JP2021522798A - 免疫チェックポイント遮断によりキメラ抗原受容体を発現するように操作されたナチュラルキラー細胞 - Google Patents
免疫チェックポイント遮断によりキメラ抗原受容体を発現するように操作されたナチュラルキラー細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図1A
Description
2019年5月3日に作成された2KB(Microsoft Windowsで測定)の「UTFC1366WO.txt」と名付けられたファイルに含まれている配列表は、電子出願によって本明細書とともに提出され、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書で使用する場合、特定の成分に関して「本質的に含まない」は、特定の成分が意図的に組成物に配合されておらず、かつ/又は汚染物質として、又は微量でのみ存在することを意味するために本明細書で使用される。したがって、組成物の意図しない汚染から生じる特定の成分の総量は、0.05%をはるかに下回り、好ましくは0.01%を下回る。最も好ましいのは、特定の成分の量が標準的な分析方法で検出できない組成物である。
特定の実施形態において、NK細胞は、当技術分野で周知の方法により、ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)、非刺激白血球アフェレーシス産物(PBSC)、ヒト胚性幹細胞(hESC)、人工多能性幹細胞(iPSC)、骨髄、又は臍帯血から誘導される。特に、NK細胞は、臍帯血(CB)、末梢血(PB)、骨髄、又は幹細胞から単離することができる。特定の実施形態において、免疫細胞は、プールされたCBから単離される。CBは、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、10又はそれ以上のユニットからプールすることができる。免疫細胞は自己由来であっても、又は同種異系であってもよい。単離されたNK細胞は、細胞療法を投与される対象に対してハプロタイプが一致し得る。NK細胞は、CD3の発現がないヒトでは、CD16、CD56、CD8などの特異的表面マーカーによって検出することができる。
サイトカイン誘導SH2含有タンパク質(CIS)は、CISH遺伝子によってコードされる。これはSOCSファミリーのメンバーであり、NK細胞の細胞内チェックポイント分子である。CISHはIL−15に応答して急速に誘導され、CISHを欠失すると、NK細胞はIL−15に対して過敏になる。CISHノックアウトNK細胞は、増殖が促進され、IFNγ産生が増加し、細胞傷害活性が増強される。CISのアブレーションは、NK細胞活性にブレーキを掛ける。
インターロイキン−15(IL−15)は組織が制限されており、病理学的条件下でのみ、血清中に任意のレベルで、又は全身的に観察される。IL−15は、養子療法に望ましいいくつかの属性を保有する。IL−15は、ナチュラルキラー細胞の発生及び細胞増殖を誘導し、腫瘍常在細胞の機能抑制を緩和することで確立された腫瘍の根絶を促進し、AICDを阻害する恒常性サイトカインである。
本開示のNK細胞は、操作されたTCR及び/又はCARなどの抗原受容体を発現するように遺伝子操作することができる。例えば、NK細胞は、がん抗原に対して抗原特異性を有するTCRを発現するように改変される。異なる抗原などに対する複数のCAR及び/又はTCRをNK細胞に追加することができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、CARは、a)細胞内シグナル伝達ドメイン、b)膜貫通ドメイン、及びc)抗原結合領域を含む細胞外ドメインを含む。
いくつかの実施形態において、遺伝子操作された抗原受容体は、組換えTCR及び/又は天然に存在するT細胞からクローン化されたTCRを含む。「T細胞受容体」又は「TCR」は、可変のa及びβ鎖(それぞれ、TCRα及びTCRβとしても知られる)又は可変のγ及びδ鎖(それぞれ、TCRγ及びTCRδとしても知られる)を含む分子を指し、MHC受容体に結合した抗原ペプチドに特異的に結合することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、TCRはαβ形態である。
マクロファージ、Bリンパ球、樹状細胞を含む抗原提示細胞は、特定のMHC分子の発現によって区別される。APCは抗原を内在化し、MHC分子と一緒にその抗原の一部を細胞膜外側に再発現させる。MHCは、複数の遺伝子座を有する大きな遺伝子複合体である。MHC遺伝子座は、クラスI及びクラスII MHCと呼ばれる2つの主要なクラスのMHC膜分子をコードする。Tヘルパーリンパ球は一般にMHCクラスII分子に関連する抗原を認識し、T細胞傷害性リンパ球はMHCクラスI分子に関連する抗原を認識する。ヒトではMHCはHLA複合体と呼ばれ、マウスではH−2複合体と呼ばれる。
遺伝子操作された抗原受容体によって標的とされる抗原の中には、養子細胞療法によって標的とされる疾患、状態、又は細胞型に関連して発現されるものある。疾患及び状態の中には、増殖性、腫瘍性及び悪性の疾患及び障害があり、これには、リンパ腫、白血病及び/又は骨髄腫、例えば、B細胞性、T細胞性及び骨髄性の白血病、リンパ腫及び多発性骨髄腫などの血液がん、免疫系のがんを含むがん及び腫瘍が含まれる。いくつかの実施形態において、抗原は、正常又は非標的の細胞もしくは組織と比較して、疾患又は病態の細胞、例えば、腫瘍細胞又は病原性細胞上で選択的に発現又は過剰発現される。他の実施形態において、抗原は、正常細胞上で発現されるか、及び/又は操作された細胞上で発現される。
本開示の免疫細胞のCARは、1又は複数の自殺遺伝子を含み得る。本明細書で使用される「自殺遺伝子」という用語は、プロドラッグの投与時に、その宿主細胞を殺す化合物への遺伝子産物の転移をもたらす遺伝子として定義される。使用できる自殺遺伝子/プロドラッグの組み合わせの例は、単純ヘルペスウイルスチミジンキナーゼ(HSV−tk)及びガンシクロビル、アシクロビル又はFIAU;オキシドレダクターゼ及びシクロヘキシミド;シトシンデアミナーゼ及び5−フルオロシトシン;チミジンキナーゼチミジン酸キナーゼ(Tdk::Tmk)及びAZT;ならびにデオキシシチジンキナーゼ及びシトシンアラビノシドである。
当業者は、本開示の抗原受容体を発現させる標準的な組換え技術(例えば、Sambrook et al.,2001及びAusubel et al.,1996を参照されたい。当該文献は双方とも参照により本明細書に両方とも組み込まれる)によってベクターを構築することを熟知していると思われる。ベクターには、限定するものではないが、プラスミド、コスミド、ウイルス(バクテリオファージ、動物ウイルス及び植物ウイルス)、人工染色体(例えば、YAC)、レトロウイルスベクター(例えば、モロニーネズミ白血病ウイルスベクター(MoMLV)、MSCV、SFFV、MPSV、SNVなどに由来)、レンチウイルスベクター(例えば、HIV−1、HIV−2、SIV、BIV、FIVなどに由来)、複製可能、複製欠損及びガットレス(gutless)型を含むアデノウイルス(Ad)ベクター、アデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクター、シミアンウイルス40(SV−40)ベクター、ウシ乳頭腫ウイルスベクター、エプスタインバーウイルスベクター、ヘルペスウイルスベクター、ワクシニアウイルスベクター、ハーベイマウス肉腫ウイルスベクター、ネズミ乳腺腫瘍ウイルスベクター、ルース肉腫ウイルスベクター、パルボウイルスベクター、ポリオウイルスベクター、水疱性口内炎ウイルスベクター、マラバウイルスベクター及びB群アデノウイルスエナデノツシレフ(enadenotucirev)ベクターが含まれる。
抗原受容体をコードするウイルスベクターを、本開示の特定の態様において提供することができる。組換えウイルスベクターの作製において、非必須遺伝子は、典型的には、異種(又は非天然)タンパク質の遺伝子又はコード配列で置き換えられる。ウイルスベクターは、ウイルス配列を利用して細胞に核酸やタンパク質を導入する一種の発現構築体である。特定のウイルスは、受容体媒介エンドサイトーシスにより細胞に感染したり、又は細胞に侵入し、宿主細胞のゲノムに組み込まれてウイルス遺伝子を安定的かつ効率的に発現したりするその能力により、外来核酸を細胞(哺乳類細胞など)に移入させる魅力的な候補となっている。本発明の特定の態様の核酸を送達するために使用され得るウイルスベクターの非限定的な例を、以下に記載する。
本開示において有用なベクターに含まれる発現カセットは、特に(5′から3′方向に)タンパク質コード配列に作動可能に連結された真核生物転写プロモーター、介在配列を含むスプライスシグナル、及び転写終結/ポリアデニル化配列を含む。真核細胞におけるタンパク質コード遺伝子の転写を制御するプロモーター及びエンハンサーは、複数の遺伝的要素で構成されている。細胞機構は、各要素によって伝達される調節情報を収集して統合することができ、異なる遺伝子が転写調節の異なる、しばしば複雑なパターンの進化を可能にする。本開示の文脈で使用されるプロモーターには、構成的、誘導性、及び組織特異的プロモーターが含まれる。
本明細書で提供される発現構築体は、抗原受容体の発現を駆動するためのプロモーターを含む。プロモーターは一般に、RNA合成の開始部位を配置するように機能する配列を含む。この最もよく知られている例はTATAボックスであるが、例えば、哺乳類のターミナルデオキシヌクレオチジルトランスフェラーゼ遺伝子のプロモーターやSV40後期遺伝子のプロモーターなど、TATAボックスのない一部のプロモーターでは、開始部位に重なる個別の要素自体が開始の場所を修正するのを助ける。追加のプロモーター要素が転写開始の頻度を調節する。多くのプロモーターが開始部位の下流にも機能要素を含んでいることが示されているが、典型的には、これらは開始部位の30110 bp上流の領域に配置されている。コード配列をプロモーターの「制御下」に持ってくるため、選択されたプロモーターの転写リーディングフレームの「下流」(すなわち、その3′)の転写開始部位の5′末端にコード配列を配置する。「上流」のプロモーターは、DNAの転写を刺激し、コードされたRNAの発現を促進する。
特定の開始シグナルはまた、コード配列の効率的な翻訳のために、本開示において提供される発現構築体において使用することができる。これらのシグナルには、ATG開始コドン又は隣接する配列が含まれる。ATG開始コドンを含む外因性翻訳制御シグナルを提供する必要がある場合がある。当業者は、これを容易に決定し、必要なシグナルを提供することができるであろう。開始コドンは、インサート全体の翻訳を確実にするために、所望のコード配列のリーディングフレームと「インフレーム」でなければならないことは周知である。外因性翻訳制御シグナル及び開始コドンは、天然であっても、又は合成であってもよい。発現の効率は、適切な転写エンハンサー要素を含めることによって向上させることができる。
(iii)複製起点
宿主細胞内でベクターを増殖させるために、ベクターは、1又は複数の複製起点部位(しばしば「ori」と呼ばれる)、例えば、上記のEBVのoriPに対応する核酸配列、又は複製が開始される特異的核酸配列である、プログラミングで同様又は高い機能を有するように遺伝子操作されたoriPを含み得る。又は、上記のような他の染色体外複製ウイルスの複製起点、又は自律複製配列(ARS)を使用することができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、本開示の構築体を含む細胞は、発現ベクター中にマーカーを含めることにより、in vitro又はin vivoで同定することができる。そのようなマーカーは、同定可能な変化を細胞に与え、発現ベクターを含む細胞の容易な同定を可能にする。一般に、選択マーカーは、選択を可能にする特性を付与するマーカーである。ポジティブ選択マーカーは、マーカーの存在により選択が可能なマーカーであり、ネガティブ選択マーカーは、マーカーの存在により選択が妨げられるマーカーである。ポジティブ選択マーカーの例は、薬剤耐性マーカーである。
抗原受容体をコードする核酸のウイルス送達に加えて、以下は、所与の宿主細胞へ組換え遺伝子を送達する、したがって、本開示において検討される追加の方法である。
いくつかの実施形態において、本開示の免疫細胞は、CISHの発現を変化させるように改変させることができる。追加の実施形態において、細胞は、グルココルチコイド受容体及び/又はTGFβ受容体(例えば、TGFβ−RII)の発現を破壊するようにさらに改変させることができる。一実施形態において、免疫細胞は、内因性TGFβを枯渇させるためのサイトカインシンクとして機能することができるドミナントネガティブTGFβ受容体II(TGFβRIIDN)を発現するように改変させることができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、DNA標的化分子は、エンドヌクレアーゼなどのエフェクタータンパク質に融合された、1又は複数のジンクフィンガータンパク質(ZFP)又は転写活性化因子様タンパク質(TAL)などのDNA結合タンパク質を含む。例としては、ZFN、TALE及びTALENが挙げられる。
いくつかの実施形態において、DNA標的化分子は、転写活性化因子様タンパク質エフェクター(TALE)タンパク質などにおいて、天然に存在する、又は操作された(天然に存在しない)転写活性化因子様タンパク質(TAL)DNA結合ドメインを含む。例えば、米国特許公開第2011/0301073号明細書を参照されたく、当該特許公開は参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
いくつかの実施形態において、改変は、RNA誘導型エンドヌクレアーゼ(RGEN)を介した改変など、1又は複数のDNA結合核酸を使用して実施される。例えば、改変は、クラスター化された規則的に間隔を空けた短いパリンドロームリピート(CRISPR)及びCRISPR関連(Cas)タンパク質を使用して実行することができる。一般に、「CRISPRシステム」とは、CRISPR関連(「Cas」)遺伝子の発現又は活性の誘導に関与する転写産物及び他の要素を総称して指し、Cas遺伝子をコードする配列、tracr(トランス活性化CRISPR)配列(例えば、tracrRNA又は活性な部分的tracrRNA)、tracr−メイト配列(「ダイレクトリピート」及び内因性CRISPRシステムに関連してtracrRNAによりプロセシングされた部分的ダイレクトリピートを包含する)、ガイド配列(内因性CRISPRシステムに関連して「スペーサー」とも呼ばれる)、及び/又はCRISPR遺伝子座由来の他の配列及び転写産物を含む。
いくつかの実施形態において、本開示は、有効量の本開示のNK細胞を投与することを含む免疫療法のための方法を提供する。一実施形態において、医学的疾患又は障害は、免疫応答を誘発するNK細胞集団の移入によって治療される。本開示の特定の実施形態において、がん又は感染症は、免疫応答を誘発するNK細胞集団の移入によって治療される。本明細書で提供されるのは、有効量の抗原特異的細胞療法を個体に投与することを含む、個体のがんを治療する、又はその進行を遅延させるための方法である。本発明の方法は、免疫障害、固形がん、血液がん、及びウイルス感染症の治療に適用することができる。
免疫細胞(例えば、T細胞又はNK細胞)及び薬学的に許容される担体を含む医薬組成物及び製剤も本明細書において提供される。
特定の実施形態において、本実施形態の組成物及び方法は、少なくとも1つの追加の治療と組み合わせた免疫細胞集団を含む。追加の治療法は、放射線療法、外科手術(例えば、乳腺腫瘍摘出術及び乳房切除術)、化学療法、遺伝子治療、DNA療法、ウイルス療法、RNA療法、免疫療法、骨髄移植、ナノ療法、モノクローナル抗体療法、又は前述の組み合わせであり得る。追加の治療法は、アジュバント療法又はネオアジュバント療法の形態であり得る。
A/B/A B/A/B B/B/A A/A/B A/B/B B/A/A A/B/B/B B/A/B/B
B/B/B/A B/B/A/B A/A/B/B A/B/A/B A/B/B/A B/B/A/A
B/A/B/A B/A/A/B A/A/A/B B/A/A/A A/B/A/A A/A/B/A
多種多様な化学療法剤を、本実施形態に従って使用することができる。「化学療法」という用語は、がんを治療するための薬物の使用を指す。「化学療法剤」は、がんの治療において投与される化合物又は組成物の意味を含んで使用される。これらの薬剤又は薬物は、細胞周期に影響を与えるかどうか、どの段階で影響を与えるかなど、細胞内の活性モードによって分類される。又は、薬剤は、DNAを直接架橋する、DNAに挿入する、又は核酸合成に影響を与えることによって染色体及び有糸分裂の異常を誘発するその能力に基づいて特徴付けることができる。
DNA損傷を引き起こし、広く使用されてきた他の因子には、一般に、γ線、X線、及び/又は腫瘍細胞への放射性同位元素の直接送達として公知のものが含まれる。マイクロ波、陽子線照射(米国特許第5,760,395号明細書及び第4,870,287号明細書)、及びUV照射などの他の形態のDNA損傷因子も企図されている。これらの因子はすべて、DNA、DNAの前駆体、DNAの複製と修復、及び染色体のアセンブリと維持に対する広範囲の損傷に影響を与える可能性が最も高い。X線の線量範囲は、長期間(3〜4週間)の1日線量50〜200レントゲンから単一線量2000〜6000レントゲンまでの範囲である。放射性同位元素の線量範囲は大きく異なり、放射性同位元素の半減期、放出される放射線の強度と種類、及び腫瘍細胞による取り込みに依存する。
当業者は、追加の免疫療法が、実施形態の方法と組み合わせて、又は併せて使用できることを理解すると思われる。がん治療に関連して、免疫療法は、一般に、がん細胞を標的にして破壊するために免疫エフェクター細胞及び分子の使用に依存している。リツキシマブ(RITUXAN(登録商標))はそのような例である。免疫エフェクターは、例えば、腫瘍細胞の表面上のいくつかのマーカーに特異的な抗体であり得る。抗体が単独で治療のエフェクターとして機能する場合もあれば、他の細胞を動員して実際に細胞殺滅に影響を与える場合もある。抗体はまた、薬物又は毒素(化学療法剤、放射性核種、リシンA鎖、コレラ毒素、百日咳毒素など)と結合することができ、標的化剤として役立つ。又は、エフェクターは、腫瘍細胞標的と直接的又は間接的に相互作用する表面分子を運ぶリンパ球であってもよい。さまざまなエフェクター細胞には、細胞傷害性T細胞及びNK細胞が含まれる。
がん患者の約60%は、予防的、診断的又は病期分類的、治癒的、緩和的な外科手術を含む何らかの種類の外科手術を受ける。治癒的外科手術は、がん性組織の全部又は一部が物理的に除去、切除、及び/又は破壊される摘出術を含み、本実施形態の治療、化学療法、放射線療法、ホルモン療法、遺伝子療法、免疫療法及び/又は代替療法などの他の療法と組み合わせて使用することができる。腫瘍摘出術とは、腫瘍の少なくとも一部を物理的に除去することを指す。腫瘍摘出術に加えて、外科手術による治療には、レーザー外科手術、凍結外科手術、電気外科手術、及び顕微鏡制御外科手術(モース術)が含まれる。
治療の治療有効性を改善するために、他の薬剤を本実施形態の特定の態様と組み合わせて使用可能であることが企図される。これらの追加の薬剤には、細胞表面受容体及びギャップ結合のアップレギュレーションに影響を与える薬剤、細胞増殖抑制剤及び分化剤、細胞接着の阻害剤、アポトーシス誘導物質に対する過剰増殖細胞の感受性を高める薬剤、又は他の生物学的薬剤が含まれる。ギャップ結合の数を増やすことによる細胞間シグナル伝達の増加は、隣接する過剰増殖細胞集団に対する抗過剰増殖効果を増加させる。他の実施形態において、治療の抗過剰増殖有効性を改善するために、細胞増殖抑制剤又は分化剤を、本実施形態の特定の態様と組み合わせて使用することができる。細胞接着の阻害剤は、本実施形態の有効性を改善することが企図されている。細胞接着阻害剤の例は、焦点接着キナーゼ(FAK)阻害剤及びロバスタチンである。治療有効性を改善するために、抗体c225などの、アポトーシスに対する過剰増殖性細胞の感受性を増加させる他の薬剤を、本実施形態の特定の態様と組み合わせて使用可能であることがさらに企図される。
免疫細胞を含む製品又はキットも本明細書で提供される。製品又はキットは、免疫細胞を使用して個体のがんを治療又は進行を遅延させるため、又はがんを有する個体の免疫機能を増強するための説明書を含む添付文書をさらに含むことができる。本明細書に記載の抗原特異的免疫細胞はすべて、製品又はキットに含めることができる。適切な容器としては、例えば、ボトル、バイアル、バッグ及び注射器が挙げられる。容器は、ガラス、プラスチック(ポリ塩化ビニル又はポリオレフィンなど)、又は金属合金(ステンレス鋼又はハステロイなど)などのさまざまな材料から形成することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、容器は製剤を保持し、容器上の又はそれに関連するラベルは、使用のための指示を示すことができる。製品又はキットは、他の緩衝液、希釈剤、フィルター、針、注射器、及び使用説明書を含む添付文書を含む、商業的及びユーザーの観点から望ましい他の材料をさらに含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態において、製品は、1又は複数の別の薬剤(例えば、化学療法剤及び抗腫瘍剤)をさらに含む。1又は複数の薬剤に適した容器には、例えば、ボトル、バイアル、バッグ及び注射器が含まれる。
以下の実施例は、本発明の好ましい実施形態を実証するために含まれる。以下の実施例に開示される技術は、本発明者により本発明の実施において良好に機能することが発見された技術を表し、したがって、その実施のための好ましい様式を構成すると見なし得ることが当業者により理解されるべきである。しかしながら、当業者は、本開示に照らして、開示された特定の実施形態において多くの変更を行うことができ、なおかつ本発明の精神及び範囲から逸脱することなく同様又は類似の結果を得ることができることを理解すべきである。
NK細胞を、3つの異なる臍帯血(CB)ユニットからネガティブセレクションによって単離し、増殖させた。次に、NK細胞にCAR構築体を形質導入し、CISH KOを各CBに対して異なる時点で実施した。各CBユニットに関して、NT、NT CISH KO、CAR19/IL−15、及びCAR19/IL−15 CISH KOを含む、4つの異なる細胞グループを得た。
CISH KOされたCAR NK細胞をin vivoで特性評価するために、10週齢のNSGヌルの雌マウスを研究した。マウスに20x103のRaji−FFLuc細胞を注射した。エフェクター細胞については、以下のグループに応じて、細胞#1〜細胞#3を、3x106又は107細胞/動物を注射した。
−グループ#1:Raji−FFLuc単独
−グループ#2:Raji−FFLuc+細胞#1 3x106細胞/動物
−グループ#3:Raji−FFLuc+細胞#1 107細胞/動物
−グループ#4:Raji−FFLuc+細胞#2 3x106細胞/動物
−グループ#5:Raji−FFLuc+細胞#2 107細胞/動物
−細胞#1:NKCAR19 cas9+エレクトロポレーション
−細胞#3:NKCAR19 CISH KO
CIS欠損iC9/CAR19/IL−15 NK細胞におけるin vitro機能の増強:CISの発現レベルを評価して、iC9/CAR19/IL−15 CB−NK細胞が、非改変NK細胞においてサイトカインシグナル伝達を生理学的にダウンレギュレートする同じ逆調節回路にさらされているかどうかを判断した。CB−NK細胞を、IL−2の存在下で、膜結合型IL21、4−1BBリガンド及びCD48(uAPC)を発現するように操作されたK562フィーダー細胞株とともに21日間培養した。NK細胞に、材料及び方法に記載されている、iC9/CAR19/IL−15を発現するレトロウイルスベクターを+4日目に形質導入したか、又は形質導入しなかった(NT、対照)。CISの発現は、時間の経過とともに、NT対照及びiC9/CAR19/IL−15 CB−NK細胞のインビトロ増殖中に有意に増加した(図7A)。特に、CISの発現レベルは、おそらくCIS導入に対するIL−15の追加の効果のために、NT CB−NK細胞と比較して、iC9/CAR19/IL−15においてより顕著であった(図7A)。
細胞株及び培地:Raji(バーキットリンパ腫細胞株)は、American Type Culture Collection(Manassa、VA、USA)から購入した。K562系のフィーダー細胞をレトロウイルスにより形質導入して、4−1BBL、CD48、及び膜結合型IL−21 9uAPCを共発現させた。インビボ実験に使用されたホタルルシフェラーゼ形質導入Raji(Raji−FFLUC)細胞は、Dr.Gianpietro Dotti(University of North Carolina)のご厚意により提供された。
エクソン4フォワードプライマー:CGTCTGGACTCCAACTGCTT(配列番号7)
エクソン4リバースプライマー:GTACAAAGGGCTGCACCAGT(配列番号8)
抗体コンジュゲーション:38個の金属タグ付き抗体で構成されるパネルを使用して、NK細胞の詳細な特性評価を行った。対応する金属タグ同位体を有する抗体のリスト。非標識抗体はすべて無担体の形で購入し、製造業者の指示(Fludigm)に従って、Maxpar X8ポリマーを使用して、社内で対応する金属タグと結合させた。塩化インジウム(III)(Sigma−Aldrich、St.Louis、MO)を除いて、すべての金属同位体はFludigmから入手した。Nanodrop 2000(Thermo Fisher Scientific、Waltham、MA)を使用してA280タンパク質の量を測定することにより、抗体濃度を決定した。次に、結合した抗体を、PBSベースの抗体安定化溶液又は0.05%アジドナトリウム(Sigma−Aldrich、St.Louis、MO)を添加したLowCross−Buffer(Candor Bioscience GmbH、Wangen、Germany)で最終濃度0.5mg/mlに希釈した。連続滴定実験を実施して、各抗体の最適なシグナル対ノイズ比で濃度を決定した。
NK細胞の標識化:NK細胞を、生細胞染色バッファー(abcam)と、それぞれ、ミトコンドリア、リソソーム及び核の標識化のために、最終濃度500nMのMitoTracker(商標)Deep Red FM(Invitrogen(商標))、250nMのLysoRed(abcam)、及び1μMのHoechst 33342(Sigma)を含有するRPMI(Corning)との1:1(v/v)溶液中で37℃において40分間インキュベートした。次に、細胞をハンクスの平衡塩類溶液(Cellgro)+10%HEPES(Corning)で最初に洗浄し、完全培地RPMI+10%FBS(R10)で2回目の洗浄を行った。
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Claims (54)
- (1)キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)及び/又はT細胞受容体(TCR)と(2)ヒトIL−15(hIL−15)とを発現し、本質的にCISHを発現しないように操作された単離ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞。
- CARを発現するように操作されている、請求項1に記載のNK細胞。
- TCRを発現するように操作されている、請求項1に記載のNK細胞。
- CAR及びTCRを発現するように操作されている、請求項1に記載のNK細胞。
- 臍帯血、末梢血、骨髄、CD34+細胞、又はiPSCに由来する、請求項1に記載のNK細胞。
- 臍帯血に由来する、請求項1に記載のNK細胞。
- 前記臍帯血が事前凍結されている、請求項6に記載のNK細胞。
- 前記CAR及び/又はTCRが、CD19、CD319/CS1、ROR1、CD20、CD5、CD7、CD22、CD70、CD30、BCMA、CD25、NKG2Dリガンド、MICA/MICB、がん胎児性抗原、アルファフェトプロテイン、CA−125、MUC−1、上皮腫瘍抗原、メラノーマ関連抗原、変異p53、変異ras、HER2/Neu、ERBB2、葉酸結合タンパク質、HIV−1エンベロープ糖タンパク質gp120、HIV−1エンベロープ糖タンパク質gp41、GD2、CD123、CD33、CD30、CD56、c−Met、メソテリン、GD3、HERV−K、IL−11Ralpha、カッパ鎖、ラムダ鎖、CSPG4、ERBB2、WT−1、EGFRvIII、TRAIL/DR4、及び/又はVEGFR2に対して抗原特異性を有する、請求項1に記載のNK細胞。
- 前記CARがCD19に対して抗原特異性を有する、請求項1に記載のNK細胞。
- 前記NK細胞が第2のサイトカインをさらに発現する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記サイトカインがIL−21又はIL−12である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記NK細胞が哺乳類ラパマイシン標的タンパク質(mTOR)シグナル伝達を活性化させた、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記NK細胞がJAK/STATシグナル伝達を増加させた、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のNK細胞を作製する方法であって、
(a)NK細胞の開始集団を取得すること、
(b)前記NK細胞の開始集団を人工提示細胞(APC)の存在下で培養すること、
(c)CAR及び/又はTCR発現ベクターを前記NK細胞に導入すること、
(d)前記NK細胞をAPCの存在下で増殖させること、それによって増殖したNK細胞を得ること、ならびに
(e)増殖したNK細胞においてCISHの発現を破壊すること、
を含む方法。 - 発現を破壊することが、CRISPR媒介遺伝子サイレンシングを使用することを含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- CRISPR媒介遺伝子サイレンシングが、CAR NK細胞と、sgRNA及びCas9とを接触させることを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記sgRNAがCISHのエクソン4を標的とする、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記sgRNAが配列番号1〜2を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記NK細胞の開始集団が、フィコールパック密度勾配を使用して単核細胞を単離することによって得られる、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記APCがガンマ線照射されたAPCである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記APCがユニバーサルAPC(uAPC)である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記APCが41BB及びIL−21を発現するように操作されている、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記uAPCが、(1)CD48及び/又はCS1(CD319)、(2)膜結合インターロイキン−21(mbIL−21)、及び(3)41BBリガンド(41BBL)を発現するように操作されている、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記NK細胞とAPCとが1:2の比率で存在する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)及び(d)のNK細胞が、IL−2の存在下でさらに増殖される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−2が100〜300U/mLの濃度で存在する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−2が200U/mLの濃度で存在する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 導入することが形質導入を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記CAR及び/又はTCR発現構築体が、レンチウイルスベクター又はレトロウイルスベクターである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記NK細胞がGMPに準拠している、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記NK細胞が同種異系である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記NK細胞が自己由来である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記CAR及び/又はTCRが、CD19、CD319/CS1、ROR1、CD20、CD5、CD7、CD22、CD70、CD30、BCMA、CD25、NKG2Dリガンド、MICA/MICB、がん胎児性抗原、アルファフェトプロテイン、CA−125、MUC−1、上皮腫瘍抗原、メラノーマ関連抗原、変異p53、変異ras、HER2/Neu、ERBB2、葉酸結合タンパク質、HIV−1エンベロープ糖タンパク質gp120、HIV−1エンベロープ糖タンパク質gp41、GD2、CD123、CD23、CD30、CD56、c−Met、メソテリン、GD3、HERV−K、IL−11Ralpha、カッパ鎖、ラムダ鎖、CSPG4、ERBB2、WT−1、EGFRvIII、TRAIL/DR4、及び/又はVEGFR2に対して抗原特異性を有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記CARがCD19に対して抗原特異性を有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記CAR及び/又はTCR発現構築体がサイトカインをさらに発現する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記サイトカインがIL−15、IL−21又はIL−12である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記増殖したNK細胞の集団を凍結保存することをさらに含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のNK細胞の集団、又は請求項14〜37のいずれか一項に記載の方法により作製されたNK細胞の集団と、薬学的に許容される担体とを含む医薬組成物。
- 対象の疾患又は障害の治療に使用するための、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のNK細胞、又は請求項14〜37のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって作製されたNK細胞の有効量を含む組成物。
- 対象の免疫関連障害の治療のための、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のNK細胞、又は請求項14〜37のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって作製されたNK細胞の有効量を含む組成物の使用。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のNK細胞、又は請求項14〜37のいずれか一項に記載の方法により作製されたNK細胞の有効量を対象に投与することを含む、対象の免疫関連障害を治療する方法。
- 前記免疫関連障害が、がん、自己免疫障害、移植片対宿主病、同種移植片拒絶、又は炎症状態である、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫関連障害が炎症状態であり、前記免疫細胞が本質的にグルココルチコイド受容体の発現を有さない、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記対象がステロイド療法を投与されていたか、又は投与されている、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記NK細胞が自己由来である、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記NK細胞が同種異系である、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫関連障害ががんである、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが固形がん又は血液悪性腫瘍である、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも第2の治療薬を投与することをさらに含む、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも第2の治療薬が、化学療法、免疫療法、外科手術、放射線療法、又は生物療法を含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記NK細胞及び/又は少なくとも第2の治療薬が、静脈内、腹腔内、気管内、腫瘍内、筋肉内、内視鏡的、病変内、経皮的、皮下、局所的に、又は直接注射又は灌流によって投与される、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記本質的にCISHを発現しないNK細胞が、CISHを発現するNK細胞と比較して増強された機能を有する、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記増強された機能が、IFN−γ及びTNF−αの細胞内染色、CD107a脱顆粒、及び51Cr放出アッセイによる腫瘍殺滅によって測定される、請求項52記載の方法。
- 前記増強された機能が、グランザイム−b、パーフォリン、TRAIL、CD3z、Eomes、T−bet、DAP12、DNAM、CD25及び/又はKi67の発現の増加によって測定される、請求項52に記載の方法。
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CN112292390A (zh) | 2021-01-29 |
MX2020011697A (es) | 2020-12-10 |
JP2024045179A (ja) | 2024-04-02 |
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EP3788061A4 (en) | 2022-02-23 |
BR112020022010A2 (pt) | 2021-01-26 |
WO2019213610A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
SG11202010763VA (en) | 2020-11-27 |
AU2019262218A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
CO2020015168A2 (es) | 2021-09-09 |
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