JP2021535278A - 靭性及び腐食疲労特性が向上されたスプリング用線材、鋼線及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
靭性及び腐食疲労特性が向上されたスプリング用線材、鋼線及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
上述した合金組成を満足する本発明の線材の平均結晶粒サイズは、13.2μm以下であることが好ましい。
上記のような結晶粒サイズを有する線材は、上記言及した合金組成を制御すると同時に、後述する線材の圧延工程及び冷却工程を最適化することで得られる。
具体的に、本発明の他の一側面によるスプリング用線材の製造方法は、上述した合金組成を満足するビレットを製造するステップ、前記ビレットを800〜950℃で加熱するステップ、前記加熱されたビレットを700〜1,100℃で仕上げ圧延した後に巻取して線材を製造するステップ、及び前記線材を5℃/s以下の冷却速度で冷却するステップを含むことができる。
それのためには、前記ビレットを800〜950℃の温度範囲で加熱することが好ましい。もし前記加熱温度が800℃未満であると、圧延ロールの負荷が大きくなると同時に鋳造時に生成された粗大炭化物が全部溶解されないので、合金元素がオーステナイト内に均一に分布されず、一方、その温度が950℃を超過するようになると、ビレットの結晶粒が粗大に形成されて同一圧延条件で線材熱間圧延しても最終線材において目標とするレベルの結晶粒サイズを確保しにくくなる。
巻取後の冷却速度は、その範囲によって、フェライトの生成後にパーライト変態が完了しないままベイナイトやマルテンサイトのような硬組織が生成され得、また、脱炭がひどく発生し得るので、重要な因子である。
もし、冷却時に硬組織が生成されると、その後、適切な線径のスプリング用鋼線を得るために線材を引抜又は伸線する過程で素材が断線されるか引抜又は伸線が不可能になるからである。また、脱炭がひどく発生すると、表面部の硬度が低くなってスプリングの腐食疲労特性が低下する問題点がある。
このとき、820℃以下の温度範囲で冷却を開始することができる。冷却開始温度は、仕上げ熱間圧延後の温度を意味し、その温度が低いほど好ましい。冷却開始温度が820℃を超過する場合には、十分な変形エネルギーを供給できないので、結晶粒を微細化することが困難である。
その後、オーステナイト化ステップを経る。前記鋼線を850〜1,000℃の範囲の温度で熱処理する。このとき、熱処理維持時間は、1秒以上であることが好ましい。
引き継き、前記オーステナイト化ステップを経た鋼線を25〜80℃の範囲で焼き入れ、350〜500℃の範囲で熱処理(テンパリング)する。前記熱処理は、本発明が所望する機械的物性を確保するためのステップであって、靭性及び強度を確保するために必要である。
その後、線材を975℃で15分間加熱するオーステナイト化ステップを経た後、70℃の油に浸して急冷(焼き入れ)した。その後、390℃で30分間維持するテンパリング処理を行って鋼線を製造した。
下記表1に示した合金組成を有する主片を準備した後、一連の鋳造過程を経て、下記表2に示した条件で再加熱−線材熱間圧延−冷却工程を経てそれぞれの線材を製造した。
その後、線材を975℃で15分間加熱するオーステナイト化ステップを経た後、70℃の油に浸して急冷(焼き入れ)した。その後、390℃で30分間維持するテンパリング処理を行って鋼線を製造した。
シャルピー衝撃エネルギーは、ASTM E23規格に合わせて衝撃試片を加工して測定した。
引張強度は、熱間圧延された線材をASTM E8規格に合わせて引張試片を加工した後、上述した鋼線製造方法に従った後に引張試験を行って測定した。
また、表3を参照すると、熱間圧延された線材における結晶粒サイズは、比較例の場合、18.4〜20.2μmの範囲であったが、実施例の場合には、5.1〜13.2μmであって、比較例に比べて微細であり、シャルピー衝撃エネルギー値は、比較例の場合、14〜29J/cm2レベルであったが、実施例の場合には、38〜56J/cm2の高い値を示したので、、靭性が向上されたことが確認できる。
したがって、本発明で提案する合金組成及び製造条件によって得られた線材は、靭性に優れ、スプリング用として適切に用いられるものである。
図3及び図4を参照すると、熱処理された鋼線での結晶粒は、比較例1に比べて実施例3で微細に形成されたことが確認できる。
具体的に、表3によると、シャルピー衝撃エネルギー値は、比較例の場合、14〜28J/cm2レベルであったが、実施例の場合には、45〜68J/cm2の高い値を示したので、靭性が向上されたことが確認できる。また、相対的腐食疲労寿命は、比較例の場合、0.96〜1.00レベルである一方、実施例の場合、2.38〜11.4であって、比較例に比べて腐食疲労特性が顕著に向上されたことが確認できる。
Claims (10)
- 重量%で、C:0.4%〜0.7%、Si:1.2〜2.3%、Mn:0.2〜0.8%、Cr:0.2〜0.8%、残りは、Fe及び不可避な不純物からなり、
結晶粒サイズが13.2μm以下であり、
シャルピー衝撃エネルギーが38J/cm2以上であることを特徴とする靭性及び腐食疲労特性が向上されたスプリング用線材。 - 前記線材の微細組織は、面積分率で、フェライトを5〜37%、残りは、パーライトを含む混合組織であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の靭性及び腐食疲労特性が向上されたスプリング用線材。
- V:0.01〜0.2%、Nb:0.01〜0.1%、Ti:0.01〜0.15%及びMo:0.01〜0.4%のうち1種以上をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の靭性及び腐食疲労特性が向上されたスプリング用線材。
- Cu:0.01〜0.4%及びNi:0.01〜0.6%のうち1種以上をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の靭性及び腐食疲労特性が向上されたスプリング用線材。
- 重量%で、C:0.4%〜0.7%、Si:1.2〜2.3%、Mn:0.2〜0.8%、Cr:0.2〜0.8%、残りは、Fe及び不可避な不純物からなるビレットを製造するステップ、
前記ビレットを800〜950℃で加熱するステップ、
前記加熱されたビレットを700〜1,100℃で仕上げ圧延した後に巻取して線材を製造するステップ、及び
前記線材を5℃/s以下の冷却速度で冷却するステップ、を含むことを特徴とする靭性及び腐食疲労特性が向上されたスプリング用線材の製造方法。 - 前記ビレットは、V:0.01〜0.2%、Nb:0.01〜0.1%、Ti:0.01〜0.15%及びMo:0.01〜0.4%のうち1種以上をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の靭性及び腐食疲労特性が向上されたスプリング用線材の製造方法。
- 前記ビレットは、Cu:0.01〜0.4%及びNi:0.01〜0.6%のうち1種以上をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の靭性及び腐食疲労特性が向上されたスプリング用線材の製造方法。
- 前記線材の冷却開始温度は、820℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の靭性及び腐食疲労特性が向上されたスプリング用線材の製造方法。
- 重量%で、C:0.4%〜0.7%、Si:1.2〜2.3%、Mn:0.2〜0.8%、Cr:0.2〜0.8%、残りは、Fe及び不可避な不純物からなり、
結晶粒サイズが10.3μm以下であり、
シャルピー衝撃エネルギーが45J/cm2以上であることを特徴とする靭性及び腐食疲労特性が向上されたスプリング用鋼線。 - 重量%で、C:0.4%〜0.7%、Si:1.2〜2.3%、Mn:0.2〜0.8%、Cr:0.2〜0.8%、残りは、Fe及び不可避な不純物からなる線材を伸線して鋼線を製造するステップ、
前記鋼線を850〜1,000℃の範囲で加熱した後に1秒以上維持するオーステナイト化ステップ、及び
前記オーステナイト化ステップを経た鋼線を25〜80℃の範囲で焼き入れし、350〜500℃の範囲でテンパリングするステップ、を含むことを特徴とする靭性及び腐食疲労特性が向上されたスプリング用鋼線の製造方法。
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