JP2021162240A - Compression smoke prevention and exhaustion facility, and design method for building and compression smoke prevention and exhaustion facility - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a compression smoke prevention and exhaustion facility capable of suppressing an opening failure of a smoke block opening in the case of occurrence of a fire, and a design method for a building and the compression smoke prevention and exhaustion facility.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a compression smoke prevention and exhaustion facility 30 in a building 1 comprising: a room 4 with emergency stair; a smoke block opening 26 which is provided in an entrance/exit 25 communicating to the room 4 with emergency stair and opened to the side of the room 4 with emergency stair; an adjacent room 3 connected to the room 4 with emergency stair via the smoke block opening 26; and a natural smoke exhaustion port 40 provided in the adjacent room 3 for exhausting air which flows from the room 4, in a natural exhaustion manner. The compression smoke prevention and exhaustion facility comprises: a smoke exhaustion device 36 for forcibly exhausting smoke from mechanical smoke exhaustion ports 33 and 35 provided in a general room 2 and the adjacent room 3 to the outside of the building; and an air supply device 38 for forcibly supplying air from an air supply port 41 provided in the room 4 with emergency stair to the room 4 with emergency stair. While the smoke exhaustion device 36 performs a smoke exhausting operation, the natural smoke exhaustion port 40 is opened and outside air is supplied into the adjacent room 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a pressure smoke proof / exhaust facility, a building, and a method for designing a pressure smoke proof / exhaust facility.

Pressurized smoke prevention equipment is known as one of the systems for controlling smoke generated by a fire. The pressurized smoke prevention equipment exhausts the general room (living room, etc.) or the adjacent room (corridor, etc.) where the fire broke out, and supplies outside air to the evacuation staircase attachment room adjacent to the evacuation staircase from the evacuation staircase attachment room. By forming an air flow toward the adjacent room, smoke leakage to the room attached to the evacuation staircase is prevented (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

As shown in FIG. 7, as an example of the pressurized smoke prevention equipment, the smoke exhaust device 101 forcibly exhausting the general room 2 and the adjacent room 3 of the building 1 and the supply air to the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 are supplied. Some are equipped with an air device 102. The evacuation and smoke control that should be performed in the event of a fire are shown below in stages.

Initial stage of fire 1: Evacuees evacuate from the fire floor including the general room 2 where the fire 110 occurred. In addition, the smoke exhaust device 101 is activated to start mechanical smoke exhaust from the general room 2.
Initial stage of fire 2: Evacuees evacuate from non-disaster floors in addition to the fire floor. At this time, mechanical smoke exhaust from the general room 2 is continued so that the smoke does not flow out to the evacuation stairs side. When the temperature of the general room 2 becomes high, the smoke exhaust from the general room 2 is stopped, and when the smoke leaks to the adjacent room 3, mechanical smoke is discharged from the adjacent room 3.

Mid-fire stage: Fire 110 progresses and evacuees on non-fire floors evacuate. At this time, the air supply device 102 is activated to prevent smoke from leaking to the evacuation stairs. In the "early stage of fire 2" and "mid-stage of fire", fire extinguishing activities are appropriately carried out by the fire brigade.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-145539

However, due to the high airtightness of buildings in recent years, the pressure on the general room 2 and adjacent room 3 side decreases due to mechanical smoke exhaust in "fire initial stage 1" and "fire initial stage 2", and the evacuation stairs A pressure difference is generated across the smoke shield opening 26 provided at the entrance / exit 25 between the annex 4 and the adjacent chamber 3. Since the smoke-shielding opening 26 to the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 is of a type that pushes open toward the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 side in the evacuation direction, the pressure of the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 is excessive compared to the pressure of the adjacent room 3. If it is too high, there is a possibility that an obstacle (opening obstacle) in which the smoke shield opening 26 cannot be opened may occur. When the opening of the smoke shield opening 26 is obstructed, the evacuees 100 on the fire floor cannot reach the evacuation stairs, the fire brigade cannot enter the adjacent room 3 from the evacuation stairs attached room 4, and so on. Actions and fire extinguishing activities may be hindered.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is a pressurized smoke proofing / exhausting facility, a building, and a pressurized smoke proofing / exhausting facility capable of suppressing an opening obstacle of a smoke blocking opening in the event of a fire. The purpose is to provide a method for designing equipment.

The pressurized smoke prevention equipment that solves the above problems includes a connection room connected to the evacuation staircase attachment room and a door that opens to the evacuation staircase attachment room side provided on a wall that blocks the evacuation staircase attachment room and the connection room. The smoke shield opening, the mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection chamber, and the natural smoke exhaust port provided in the connection chamber and exhausting the air flowing from the evacuation staircase attachment room by a natural exhaust type. It is a pressurized smoke prevention equipment in a building to be provided, and includes a smoke exhaust device for forcibly discharging smoke in the connection room from the mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room to the outside of the building, and an evacuation staircase. An air supply device for forcibly supplying outside air to the evacuation staircase attachment room from an air supply port provided in the room is provided, and the natural smoke exhaust port is opened when the smoke exhaust device is operating. The outside air is supplied to the connection chamber.

According to the above configuration, the natural smoke exhaust port for exhausting air can be used as an inflow path for outside air by opening the smoke exhaust port when the smoke exhaust device is operating. As a result, the air supply path is secured even after the smoke exhaust device is activated and before the air supply device is activated, so that the connection chamber is not excessively decompressed. Therefore, since the occurrence of the opening obstacle of the smoke shield opening is suppressed, the evacuees can be surely reached to the evacuation stairs. In addition, since the fire brigade can easily enter the connection room from the room attached to the evacuation stairs, fire extinguishing activities can be carried out smoothly.

It is preferable that the pressurized smoke prevention equipment further includes a control device that opens the natural smoke exhaust port and the mechanical smoke exhaust port in conjunction with the activation of the smoke exhaust device.
According to the above configuration, the natural smoke exhaust port can be opened at an appropriate timing without providing a new device such as a pressure sensor.

The building that solves the above problems is located on the side of the evacuation staircase attachment room, the connection room connected to the evacuation staircase attachment room, and the evacuation staircase attachment room provided on the wall that blocks the evacuation staircase attachment room and the connection room. The smoke-shielding opening made of an opening door, a mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection chamber, and a natural smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room and exhausting air flowing from the evacuation staircase attachment room by a natural exhaust type. A smoke exhaust device for forcibly discharging smoke in the connection room to the outside of the building from the mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room, and a smoke exhaust device provided in the evacuation staircase attachment room. An air supply device for forcibly supplying outside air from the air supply port to the room attached to the evacuation staircase is provided, and when the smoke exhaust device is operating, the natural smoke exhaust port is opened to supply the outside air to the connection room. Supply to.

The method of designing the natural smoke exhaust port of the pressurized smoke prevention and exhaust equipment to solve the above problem is the method of designing the natural smoke exhaust port of the pressurized smoke prevention and exhaust equipment, and the connection room connected to the evacuation staircase attachment room and the connection room. The smoke-shielding opening formed by a door that opens toward the evacuation staircase attachment room side provided on a wall that blocks the evacuation staircase attachment room and the connection room, and a mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room, and the connection. A method for designing the natural smoke exhaust port in a pressurized smoke prevention facility provided in a room and provided with a natural smoke exhaust port for exhausting air flowing from the evacuation staircase attachment room by a natural exhaust type, wherein the smoke shield opening is provided. The step of calculating the pressure difference for suppressing the opening obstacle of the smoke shield opening based on the design value of the above and the opening force capable of opening the smoke shield opening without any trouble, and the pressure difference and the exhaust device of the exhaust device. It includes a step of calculating an effective opening area based on the exhaust air volume.

According to the above configuration, since the effective opening area of the natural smoke exhaust port is calculated by using the design value of the smoke shield opening and the opening force capable of opening the smoke shield opening without any trouble, the opening obstacle of the smoke shield opening is obstructed. Can be prevented more reliably.

The design method further includes a step of setting a larger area of the predetermined effective opening area and the effective opening area calculated based on the pressure difference and the exhaust air volume of the exhaust device as the effective opening area.

According to the above configuration, a larger area of the predetermined effective opening area and the effective opening area calculated by using the design value of the smoke-shielding opening and the opening force capable of opening the smoke-shielding opening without any trouble is effective. The opening area. Therefore, it is possible to more reliably prevent the opening obstacle of the smoke shield opening.

According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress an obstacle to opening the smoke shield opening when a fire occurs.

The plan view which shows the outline of the building which adopted the pressure smoke prevention equipment in one Embodiment of this invention. The cross-sectional view which shows typically the building in the same embodiment. The schematic diagram which shows the operation of the pressure smoke prevention equipment of the fire initial stage 1 of the same embodiment. The schematic diagram which shows the operation of the pressure smoke prevention equipment of the fire initial stage 2 of the same embodiment. The schematic diagram which shows the operation of the pressure smoke prevention equipment in the middle stage of a fire of the same embodiment. The graph which shows the air volume change and the temperature change when the pressurized smoke prevention equipment of the same embodiment operates. The schematic diagram which shows the operation of the conventional pressure smoke prevention equipment.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the building 1 includes a general room 2, an adjacent room 3, an evacuation staircase room 5, and an evacuation staircase attachment room 4. The general room 2 is an office, a store, or the like used by evacuees. The general room 2 can also be used by being separated by a wall 20 shown by a broken line in the figure. The adjacent room 3 is a corridor or the like provided between the general room 2 and the room 4 attached to the evacuation stairs. A door 22 is provided in the opening 21 between the general room 2 and the adjacent room 3. The door 22 opens to the general room 2 side as shown in FIG. The section between the general room 2 and the adjacent room 3 is a fireproof section.

A smoke-shielding opening 26 formed of a door that opens on the side of the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 is provided at the entrance / exit 25 between the adjacent room 3 and the evacuation staircase attachment room 4. The evacuation staircase attachment room 4 is used as a fire extinguishing activity base. A door 27 that opens on the side of the evacuation staircase 5 is provided between the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 and the evacuation staircase room 5. In the building 1 of the present embodiment, the general room 2 and the adjacent room 3 correspond to the connection room 6 connected to the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 via the doorway 25.

Next, the pressurized smoke prevention equipment 30 provided in the building 1 will be described. The pressurized smoke prevention and exhaust equipment 30 includes mechanical smoke exhaust ports 33 and 35, a smoke exhaust air passage 34, and a smoke exhaust device 36. The mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 is provided in the general room 2. The smoke exhaust device 36 is for mechanically exhausting smoke such as a fan, and operates in the event of a fire to suck the smoke of the general room 2 through the smoke exhaust air passage 34, and to suck the smoke of the general room 2 through the smoke exhaust air passage 34. Forcibly discharge to the outside. Further, the mechanical smoke exhaust port 35 provided in the adjacent chamber 3 is connected to the smoke exhaust air passage 34. A fire damper 37 is provided in the middle of the smoke exhaust air passage 34. When the smoke exhaust air from the general room 2 becomes hot, the fire prevention damper 37 operates, the smoke exhaust from the mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 is stopped, and the path is switched to the smoke exhaust port 35.

Further, the pressurized smoke prevention / exhaust facility 30 includes an air supply device 38, an air supply air passage 39, and an air supply port 41. The air supply device 38 supplies outside air, which is fresh air sucked from the outside of the building 1, to the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 from the air supply port 41 via the air supply air passage 39.

Further, the adjacent room 3 is provided with a natural smoke exhaust port 40 that exhausts the air flowing from the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 by a natural exhaust type without using a fan or the like. The natural smoke exhaust port 40 may be provided on the wall of the adjacent room 3 or may be provided on the ceiling. The natural smoke exhaust port 40 is opened when the smoke exhaust device 36 is activated, and is closed except for the situation. As a method of discharging the supply air flowing from the evacuation staircase attachment room 4, a method of mechanical smoke exhaust may be used separately.

As shown in FIG. 2, the pressurized smoke prevention equipment 30 includes a control device 50. The control device 50 operates the smoke exhaust device 36 and the air supply device 38. Further, the control device 50 opens the natural smoke exhaust port 40. Further, the control device 50 inputs a smoke detection signal output from a smoke detector 43 installed in the general room 2 or the adjacent room 3. When the control device 50 receives the detection signal from the smoke detector 43, the control device 50 operates the smoke exhaust device 36. The fire damper 37 automatically closes the path from the mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 of the general room 2 to the smoke exhaust device 36 when the air sucked from the general room 2 reaches a predetermined temperature or higher. After that, if smoke leaks to the adjacent chamber 3, the mechanical smoke exhaust port 35 of the adjacent chamber 3 is opened, and the path from the mechanical smoke exhaust port 35 to the smoke exhaust device 36 is opened. When a general room 2 and an adjacent room 3 are planned as connection rooms, it is preferable that the natural smoke exhaust port 40 is provided in the adjacent room 3, and the mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 is either the general room 2 or the adjacent room 3. It may be provided in either room or both rooms, but if the amount of smoke discharged from the general room 2 is larger than the amount of smoke discharged from the adjacent room 3, the amount of smoke leaked to the adjacent room 3 at the initial stage of the fire will be increased. It is desirable because it can be reduced.

Further, a pressure adjusting device 42 is provided on the wall between the adjacent room 3 and the evacuation staircase attachment room 4. The pressure adjusting device 42 includes an armor window and a pressure adjusting damper, and adjusts an excessive pressure rise in the evacuation staircase attachment chamber 4. The pressure adjusting device 42 may be provided in the smoke shield opening 26.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5, the operation of the pressurized smoke proofing and exhausting equipment 30 will be described for each stage when a fire breaks out.
(Initial stage of fire 1)
As shown in FIG. 3, when a fire 110 occurs in the general room 2, the smoke detector 43 detects the generation of smoke and outputs a detection signal to the control device 50. When the control device 50 inputs the detection signal, the control device 50 outputs a start signal to the smoke exhaust device 36 to operate the smoke exhaust device 36, and starts exhausting smoke from the mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 of the general room 2.

The control device 50 opens the natural smoke exhaust port 40 in conjunction with the activation of the smoke exhaust device 36. That is, the control device 50 may open the natural smoke exhaust port 40 together with the output of the start signal of the smoke exhaust device 36, or open the natural smoke exhaust port 40 after detecting the smoke exhaust operation of the smoke exhaust device 36. You may. Since the adjacent room 3 is decompressed by the smoke exhaust, the outside air is supplied from the natural smoke exhaust port 40. As a result, the pressure on the adjacent chamber 3 and the general chamber 2 side does not drop extremely, and an excessive pressure difference is not applied to the smoke shield opening 26, so that it is possible to suppress the occurrence of an opening failure of the smoke shield opening 26. Can be done. As a result, the evacuee 100 can move to the evacuation staircase room 5 via the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 by opening the smoke shield opening 26.

(Fire initial stage 2)
As shown in FIG. 4, when the space temperature of the general room 2 reaches a predetermined temperature (for example, 280 ° C.), the fire damper 37 closes the path on the mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 side, and the mechanical smoke exhaust port 35 on the adjacent room 3 side. Smoke is exhausted from. The natural smoke exhaust port 40 maintains an open state. As a result, the pressure in the adjacent chamber 3 where the smoke is exhausted does not drop extremely, so that the opening obstacle of the smoke shield opening 26 can be suppressed even at this stage.

(Mid-term fire stage)
As shown in FIG. 5, the fire brigade (not shown) arrives at the building 1, and the manual activation device (not shown) of the air supply device 38 is operated. In this case, the control device 50 activates the air supply device 38 to supply outside air to the evacuation staircase attachment room 4. The outside air supplied to the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 is supplied to the adjacent room 3 through the entrance / exit 25, and is discharged from the natural smoke exhaust port 40, or the natural smoke exhaust port 40 and the mechanical smoke exhaust port 35. Therefore, a pressure difference is generated between the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 and the adjacent room 3 to prevent smoke from leaking into the evacuation staircase attachment room 4. At this time, the temperature on the general chamber 2 side becomes high, the air expands and the pressure increases, and when the smoke shield opening 26 is closed, the pressure adjusting device 42 relaxes the pressure difference, so that the smoke shield opening No 26 open obstacles occur. The fire brigade uses fire extinguishing equipment 44 and the like to perform fire extinguishing activities such as water discharge in the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 or the adjacent room 3.

FIG. 6 shows changes in air volume and temperature in the process from “before the fire” to “mid-stage fire”. The smoke exhaust curve 51 shows the amount of smoke exhaust air discharged by the smoke exhaust device 36 (m ³ / min), and the air supply curve 52 shows the change in ^{the air supply air volume (m 3 / min) supplied by the air supply device 38.} Further, the temperature curve 53 shows the temperature change of the general room 2 (fire room) where the fire occurred. "Before generation", the smoke exhaust device 36 and the air supply device 38 are not operating. In the initial stage of the fire including the "initial stage 1 of the fire" and the "initial stage of the fire 2", only the smoke exhaust device 36 operates, so that only the smoke exhaust air volume increases as shown in the smoke exhaust curve 51, but the natural smoke exhaust. By opening the mouth 40, it is possible to prevent an excessive pressure difference from being generated inside and outside the smoke shield opening 26 provided at the entrance / exit 25. When the air supply device 38 is activated in the "mid-fire stage", the air supply air volume increases as shown in the air supply curve 52. At this time, in FIG. 6, there is an air volume difference 54 between the flue gas air volume and the intake air volume, but since the general chamber 2 is hot and the air is expanding, the pressure difference is small and the state is close to equilibrium. ..

Next, a method of designing the natural smoke exhaust port 40 will be described. In order to suppress the opening obstacle of the smoke shield opening 26, it is necessary to supply an appropriate amount of air from the natural smoke exhaust port 40. In order to supply an appropriate amount of air from the natural smoke exhaust port 40, it is necessary to appropriately calculate the effective opening area of the natural smoke exhaust port 40. The calculation method of this effective opening area will be described in detail.

First, the pressure difference ΔP that can suppress the opening obstacle of the smoke blocking opening 26 is calculated from the design value of the smoke blocking opening 26 and the opening force that allows the evacuees and firefighters to open the smoke blocking opening 26 without any trouble. ..

「Ｂ」は遮煙開口部２６の幅（ｍ）、「Ｈ」は遮煙開口部２６の高さ、「ｄ」はドアノブから遮煙開口部２６の回動端であるヒンジまでの距離（ｍ）である。「Ｆ」は、避難者や消防隊員が遮煙開口部２６を支障なく開放できる開放力を示す。「Ｍ」は、ドアクローザーのトルク（Ｎ・ｍ）を示す。

“B” is the width (m) of the smoke-shielding opening 26, “H” is the height of the smoke-shielding opening 26, and “d” is the distance from the doorknob to the hinge which is the rotating end of the smoke-shielding opening 26 ( m). “F” indicates an opening force that allows evacuees and firefighters to open the smoke shield opening 26 without any trouble. "M" indicates the torque (Nm) of the door closer.

Next, the effective opening area .alpha.A _F required when the pressure differential across the Saegikemuri opening 26 as "ΔP" is calculated using the following equation based on the exhaust air volume (2).

「α」は流量係数を示す。「Ｖｅ」は火災時に一般室2および隣接室３で開放される（同時開放も含む）機械排煙風量の最大値（ＣＭＨ）、「ρ」は空気密度（ｋｇ／ｍ^３）である。

“Α” indicates a flow coefficient. “Ve” is the maximum value (CMH) of the mechanical flue gas volume (CMH) that is opened in the general room 2 and the adjacent room 3 (including simultaneous opening) in the event of a fire, and “ρ” is the air density (kg / m ³ ).

Further, as shown in the formula (3), the larger of the effective opening area defined as the natural smoke exhaust port of the pressurized smoke prevention equipment in the Building Standards Act and the effective opening area αA _F is defined as the effective opening area αAe. Identify.

「０．７」は、出入口２５を単純開口した場合の流量係数である。Ａ_Ｐは、建建築基準法において加圧防排煙設備の空気逃し口（自然排煙口）として規定されている数値である。このように大きい方の有効開口面積を、自然排煙口４０の有効開口面積とするので、より確実に遮煙開口部２６の開放障害を抑制することができる。

"0.7" is a flow coefficient when the doorway 25 is simply opened. A _P is the numerical value which is defined as a vulcanizing圧防smoke equipment air escape opening (natural smoke outlet) in construction building codes. Since the larger effective opening area is set as the effective opening area of the natural smoke exhaust port 40, it is possible to more reliably suppress the opening obstacle of the smoke shielding opening 26.

As described above, according to the above embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The natural smoke exhaust port 40 can be used as an inflow path for outside air by opening the smoke exhaust device 36 while the smoke exhaust device 36 is performing the smoke exhaust operation. As a result, the general room 2 and the adjacent room 3 connected to the general room 2 are not excessively decompressed, so that the occurrence of an opening failure of the smoke shield opening 26 can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to ensure that the evacuees can reach the evacuation staircase room 5. In addition, since the fire brigade can easily rush from the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 to the adjacent room 3 side, fire extinguishing activities can be carried out smoothly.

(2) The control device 50 newly adds a pressure sensor or the like for determining the pressure difference before and after the smoke shield opening 26 in order to open the closed natural smoke exhaust port 40 when the smoke exhaust device 36 is activated. The natural smoke exhaust port 40 can be opened at an appropriate timing without installing the smoke exhaust port 40.

(3) The natural smoke exhaust port 40 is opened when the smoke exhaust from the general room 2 is started. That is, since the outside air is supplied to the adjacent room 3 through the natural smoke exhaust port 40 immediately after the fire, it is possible to suppress the opening obstacle of the smoke shield opening 26 at an early stage.

(4) The pressure difference is calculated using the design value of the smoke shield opening 26 and the opening force that can open the smoke shield opening 26 without any trouble, and the effective opening area of the natural smoke exhaust port 40 is calculated using the pressure difference. For the calculation, the effective opening area can be set to match the building 1 as compared with the case where the specified value of the natural smoke exhaust port 40 is uniformly applied. Therefore, it is possible to more reliably prevent the opening obstacle of the smoke shield opening 26.

(5) The larger area of the predetermined effective opening area and the effective opening area calculated by using the design value of the smoke-shielding opening 26 and the opening force capable of opening the smoke-shielding opening 26 without any trouble is used as the effective opening. The area. Therefore, it is possible to more reliably prevent the opening obstacle of the smoke shield opening 26.

The above embodiment can be modified and implemented as follows. Each embodiment and the following modified examples can be implemented in combination with each other within a technically consistent range.
-In the above embodiment, the natural smoke exhaust port 40 is opened at the same time as the smoke exhaust device 36 is activated. Instead of this, the natural smoke exhaust port 40 may be opened after a lapse of a predetermined time after the smoke exhaust device 36 is activated or in conjunction with the opening of the door 22 of the general room 2. Alternatively, the natural smoke exhaust port 40 may be opened when the control device 50 inputs the detection signal output from the smoke detector 43.

-In the above embodiment, the natural smoke exhaust port 40 is opened by the control of the control device 50. Instead of this, a mechanism for opening the natural smoke exhaust port 40 may be provided in conjunction with the operation of the smoke exhaust device 36. In short, it suffices if the natural smoke exhaust port 40 can be opened to supply outside air to the adjacent room 3 while the smoke exhaust device 36 is performing the smoke exhaust operation.

The control device that operates the smoke exhaust device 36 and the control device that opens and closes the natural smoke exhaust port 40 may be different devices. In this aspect, a command for opening the natural smoke exhaust port 40 is output from the control device that operates the smoke exhaust device 36 to the control device that opens and closes the natural smoke exhaust port 40.

-The mechanical smoke exhaust port 35 provided in the adjacent room 3 has a function for mechanically exhausting smoke in the initial stage of the fire, and an air escape that discharges supply air when pressurized intake air is performed in the middle stage of the fire. It may function as a mouth. In this case, the supply air is discharged from the natural smoke exhaust port 40 and the mechanical smoke exhaust port 35.

-In the above embodiment, the smoke exhaust air passage 34 is provided with a fire damper 37 that automatically closes when the smoke exhaust air becomes hot. Instead of the fire damper 37, a motor damper that does not close even when the flue gas becomes high temperature may be used. When a motor damper is used, the motor damper may be operated when pressurized intake air is performed in the middle stage of the fire, and the supply air may be discharged through the mechanical smoke exhaust port 33. That is, the mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 may also serve as an air escape port. Further, for example, when the pressurized smoke prevention / exhaust equipment 30 is installed in a place other than the fire prevention section, a damper such as a fire prevention damper 37 may not be installed in the smoke exhaust air passage 34.

-In the above embodiment, the pressurized smoke proofing and exhausting equipment 30 is configured to be provided with one smoke evacuating device 36. Instead of this, one (or a plurality) of smoke exhaust devices for exhausting smoke from the general room 2 and one smoke exhaust device for exhausting smoke from the adjacent room 3 may be provided. Then, when the temperature of the air sucked from the general room 2 reaches a predetermined temperature, the smoke exhaust device that exhausts the smoke in the general room 2 is stopped or the damper is closed to exhaust the smoke in the adjacent room 3. The smoke evacuator may be activated.

-In the above embodiment, it is assumed that the door 22 of the general room 2 is opened to the general room 2 side. Instead of this, the door 22 may be opened to the adjacent room 3 side. In this embodiment, the natural smoke exhaust port 40 may be provided in the general room 2 in order to suppress the opening obstacle of the door 22 of the general room 2.

-In the above embodiment, the building 1 to which the pressurized smoke prevention equipment 30 is applied has a structure including a general room 2 and an adjacent room 3 adjacent to the general room 2, and the adjacent room 3 and the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 are provided. Was connected. Instead of this, the pressurized smoke prevention / exhaust equipment 30 may be applied to a building in which the general room 2 and the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 are connected without providing the adjacent room 3. In this case, the general room 2 corresponds to the connection room connected to the evacuation staircase attachment room 4 via the entrance / exit 25, and the general room 2 is provided with the natural smoke exhaust port 40.

1 ... building, 2 ... general room, 3 ... adjacent room, 4 ... evacuation staircase room, 5 ... evacuation staircase room, 6 ... connection room, 20 ... wall, 21 ... opening, 22 ... door, 25 ... doorway, 26 ... Smoke shield opening, 27 ... Door, 30 ... Pressurized smoke prevention equipment, 33 ... Mechanical smoke exhaust port, 34 ... Smoke exhaust air duct, 35 ... Mechanical smoke exhaust port, 36 ... Smoke exhaust device, 37 ... Fire prevention damper , 38 ... Air supply device, 39 ... Air supply air duct, 40 ... Natural smoke exhaust port, 41 ... Air supply port, 42 ... Pressure regulator, 43 ... Smoke detector, 50 ... Control device, 51 ... Smoke exhaust curve , 52 ... Air supply curve, 53 ... Air volume difference, 53 ... Temperature curve, 100 ... Evacuees, 101 ... Smoke exhaust device, 102 ... Air supply device.

Claims (5)

Evacuation stairs attached room and
The connection room connected to the evacuation staircase attachment room and
A smoke-shielding opening provided on a wall that blocks the evacuation staircase attachment room and the connection room, and a door that opens toward the evacuation staircase attachment room side.
The mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection chamber and
It is a pressurized smoke prevention equipment in a building provided in the connection room and provided with a natural smoke exhaust port for exhausting air flowing from the evacuation staircase attachment room by a natural exhaust type.
A smoke exhaust device for forcibly discharging smoke in the connection chamber to the outside of the building from the mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection chamber.
An air supply device for forcibly supplying outside air to the evacuation staircase attachment room from an air supply port provided in the evacuation staircase attachment room is provided.
A pressurized smoke evacuating facility that opens the natural flue gas outlet to supply outside air to the connection chamber when the flue gas evacuating device is operating. The pressurized smoke prevention equipment according to claim 1, further comprising a control device for opening the natural smoke exhaust port and the mechanical smoke exhaust port in conjunction with the activation of the smoke exhaust device. Evacuation stairs attached room and
The connection room connected to the evacuation staircase attachment room and
A smoke-shielding opening provided on a wall that blocks the evacuation staircase attachment room and the connection room, and a door that opens toward the evacuation staircase attachment room side.
A building provided with a mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room and a natural smoke exhaust port that exhausts air flowing from the evacuation staircase attachment room by a natural exhaust system.
A smoke exhaust device for forcibly discharging smoke in the connection chamber to the outside of the building from the mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection chamber.
An air supply device for forcibly supplying outside air to the evacuation staircase attachment room from an air supply port provided in the evacuation staircase attachment room is provided.
A building in which the natural smoke exhaust port is opened to supply outside air to the connection room when the smoke exhaust device is operating. It is a design method of pressurized smoke prevention equipment.
The pressurized smoke prevention equipment includes a connection room connected to the evacuation staircase attachment room and a smoke shield provided on a wall that blocks the evacuation staircase attachment room and the connection room and opens to the evacuation staircase attachment room side. It is provided in a building provided with an opening, a mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room, and a natural smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room and exhausting air flowing from the evacuation staircase attachment room by a natural exhaust type.
A step of calculating a pressure difference for suppressing an opening obstacle of the smoke-shielding opening based on a design value of the smoke-shielding opening and an opening force capable of opening the smoke-shielding opening without any trouble, and a step of calculating the pressure difference.
A method for designing a pressurized smoke proof / exhaust facility, comprising a step of calculating an effective opening area of the natural flue gas port based on the pressure difference and the exhaust air volume of an exhaust device that exhausts smoke from the connection chamber. The addition according to claim 4, further comprising a step of setting a larger area of the predetermined effective opening area and the effective opening area calculated based on the pressure difference and the exhaust air volume of the exhaust device as the effective opening area. How to design pressure-proof and smoke-proof equipment.

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