JP2021522992A - ハイブリッド・ポリマー膜 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド・ポリマー膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2021522992A JP2021522992A JP2020560966A JP2020560966A JP2021522992A JP 2021522992 A JP2021522992 A JP 2021522992A JP 2020560966 A JP2020560966 A JP 2020560966A JP 2020560966 A JP2020560966 A JP 2020560966A JP 2021522992 A JP2021522992 A JP 2021522992A
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- enzyme
- separation membrane
- gas separation
- polymer layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
Description
・CA酵素は、ポリマー内に分散されてよい。水溶液中の既知の量の酵素をポリビニルアルコール(PVA:polyvinyl alcohol)、ポリアクリルアミド(PAA:polyacrylamide)、アルギン酸、キトサン又はいずれかの他の適当なポリマーなどのポリマー、並びに適当な溶媒から成るポリマー溶液と混合し、この混合物の薄層を支持層に適用し、乾燥させる。ポリマーと分散された酵素との間に弱い水素結合が存在することになる。
・まず、CA酵素を、例えばビニル基で化学的に修飾し、次いでモノマーと共に共重合させ、二元重合体を形成してよい。したがって、重合の間に、酵素はイン・サイチュで(又はその位置で、in situ)ポリマー鎖に固定されることになる。アクリルアミドなど、様々なモノマーがCA酵素と重合されてよい。
・既存のポリマーは、CA酵素をポリマーの官能基にカップリングすることによって修飾されてよい。ポリマーは、ポリマー鎖において、酵素を固定するのに用いられ得る、アミノ基などの様々な官能基を有してよい。したがって、CA酵素はポリマー鎖と化学的に(共有結合で)結合する。
驚くべきことに、化学的に固定されたCA酵素は、ポリマーのマトリックスにおいてその活性を維持するということが示されている。
炭酸脱水酵素の調製と精製
特許出願WO2014/090327 A1に記載されるように、大腸菌における組換えによって本実験で用いた炭酸脱水酵素を産生し、次いで、65℃における加熱沈殿と、続く遠心分離によって宿主タンパク質のほとんどを除去した。以下の実施例で用いられる菌株(strain)は、WO2014/090327 A1において参照されるように、SCA11であったものの、いずれの他の菌株又は他のCAも用いられ得る。
高密度又は多孔性の支持体、及び高密度のCO2分離層から成る合成膜を、支持体上への分離層の溶液キャスティング(又は溶液流延、solution casting)と、その後の室温又はオーブンで上げられた温度における乾燥によって調製した。
二官能性リンカー(bifunctional linker)(グルタルアルデヒド)を用いることによって、支持体に被覆されたPVA膜にCA酵素をカップリングした。一方の官能基はヒドロキシル基と反応し、第2の官能基はCA酵素のアミノ残基と反応する。
1.多孔性の支持体に被覆することによって、PVA膜を調製した。
2.PVA膜を0.5mmol/mLグルタルアルデヒド溶液10mLで活性化させた。
3.グルタルアルデヒド溶液を除去し、10mgの酵素をpH=7.4の緩衝溶液に加えた。
4.以下のように多層膜を調製した。過剰の酵素を除去し、新しい0.5mmol/mLグルタルアルデヒド溶液10mLを活性化のために加え、続いて酵素の緩衝溶液を加えた。
CA酵素は、ポリマーのマトリックス中に分散される際に、水素結合によってポリマー鎖と弱く結合する。2%PVA水溶液を酵素溶液と混合した。CA酵素の濃度は52.9mg/g PVAであった。50000MWCOのPSF支持体に混合物を被覆した。
CA酵素をビニル基で修飾し、pH7.4の緩衝溶液においてアクリルアミドと共重合させた。CA酵素/Aam(アクリルアミド)の2つの異なる比、40mg CA酵素/g Aam及び100mg CA酵素/g Aam、を用いた。ビニル基を導入するため、アクリル酸N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(NSA:N-hydroxy succinimide acrylate)でCA酵素を処理した。NSA/CA酵素の2つのモル比、8.89及びそれぞれ5.56(より少ないビニル基)、を用いた。得られたポリマー溶液を多孔性で高密度の支持体に被覆した。以下の3つの異なる生体ポリマーが得られた。
CA酵素−PAA0:NSA/CA酵素比8.89及び40mg CA/g Aam;
CA酵素−PAA1:NSA/CA酵素比5.56及び40mg CA/g Aam、並びに
CA酵素−PAA2:NSA/CA酵素比5.56及び100mg CA/g Aam。
一連のアプローチを用いるUVグラフト(grafting)によって、膜表面を修飾した。一連のアプローチは、望まない副反応を減ずるという利点を有する。
1.モノマーのグラフトが開始するグラフト点を作るため、膜を1%開始剤(ベンゾフェノン)メタノール溶液に浸漬し、UV放射線に暴露した。
2.開始剤溶液を除去し、膜をメタノールで優しく洗浄した。
3.次いで、膜を10%モノマー溶液(メタクリル酸グリシジル(GMA:glycidyl methacrylate)溶液に浸漬し、重合を促進するためにUV放射線に暴露した。
4.次いで、モノマー溶液を除去し、膜を水で数回洗浄して未反応のモノマー並びに膜表面に未結合のポリマーを除去した。
5.エポキシ基を介して、酵素をメタクリル酸ポリグリシジルとカップリングさせた。
GMAモノマーの代わりにメタクリル酸アミノエチル(AEMA:aminoethyl methacrylate)を使用し、方法4で説明された一連の方法を用いて膜を調製した。次いで、グラフトされた膜を、方法3によって調製された共重合溶液で被覆した。
GMAモノマーの代わりにAEMAモノマーを使用し、方法4で説明された一連の方法を用いて膜を調製した。次いで、リンカー(linker)としてグルタルアルデヒド(GA)を用いて、グラフトされた膜をCA酵素とカップリングさせた。
CO2のパーミアンス(又は透過、permeance)又はCO2透過率(パーミアンス/膜厚)、並びにCO2/N2選択率(CO2及びN2のパーミアンスの比)などのガス分離特性を、真のガス組成と同様に、十分に加湿されたCO2及びN2のガス混合物を用いることによって、調製した膜で測定した。真のガス組成は、排気ガス(5〜15%CO2)、息(5%CO2)などである。測定は25℃で行われ、供給圧は絶対圧で1.2bar〜5barであった。駆動力を生み出す手段として、膜の透過側にスイープ・ガスであるヘリウムを用いた。供給ガスは、5%又は15%のCO2含量を有していた。流量計及びガス・クロマトグラフによって透過物の流れ及びその組成を連続的に測定し、CO2のパーミアンス及びCO2/N2の選択率を計算するのに用いた。
実施例1
方法1に従ってグルタルアルデヒド及びCA酵素を修飾した50000MWCOのPSF支持体上のPSA(600μlの17.6mg/mlCA酵素溶液)。
PVAポリマー溶液にCA酵素を分散させ、方法2に従って50000MWCOのPSFに支持させた。得られた膜を、25℃で、十分に加湿されたCO2が15%であるN2供給ガスで試験した。
方法3に従う、化学的に修飾したCA酵素及びアクリル系モノマーの共重合。
方法5に従う、AEMAを用いるUVドラフトと、その後の生体ポリマー(PAA−CA酵素)の被覆
方法6に従う、AEMAを用いるUVグラフトと、その後のグルタルアルデヒドを用いる活性化によるCA酵素のカップリング。
ある膜、方法3の手順に従って調製したPAA−CA酵素1/PTMSPを選択し、その膜を以下の試験条件で350時間にわたって暴露した:5%CO2、85%N2、10%O2、300ppmのSO2;1.2barの圧力、25℃、高湿の気体。組成は、発電装置(又は動力設備若しくは発電所、power plant)からの排気ガスに関して非常に一般的なものである。CO2のフラックス(又は流れ、flux)(パーミアンス)及びCO2/N2選択率の両方は、時間において相対的に一定を保っており、排気ガスからのCO2の捕捉に関して潜在的な適用可能性を示している。
Claims (14)
- ガス分離膜であって、
ガス透過性又は多孔性の支持層;及び
少なくとも1つのCO2選択性ポリマー層内に固定される炭酸脱水(CA)酵素を含んで成る、少なくとも1つのCO2選択性ポリマー層
を有して成る、ガス分離膜。 - CO2選択性ポリマー層がアミノ基をさらに含んで成る、請求項1に記載のガス分離膜。
- CA酵素が熱安定性酵素であって、好ましくは、少なくとも50℃の温度に耐性を有する、請求項1又は2に記載のガス分離膜。
- CA酵素が、
ポリマー内にCA酵素を拡散させること;
化学的に修飾されたCA酵素及びモノマーの共重合;
バルク中に存在するポリマー鎖にCA酵素を化学的に固定すること;並びに
CO2選択性ポリマー層にCA酵素を化学的に固定すること
のうちの1つを介してポリマー層内に固定される、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のガス分離膜。 - CO2選択性ポリマー層が、親水性及び/又は水蒸気透過性のポリマーに基づく、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のガス分離膜。
- 親水性ポリマーが、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニルアミド、アルギン酸、キトサン及びポリビニルアミンから選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のガス分離膜。
- CO2選択性ポリマー層の上部に被覆される、ガス及び水蒸気の高透過率材料の保護ガター層をさらに有して成る、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のガス分離膜。
- CO2選択性ポリマー層が、0.1〜10μm、好ましくは0.1〜5μmの範囲の厚みを有する、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のガス分離膜。
- CO2選択性ポリマー層が、酵素修飾ポリマー層及びアミン含有層から選択される、少なくとも2つの層によって形成される多層構造を有する、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のガス分離膜。
- 炭酸脱水(CA)酵素も、少なくとも1つのCO2選択性ポリマー層の表面に固定される、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載のガス分離膜。
- ガス混合物からのCO2の分離のための、請求項1〜10のガス分離膜の使用。
- ガス混合物が、排気ガス、天然ガス、バイオガス、空気、発酵プロセス及び麻酔のガス、若しくはそれらの混合物から選択される、請求項11に記載の使用。
- 血液、若しくは水産養殖及び栽培漁業における水からCO2を分離するための膜コンタクターにおける、請求項1〜10のガス分離膜の使用。
- ガス混合物からCO2を分離するための方法であって、
請求項1〜10のガス分離膜にガス混合物を接触させること;
CA酵素反応及び溶液拡散の両方によって、加えられる分圧により供給側から透過側にCO2分子が選択的に移送されることにおいて、ガス混合物の少なくとも一部が膜を介して移動することを可能とすること;
透過側からCO2分子を連続的に除去すること
を含む、方法。
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CA3098811A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
JP7319296B2 (ja) | 2023-08-01 |
EP3787780A2 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
WO2019212359A2 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
CN112423867A (zh) | 2021-02-26 |
WO2019212359A3 (en) | 2019-12-19 |
NO344627B1 (en) | 2020-02-10 |
EP3787780B1 (en) | 2022-06-29 |
NO20180621A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
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US20210229031A1 (en) | 2021-07-29 |
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