメトリックを含む、請求項1から17の何れか一 項に記載のシステム。
- 前記訓練メトリック及び前記検証メトリックのうち少なくとも1つは、シングルリードQRSモルホロジに基づくメトリックを含み、前記メトリックは、左右(SS)及び前後(FB)チャンネルのそれぞれに対する類似度スコアの経時的平均を含む、請求項1から18の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記訓練メトリック及び前記検証メトリックのうち少なくとも1つは、QRS幅に基づくメトリックを含み、前記メトリックは、QRS群の推定幅の経時的標準偏差及び前記QRS群の推定幅の経時的平均のうち少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1から19の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記訓練メトリック及び前記検証メトリックのうち少なくとも1つは、QRS高さに基づくメトリックを含み、前記メトリックは、QRS群の推定高さの経時的標準偏差を含む、請求項1から20の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記訓練メトリック及び前記検証メトリックのうち少なくとも1つは、QT変動、ST下降、ST増大、及びST傾きのうち少なくとも1つ、T波交代性、T波変動、及びデュアルリードT波モルホロジのうち少なくとも1つに基づくメトリックを含む、請求項1から21の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記訓練メトリック及び前記検証メトリックのうち少なくとも1つは、心音メトリックを含む、請求項1から22の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記心音メトリックは、S3及びS4心音メトリックを含む、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 前記訓練メトリック及び前記検証メトリックのうち少なくとも1つは、心臓の後続の機械的活動において、心電図(ECG)における第1の予め決められた基準時点から、第2の予め決められた基準時点までの間隔を表現する電気機械的活性化時間メトリックを含む、請求項1から24の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記ECGにおける前記第1の予め決められた基準時点は、P波及びQRS群のオンセットを含み、前記P波及びQRS群の前記オンセットは、a)P波、b)Q波、c)R波、及びd)S波のうち少なくとも1つに関連する複数の時点を含む、請求項25に記載のシステム。
- 前記心臓の前記後続の機械的活動は、左心室壁運動を含む、請求項25又は26に記載のシステム。
- 前記心臓の前記後続の機械的活動における前記第2の予め決められた基準時点は、a)最大左心室壁運動の時点、及びb)前記左心室壁運動の弛緩の状態のうち少なくとも1つを含む、請求項27に記載のシステム。
- 前記心臓の前記後続の機械的活動における前記第2の予め決められ基準時点は、S1心音のピーク強度の時点を含む、請求項25から28の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記心臓の前記後続の機械的活動における前記第2の予め決められ基準時点は、前記心臓の超音波測定に基づく、請求項25から29の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記電気機械的活性化時間メトリックは、百分率の電気機械的活性化時間メトリックを含む、請求項25から30の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記分類することは、描かれた前記時間変化系列のリスクスコアの曲線より下のエリア、及び前記時間変化系列のリスクスコアの平均のうち少なくとも1つを計算することを含む、請求項5から9の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1のリスクスコア及び前記第2のリスクスコアは、前記第1のリスクスコア及び前記第2のリスクスコアが前記1つ又は複数の閾値を超える量に基づいて分類される、請求項1から32の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1のリスクスコア及び前記第2のリスクスコアは、前記時間変化系列のリスクスコアが前記1つ又は複数の閾値を超える回数に基づいて分類される、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は複数のプロセッサは、
前記第1のリスクスコア及び前記第2のリスクスコアの前記分類に基づき、前記対象者及び第3者のうち少なくとも一方に通知すること
を含む動作を実行する、請求項5から9の何れか一項に記載のシステム。 - 前記第1のリスクスコア及び前記第2のリスクスコアの前記分類は、増大リスク及び即時リスクのうち少なくとも1つを示す、請求項35に記載のシステム。
- 前記通知することは、前記対象者の医療チームの少なくとも1つのメンバーに通知を送信することを含む、請求項35又は36に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つ又は複数のプロセッサは、
前記第1のリスクスコア及び前記第2のリスクスコアの分類に基づき、心臓イベントの検出と、前記心臓イベントのための処置との間の時間間隔を調整すること
を含む動作を実行する請求項1から37の何れか一項に記載のシステム。 - 請求項1から38の何れか一項に記載の前記医療前兆イベント予測のためのシステムを備える外部医療機器であって、
前記外部医療機器は、前記対象者の心臓の状態をモニタリングする
外部医療機器。 - 前記外部医療機器は、装着型医療機器を備える請求項39に記載の外部医療機器。
- 前記1つ又は複数のプロセッサは、
前記第1のリスクスコア及び前記第2のリスクスコアの分類に基づき、前記外部医療機器のユーザインタフェースの1つ又は複数の機能又は特徴を変更することを含む動作を実行する、請求項39又は40に記載の外部医療機器。
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