JP7443896B2 - Pressurized smoke prevention equipment, building and pressurized smoke prevention equipment design method - Google Patents
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims description 260
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、加圧防排煙設備、建物及び加圧防排煙設備の設計方法に関する。 The present invention relates to pressurized smoke prevention equipment, a building, and a method for designing pressurized smoke prevention equipment.
火災により発生する煙を制御するシステムの一つとして、加圧防排煙設備が知られている。加圧防排煙設備は、火災が発生した一般室（居室等）又は隣接室（廊下等）を排気するとともに、避難階段に隣接する避難階段附室に外気を給気し避難階段附室から隣接室へ向かう空気の流れを形成することで、避難階段附室への漏煙を防止する（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 Pressurized smoke prevention equipment is known as one of the systems for controlling smoke generated by fire. Pressurized smoke prevention equipment exhausts the general room (living room, etc.) or adjacent room (corridor, etc.) where the fire occurred, and also supplies outside air to the evacuation stairway annex adjacent to the evacuation stairway. By forming a flow of air toward the adjacent room, smoke leakage to the room attached to the evacuation staircase is prevented (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
図７に示すように、加圧防排煙設備の一例として、建物１の一般室２や隣接室３を強制的に排気する排煙装置１０１と、避難階段附室４に給気を行う給気装置１０２とを備えるものがある。以下に、火災発生時に行われるべき避難及び煙制御を段階別に示す。 As shown in FIG. 7, examples of the pressurized smoke prevention equipment include a smoke exhaust system 101 that forcibly exhausts the general room 2 and adjacent rooms 3 of the building 1, and a smoke exhaust system 101 that forcibly exhausts the general room 2 and adjacent rooms 3 of the building 1, and a gas exhaust system that supplies air to the evacuation stair annex 4. Some devices are equipped with an air device 102. The evacuation and smoke control that should be carried out in the event of a fire are shown below in stages.
火災初期段階１：火災１１０が発生した一般室２を含む火災階から避難者が避難する。また、排煙装置１０１が起動して一般室２の機械排煙が開始される。
火災初期段階２：火災階に加え非被災階から避難者が避難する。このとき、煙が避難階段側へ流出しないように、一般室２の機械排煙が継続される。一般室２が高温になることで一般室２からの排煙が停止し、隣接室3へ煙が漏れ出た場合には、隣接室３から機械排煙が行われる。
Fire initial stage 1: Evacuees evacuate from the fire floor including the general room 2 where the fire 110 occurred. Further, the smoke evacuation device 101 is activated and mechanical smoke evacuation from the general room 2 is started.
Fire initial stage 2: Evacuees evacuate from non-affected floors in addition to the fire floor. At this time, mechanical smoke evacuation from the general room 2 is continued to prevent smoke from flowing toward the evacuation stairs. When the temperature of the general room 2 increases, smoke exhaust from the general room 2 stops, and smoke leaks into the adjacent room 3, mechanical smoke exhaust is performed from the adjacent room 3.
火災中期段階：火災１１０が進み、非火災階の避難者が避難する。このとき、避難階段への漏煙を防止するため給気装置１０２が起動する。なお、「火災初期段階２」や「火災中期段階」においては消防隊による消火活動が適宜行われる。 Fire middle stage: Fire 110 progresses and evacuees on non-fire floors evacuate. At this time, the air supply device 102 is activated to prevent smoke from leaking into the evacuation stairs. In addition, fire extinguishing activities are carried out by the fire brigade as appropriate during the "early fire stage 2" and "middle stage of fire."
しかし、近年の建物では気密性が高いために、「火災初期段階１」及び「火災初期段階２」において機械排煙を行うことにより一般室２や隣接室3側の圧力が低下し、避難階段附室４と隣接室３との間の出入口２５に設けられた遮煙開口部２６を挟んで圧力差が生じる。避難階段附室４への遮煙開口部２６は、避難方向である避難階段附室４側に押し開くタイプのものであるため、避難階段附室４の圧力が隣接室３の圧力に比べ過度に高いと、遮煙開口部２６が開放できない障害（開放障害）が発生する可能性がある。遮煙開口部２６の開放障害が生じると、火災階の避難者１００が避難階段に辿り着けない事象や、消防隊が避難階段附室４から隣接室３へ突入できない事象等が発生し、避難行動や消火活動が妨げられるおそれがある。 However, due to the high airtightness of buildings in recent years, mechanical smoke evacuation during "fire initial stage 1" and "fire initial stage 2" lowers the pressure in the general room 2 and adjacent room 3, causing the evacuation stairs to A pressure difference occurs across the smoke-blocking opening 26 provided at the entrance/exit 25 between the annex 4 and the adjacent room 3. The smoke-blocking opening 26 to the evacuation stairway annexe 4 is of the type that pushes open toward the evacuation stairway annexe 4 side, which is the evacuation direction, so the pressure in the evacuation stairway annexe 4 is excessive compared to the pressure in the adjacent room 3. If the temperature is too high, there is a possibility that a problem will occur in which the smoke shielding opening 26 cannot be opened (opening problem). If a failure occurs in opening the smoke opening 26, an event may occur in which the evacuee 100 on the fire floor cannot reach the evacuation stairs, or the fire brigade cannot enter the adjacent room 3 from the evacuation stairway annex 4, etc. Actions and firefighting efforts may be hindered.
本発明は、上記問題点を解決するものであり、その目的は、火災発生時に遮煙開口部の開放障害を抑制することを可能とする加圧防排煙設備、建物及び加圧防排煙設備の設計方法を提供することにある。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a pressurized smoke prevention equipment, a building, and a pressurized smoke prevention system that can suppress the failure to open a smoke shield opening in the event of a fire. The objective is to provide a method for designing equipment.
上記課題を解決する加圧防排煙設備は、避難階段附室に接続する接続室と、前記避難階段附室と前記接続室とを遮る壁に設けられた前記避難階段附室側に開く扉からなる前記遮煙開口部と、前記接続室に設けられた機械排煙口と、前記接続室に設けられ、前記避難階段附室から流れる空気を自然排気式で排出する自然排煙口とを備える建物における加圧防排煙設備であって、前記接続室に設けられた前記機械排煙口から前記接続室内の煙を前記建物外へ強制的に排出する排煙装置と、前記避難階段附室に設けられた給気口から前記避難階段附室に外気を強制的に供給する給気装置と、を備え、前記排煙装置が作動しているときに前記自然排煙口を開放して外気を前記接続室に供給する。 The pressurized smoke prevention equipment that solves the above problems includes a connection room that connects to the evacuation stairway annex, and a door that opens toward the evacuation stairway annex and is provided on a wall that blocks the evacuation stairway annex and the connection room. a mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room; and a natural smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room that discharges air flowing from the evacuation stairway annex in a natural exhaust manner. Pressurized smoke prevention equipment for a building equipped with a smoke exhaust device for forcibly exhausting smoke in the connection room to the outside of the building from the mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room; an air supply device that forcibly supplies outside air to the evacuation staircase annex from an air supply port provided in the room, and opens the natural smoke exhaust port when the smoke exhaust device is operating. Outside air is supplied to the connection chamber.
上記構成によれば、空気を排出するための自然排煙口を、排煙装置が作動しているときに開放することで外気の流入経路として利用することができる。これにより、排煙装置の起動後であって給気装置が起動する以前においても給気経路が確保されるので、接続室が過度に減圧されない。よって、遮煙開口部の開放障害の発生が抑制されるため、避難者を避難階段に確実に辿り着けるようにすることができる。また、消防隊が避難階段附室から接続室へ突入しやすいので消火活動を円滑に行うことができる。 According to the above configuration, by opening the natural smoke exhaust port for discharging air when the smoke exhaust device is operating, it can be used as an inflow path for outside air. As a result, the air supply path is secured even after the smoke evacuation device is activated but before the air supply device is activated, so that the connection chamber is not excessively depressurized. Therefore, the occurrence of failure to open the smoke shielding opening is suppressed, so that evacuees can be reliably reached the evacuation stairs. In addition, since the fire brigade can easily enter the connecting room from the evacuation stairway annex, firefighting operations can be carried out smoothly.
上記加圧防排煙設備について、前記排煙装置の起動に連動して、前記自然排煙口及び前記機械排煙口を開放する制御装置をさらに備えることが好ましい。
上記構成によれば、圧力センサ等の新たな装置を設けることなく、適切なタイミングで自然排煙口を開放することができる。
It is preferable that the pressurized smoke prevention equipment further includes a control device that opens the natural smoke exhaust port and the mechanical smoke exhaust port in conjunction with activation of the smoke exhaust device.
According to the above configuration, the natural smoke exhaust port can be opened at an appropriate timing without providing a new device such as a pressure sensor.
上記課題を解決する建物は、避難階段附室と、前記避難階段附室に接続する接続室と、前記避難階段附室と前記接続室とを遮る壁に設けられた前記避難階段附室側に開く扉からなる前記遮煙開口部と、前記接続室に設けられた機械排煙口と、前記接続室に設けられ、前記避難階段附室から流れる空気を自然排気式で排出する自然排煙口とを備える建物であって、前記接続室に設けられた前記機械排煙口から前記接続室内の煙を前記建物外へ強制的に排出する排煙装置と、前記避難階段附室に設けられた給気口から前記避難階段附室に外気を強制的に供給する給気装置と、を備え、前記排煙装置が作動しているときに前記自然排煙口を開放して外気を前記接続室に供給する。 A building that solves the above problems includes an evacuation stair annex, a connecting room that connects to the evacuation stair annex, and a wall that blocks the evacuation stair annex from the evacuation stair annex and the connecting room. the smoke-shielding opening consisting of a door that opens; a mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room; and a natural smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room that exhausts air flowing from the evacuation staircase annex in a natural exhaust manner. A building comprising: a smoke exhaust device for forcibly exhausting smoke in the connection room to the outside of the building from the mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room; and a smoke exhaust device provided in the evacuation staircase annex. an air supply device that forcibly supplies outside air from the air supply port to the room attached to the evacuation stairs, and when the smoke exhaust device is operating, the natural smoke exhaust port is opened to supply outside air to the connection room. supply to.
上記課題を解決する加圧防排煙設備の自然排煙口の設計方法は、加圧防排煙設備の自然排煙口の設計方法であって、避難階段附室に接続する接続室と、前記避難階段附室と前記接続室とを遮る壁に設けられた前記避難階段附室側に開く扉からなる前記遮煙開口部と、前記接続室に設けられた機械排煙口と、前記接続室に設けられ前記避難階段附室から流れる空気を自然排気式で排出する自然排煙口とを備える加圧防排煙設備における前記自然排煙口の設計方法であって、前記遮煙開口部の設計値と前記遮煙開口部を支障なく開放できる開放力とに基づいて、前記遮煙開口部の開放障害を抑制するための圧力差を算出する工程と、前記圧力差と前記排気装置の排気風量とに基づき、有効開口面積を算出する工程と、を含む。 A method for designing a natural smoke exhaust port for pressurized smoke prevention equipment that solves the above problem is a method for designing a natural smoke exhaust port for pressurized smoke prevention equipment, which includes a connecting room connected to an annex of an evacuation staircase, the smoke-blocking opening, which is a door that opens toward the evacuation stairway annex and is provided on a wall that blocks the evacuation stairway annex and the connection room; the mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room; and the connection A method for designing a natural smoke exhaust port in a pressurized smoke prevention equipment that is provided in a room and discharges air flowing from the evacuation stair annex in a natural exhaust manner, the smoke shielding opening a step of calculating a pressure difference for suppressing opening failure of the smoke shielding opening based on a design value of and an opening force that allows the smoke shielding opening to be opened without any trouble; and calculating an effective opening area based on the exhaust air volume.
上記構成によれば、遮煙開口部の設計値と遮煙開口部を支障なく開放できる開放力とを用いて、自然排煙口の有効開口面積を算出するため、遮煙開口部の開放障害をより確実に防ぐことができる。 According to the above configuration, the effective opening area of the natural smoke exhaust port is calculated using the design value of the smoke blocking opening and the opening force that allows the smoke blocking opening to be opened without any problem. can be more reliably prevented.
上記設計方法について、予め規定された有効開口面積と、前記圧力差と前記排気装置の排気風量とに基づき算出した有効開口面積とのうち大きい面積を有効開口面積とする工程をさらに備える。 The above design method further includes the step of setting a larger area between a predefined effective opening area and an effective opening area calculated based on the pressure difference and the exhaust air volume of the exhaust device as the effective opening area.
上記構成によれば、予め規定された有効開口面積と、遮煙開口部の設計値と遮煙開口部を支障なく開放できる開放力とを用いて算出した有効開口面積とのうち大きい面積を有効開口面積とする。このため、遮煙開口部の開放障害をより確実に防ぐことができる。 According to the above configuration, the larger of the predefined effective opening area and the effective opening area calculated using the design value of the smoke-blocking opening and the opening force that can open the smoke-blocking opening without any trouble is used as the effective opening area. It is the opening area. Therefore, failure to open the smoke shielding opening can be more reliably prevented.
本発明によれば、火災発生時に遮煙開口部の開放障害を抑制することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the failure to open the smoke shielding opening when a fire occurs.
以下、図面を参照して、本発明の一実施形態について説明する。
図１に示すように、建物１は、一般室２、隣接室３、避難階段室５及び避難階段附室４を備えている。一般室２は、避難者が使用する事務室や店舗等である。一般室２は、図中破線で示す壁２０で区切って使用することもできる。隣接室３は、一般室２と避難階段附室４との間に設けられた廊下等である。一般室２と隣接室３との間の開口２１には扉２２が設けられている。扉２２は、図１に示すように一般室２側に開く。なお、一般室２と隣接室３との区画は防火区画されている。
Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the building 1 includes a general room 2, an adjacent room 3, an evacuation stair room 5, and an evacuation stair annex 4. The general room 2 is an office, store, etc. used by evacuees. The general room 2 can also be used by being separated by a wall 20 indicated by a broken line in the figure. The adjacent room 3 is a corridor or the like provided between the general room 2 and the evacuation staircase annex 4. A door 22 is provided in the opening 21 between the general room 2 and the adjacent room 3. The door 22 opens to the general room 2 side as shown in FIG. Note that the general room 2 and the adjacent room 3 are divided into fire prevention sections.
隣接室３と避難階段附室４との間の出入口２５には、避難階段附室４側に開く扉からなる遮煙開口部２６が設けられている。避難階段附室４は、消火活動拠点として用いられる。避難階段附室４と避難階段室５との間には、避難階段室５側に開く扉２７が設けられている。本実施形態の建物１では、一般室２及び隣接室３が、避難階段附室４に出入口２５を介して接続する接続室６に対応する。 A smoke-blocking opening 26 consisting of a door that opens toward the evacuation stairway annex 4 is provided at the entrance 25 between the adjacent room 3 and the evacuation stairway annex 4. The evacuation staircase annex 4 is used as a firefighting base. A door 27 that opens toward the evacuation stairway room 5 is provided between the evacuation stairway annex 4 and the evacuation stairway room 5. In the building 1 of this embodiment, the general room 2 and the adjacent room 3 correspond to a connecting room 6 that connects to the evacuation stairway annex 4 via the entrance/exit 25.
次に、建物１に設けられた加圧防排煙設備３０について説明する。加圧防排煙設備３０は、機械排煙口３３，３５、排煙用風道３４及び排煙装置３６を備える。機械排煙口３３は、一般室２内に設けられる。排煙装置３６は、ファン等の機械排煙を行うものであって、火災が発生した場合に作動して、一般室２の煙を排煙用風道３４を介して吸引し、建物１の外部に強制的に排出する。また、隣接室３に設けられた機械排煙口３５は、排煙用風道３４に接続している。排煙用風道３４の途中には、防火ダンパー３７が設けられている。一般室２からの排煙空気が高温になった場合には防火ダンパー３７が作動し、機械排煙口３３からの排煙は停止し、機械排煙口３５から排煙する経路に切り替わる。 Next, the pressurized smoke prevention equipment 30 provided in the building 1 will be explained. The pressurized smoke prevention equipment 30 includes mechanical smoke exhaust ports 33 and 35, a smoke exhaust air duct 34, and a smoke exhaust device 36. The mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 is provided within the general room 2. The smoke evacuation device 36 is a device that performs mechanical smoke evacuation such as a fan, and is activated in the event of a fire to suck smoke from the general room 2 through the smoke evacuation duct 34 and remove the smoke from the building 1. Forcibly discharge to the outside. Further, a mechanical smoke exhaust port 35 provided in the adjacent room 3 is connected to a smoke exhaust air duct 34. A fire damper 37 is provided in the middle of the smoke exhaust air duct 34. When the flue gas air from the general room 2 becomes high temperature, the fire damper 37 is activated, the smoke exhaust from the mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 is stopped, and the route is switched to the smoke exhaust route from the mechanical smoke exhaust port 35.
また、加圧防排煙設備３０は、給気装置３８、給気用風道３９及び給気口４１を備える。給気装置３８は、建物１の外部から吸入した新鮮空気である外気を、給気用風道３９を介して給気口４１から避難階段附室４に供給する。 Further, the pressurized smoke prevention equipment 30 includes an air supply device 38, an air supply air passage 39, and an air supply port 41. The air supply device 38 supplies outside air, which is fresh air taken in from the outside of the building 1, to the evacuation staircase annex 4 from the air supply port 41 via the air supply air duct 39.
さらに隣接室３には、避難階段附室４から流れる空気を、ファン等を用いず、自然排気式で排出する自然排煙口４０が設けられている。自然排煙口４０は、隣接室３の壁に設けられていてもよいし、天井に設けられていてもよい。自然排煙口４０は、排煙装置３６の起動とともに開かれるものであって、その状況以外は閉じている。なお、避難階段附室４から流れる給気空気を排出する方法として別途機械排煙による方法を用いてもよい。 Further, the adjacent room 3 is provided with a natural smoke exhaust port 40 that exhausts the air flowing from the evacuation stairway annex 4 in a natural exhaust type without using a fan or the like. The natural smoke exhaust port 40 may be provided on the wall of the adjacent room 3 or may be provided on the ceiling. The natural smoke exhaust port 40 is opened when the smoke exhaust device 36 is started, and is closed except for that situation. In addition, as a method for discharging the supply air flowing from the evacuation stairway annex 4, a separate mechanical smoke exhaust method may be used.
図２に示すように、加圧防排煙設備３０は、制御装置５０を備える。制御装置５０は、排煙装置３６及び給気装置３８を作動させる。また、制御装置５０は、自然排煙口４０を開放する。また、制御装置５０は、一般室２や隣接室３に設置された煙感知器４３から出力された煙の検知信号を入力する。制御装置５０は、煙感知器４３から検知信号を受信すると、排煙装置３６を作動させる。防火ダンパー３７は、一般室２から吸入される空気が所定温度以上となると、一般室２の機械排煙口３３から排煙装置３６に向かう経路を自動的に閉鎖する。そののち、隣接室３側に煙が漏れ出れば、隣接室３の機械排煙口３５が開放され、機械排煙口３５から排煙装置３６に向かう経路を開放する。なお、接続室として一般室２と隣接室３が計画される場合には、自然排煙口４０は隣接室３に設けることが好ましく、機械排煙口３３は一般室２と隣接室３の何れかの室に設けても、両室に設けても良いが、一般室２の排煙量を隣接室３の排煙量よりも多くする方が火災初期の隣接室３への漏煙量を低減できるため望ましい。 As shown in FIG. 2, the pressurized smoke prevention equipment 30 includes a control device 50. The control device 50 operates the smoke evacuation device 36 and the air supply device 38. Furthermore, the control device 50 opens the natural smoke exhaust port 40 . The control device 50 also receives smoke detection signals output from the smoke detectors 43 installed in the general room 2 and the adjacent room 3. When the control device 50 receives the detection signal from the smoke detector 43, it activates the smoke evacuation device 36. The fire damper 37 automatically closes the path from the mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 of the general room 2 to the smoke exhaust device 36 when the air taken in from the general room 2 reaches a predetermined temperature or higher. After that, if smoke leaks to the side of the adjacent room 3, the mechanical smoke exhaust port 35 of the adjacent room 3 is opened, and a path from the mechanical smoke exhaust port 35 to the smoke exhaust device 36 is opened. In addition, when the general room 2 and the adjacent room 3 are planned as connecting rooms, it is preferable to provide the natural smoke exhaust port 40 in the adjacent room 3, and the mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 is installed in either the general room 2 or the adjacent room 3. It may be installed in either room or in both rooms, but it is better to make the amount of smoke exhaust from general room 2 greater than the amount of smoke from adjacent room 3 to reduce the amount of smoke leakage to adjacent room 3 in the early stages of a fire. It is desirable because it can reduce
また、隣接室３と避難階段附室４との間の壁には圧力調整装置４２が設けられている。圧力調整装置４２は、鎧窓や圧力調整ダンパーを備え、避難階段附室４の過度な圧力上昇を調整する。なお、圧力調整装置４２は、遮煙開口部２６に設けられていてもよい。 Further, a pressure regulator 42 is provided on the wall between the adjacent room 3 and the evacuation stairway annex 4. The pressure adjustment device 42 includes an armored window and a pressure adjustment damper, and adjusts an excessive pressure rise in the evacuation stairway annex 4. Note that the pressure regulator 42 may be provided in the smoke-blocking opening 26.
次に図３～図５を参照して、加圧防排煙設備３０の動作について、火災発生時の各段階別に説明する。
（火災初期段階１）
図３に示すように、一般室２で火災１１０が発生すると、煙感知器４３が煙の発生を感知して制御装置５０に検知信号を出力する。制御装置５０は、検知信号を入力すると、排煙装置３６に起動信号を出力して排煙装置３６を作動させ、一般室２の機械排煙口３３からの排煙を開始する。
Next, with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5, the operation of the pressurized smoke prevention equipment 30 will be explained at each stage when a fire occurs.
(Fire initial stage 1)
As shown in FIG. 3, when a fire 110 occurs in the general room 2, the smoke detector 43 detects the occurrence of smoke and outputs a detection signal to the control device 50. When the control device 50 receives the detection signal, it outputs an activation signal to the smoke evacuation device 36 to activate the smoke evacuation device 36, and starts evacuation of smoke from the mechanical smoke evacuation port 33 of the general room 2.
制御装置５０は、排煙装置３６の起動に連動して自然排煙口４０を開放する。つまり制御装置５０は、排煙装置３６の起動信号の出力とともに自然排煙口４０を開放してもよいし、排煙装置３６の排煙動作を検知してから自然排煙口４０を開放してもよい。排煙が行われることにより隣接室３は減圧されるため、自然排煙口４０からは外気が供給される。これにより、隣接室３及び一般室２側の圧力が極端に低下せず、遮煙開口部２６に過度な圧力差がかからないため、遮煙開口部２６の開放障害が発生することを抑制することができる。その結果、避難者１００は、遮煙開口部２６を開放し避難階段附室４を経由して、避難階段室５に移動することが可能となる。 The control device 50 opens the natural smoke exhaust port 40 in conjunction with the activation of the smoke exhaust device 36. In other words, the control device 50 may open the natural smoke exhaust port 40 when the smoke evacuation device 36 outputs the activation signal, or may open the natural smoke exhaust port 40 after detecting the smoke evacuation operation of the smoke evacuation device 36. It's okay. Since the adjacent room 3 is depressurized by exhausting the smoke, outside air is supplied from the natural smoke exhaust port 40. As a result, the pressure on the side of the adjacent room 3 and the general room 2 does not drop excessively, and an excessive pressure difference is not applied to the smoke shielding opening 26, so that the occurrence of failure to open the smoke shielding opening 26 is suppressed. I can do it. As a result, the evacuee 100 can open the smoke-shielding opening 26 and move to the evacuation stairwell room 5 via the evacuation stairway annex 4.
（火災初期段階２）
図４に示すように、一般室２の空間温度が所定温度（例えば２８０℃）になると、防火ダンパー３７が機械排煙口３３側の経路を閉鎖し、隣接室３側の機械排煙口３５から排煙が行われる。自然排煙口４０は、開放状態を維持する。これにより、排煙が行われている隣接室３の圧力が極端に低下しないため、この段階においても遮煙開口部２６の開放障害を抑制することができる。
(Fire initial stage 2)
As shown in FIG. 4, when the space temperature of the general room 2 reaches a predetermined temperature (for example, 280° C.), the fire damper 37 closes the path on the mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 side, and the mechanical smoke exhaust port 35 on the adjacent room 3 side closes the path. Smoke is removed from the The natural smoke exhaust port 40 remains open. As a result, the pressure in the adjacent room 3 where smoke is being evacuated does not drop significantly, so that it is possible to suppress the failure to open the smoke shielding opening 26 even at this stage.
（火災中期段階）
図５に示すように、消防隊（図示略）が建物１に到着し、給気装置３８の手動起動装置（図示略）が操作される。この場合、制御装置５０は、給気装置３８を起動して、避難階段附室４に外気を供給する。避難階段附室４に供給された外気は、出入口２５を介して隣接室３に供給され、自然排煙口４０、若しくは自然排煙口４０及び機械排煙口３５から排出される。このため、避難階段附室４と隣接室３との間に、避難階段附室４に煙を漏出させないための圧力差が生じる。なお、このとき、一般室２側が高温となり空気が膨張して圧力が高くなるとともに、遮煙開口部２６が閉鎖された場合には圧力調整装置４２が圧力差を緩和するので、遮煙開口部２６の開放障害は生じない。消防隊は避難階段附室４又は隣接室３にて、消火設備４４等を用いて放水等の消火活動を行う。
(mid stage of fire)
As shown in FIG. 5, the fire brigade (not shown) arrives at the building 1, and the manual activation device (not shown) of the air supply device 38 is operated. In this case, the control device 50 activates the air supply device 38 to supply outside air to the evacuation stairway annex 4. The outside air supplied to the evacuation stairway annex 4 is supplied to the adjacent room 3 through the entrance/exit 25 and is exhausted from the natural smoke outlet 40 or the natural smoke outlet 40 and the mechanical smoke outlet 35. Therefore, a pressure difference is created between the evacuation stairway annex 4 and the adjacent room 3 in order to prevent smoke from leaking into the evacuation stairway annex 4. At this time, the temperature on the general room 2 side becomes high, the air expands, and the pressure increases, and when the smoke shield opening 26 is closed, the pressure regulator 42 alleviates the pressure difference, so the smoke shield opening 26 opening failure does not occur. The fire brigade will use fire extinguishing equipment 44, etc. to extinguish fires, such as by spraying water, in the room attached to the evacuation staircase 4 or in the adjacent room 3.
図６は、火災の「発生前」から「火災中期段階」に至る過程の風量の変化及び温度変化を示す。排煙曲線５１は、排煙装置３６が排出する排煙風量（ｍ３／分）、給気曲線５２は、給気装置３８が供給する給気風量（ｍ３／分）の変化を示す。また、温度曲線５３は、火災が発生した一般室２（火災室）の温度変化を示す。「発生前」において、排煙装置３６及び給気装置３８は作動していない。「火災初期段階１」及び「火災初期段階２」を含む火災初期段階では、排煙装置３６だけが作動するため、排煙曲線５１に示すように排煙風量のみが上昇するが、自然排煙口４０が開放されることにより出入口２５に設けられた遮煙開口部２６の内側と外側で過度な圧力差が発生することが抑制される。「火災中期段階」で給気装置３８が作動すると、給気曲線５２に示すように給気風量が上昇する。このとき、図６中、排煙風量と吸気風量との間に風量差５４があるが、一般室２が高温であり空気が膨張しているため、圧力差は小さく、均衡に近い状態となる。 FIG. 6 shows changes in air volume and temperature during the process from "before the fire outbreak" to "the middle stage of the fire." The smoke exhaust curve 51 shows the change in the amount of smoke air (m 3 /min) discharged by the smoke evacuation device 36, and the air supply curve 52 shows the change in the amount of air supply (m 3 /min) supplied by the air supply device 38. Moreover, the temperature curve 53 shows the temperature change in the general room 2 (fire room) where the fire occurred. “Before the occurrence”, the smoke evacuation device 36 and the air supply device 38 are not operating. In the initial stages of a fire, including "initial fire stage 1" and "initial fire stage 2," only the smoke exhaust device 36 operates, so only the smoke exhaust air volume increases as shown in the smoke exhaust curve 51, but natural smoke exhaust By opening the mouth 40, it is possible to suppress the generation of an excessive pressure difference between the inside and outside of the smoke-shielding opening 26 provided in the entrance/exit 25. When the air supply device 38 is activated in the "middle stage of the fire," the air supply air volume increases as shown in the air supply curve 52. At this time, in Figure 6, there is an air volume difference 54 between the exhaust gas air volume and the intake air volume, but since the general room 2 is high temperature and the air is expanding, the pressure difference is small and the state is close to equilibrium. .
次に、自然排煙口４０の設計方法について説明する。遮煙開口部２６の開放障害を抑制するためには、自然排煙口４０から適切な風量の空気を供給する必要がある。自然排煙口４０から適切な風量の空気を供給するためには、自然排煙口４０の有効開口面積を適切に算定する必要がある。この有効開口面積の算定方法について詳述する。 Next, a method of designing the natural smoke exhaust port 40 will be explained. In order to suppress opening failure of the smoke shielding opening 26, it is necessary to supply an appropriate amount of air from the natural smoke exhaust port 40. In order to supply an appropriate amount of air from the natural smoke exhaust port 40, it is necessary to appropriately calculate the effective opening area of the natural smoke exhaust port 40. The method for calculating the effective opening area will be described in detail.
まず、遮煙開口部２６の設計値、及び避難者や消防隊員が遮煙開口部２６を支障なく開放できる開放力から、遮煙開口部２６の開放障害を抑制可能な圧力差ΔＰを算定する。 First, the pressure difference ΔP that can suppress the difficulty in opening the smoke opening 26 is calculated from the design value of the smoke opening 26 and the opening force that allows evacuees and firefighters to open the smoke opening 26 without any trouble. .
次に、遮煙開口部２６にかかる圧力差を「ΔＰ」とした場合に必要な有効開口面積αＡＦを、排気風量に基づき以下の式（２）を用いて算定する。 Next, when the pressure difference applied to the smoke shielding opening 26 is "ΔP", the required effective opening area αA F is calculated using the following equation (2) based on the exhaust air volume.
さらに、式（３）のように建築基準法において加圧防排煙設備の自然排煙口として規定されている有効開口面積と、有効開口面積αＡＦとのうち大きいものを有効開口面積αＡｅとして特定する。 Furthermore, as shown in equation (3), the larger of the effective opening area specified as the natural smoke exhaust port of pressurized smoke prevention equipment in the Building Standards Act and the effective opening area αA F is set as the effective opening area αAe. Identify.
以上説明したように、上記実施形態によれば、以下の効果が得られる。
（１）自然排煙口４０を、排煙装置３６が排煙動作をしているときに開放することで外気の流入経路として利用することができる。これにより、一般室２及び一般室２に接続する隣接室３が過度に減圧されないため、遮煙開口部２６の開放障害の発生を抑制することができる。このため、避難者が避難階段室５に確実に辿りつけるようにすることができる。また、消防隊が避難階段附室４から隣接室３側へ突入しやすいので消火活動を円滑に行うことができる。
As explained above, according to the above embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) By opening the natural smoke exhaust port 40 when the smoke exhaust device 36 is performing smoke exhaust operation, it can be used as an inflow path for outside air. As a result, the general room 2 and the adjacent room 3 connected to the general room 2 are not excessively depressurized, so that it is possible to suppress the occurrence of an opening failure of the smoke shielding opening 26. Therefore, it is possible for the evacuee to reach the evacuation stairwell 5 with certainty. Moreover, since the fire brigade can easily rush into the adjacent room 3 from the evacuation stairway annex 4, firefighting operations can be carried out smoothly.
（２）制御装置５０は、排煙装置３６の起動とともに、閉鎖された自然排煙口４０を開放するため、遮煙開口部２６の前後の圧力差を判定するための圧力センサ等を新たに設置することなく、適切なタイミングで自然排煙口４０を開放することができる。 (2) In order to open the closed natural smoke exhaust port 40 when the smoke exhaust device 36 is activated, the control device 50 newly installs a pressure sensor, etc. for determining the pressure difference before and after the smoke shielding opening 26. The natural smoke exhaust port 40 can be opened at an appropriate timing without installation.
（３）一般室２からの排煙を開始したときに自然排煙口４０が開放される。つまり、火災直後から自然排煙口４０を介して外気が隣接室３に供給されるため、遮煙開口部２６の開放障害を早期の段階で抑制することができる。 (3) When smoke exhaustion from the general room 2 starts, the natural smoke exhaust port 40 is opened. In other words, since the outside air is supplied to the adjacent room 3 through the natural smoke exhaust port 40 immediately after the fire, it is possible to suppress the failure to open the smoke shielding opening 26 at an early stage.
（４）遮煙開口部２６の設計値と遮煙開口部２６を支障なく開放できる開放力とを用いて圧力差を算出し、その圧力差を用いて自然排煙口４０の有効開口面積を算出するため、自然排煙口４０の規定値を一律に適用する場合に比べて、その建物１に合わせた有効開口面積とすることができる。このため、遮煙開口部２６の開放障害をより確実に防ぐことができる。 (4) Calculate the pressure difference using the design value of the smoke shield opening 26 and the opening force that allows the smoke shield opening 26 to open without any problem, and use the pressure difference to calculate the effective opening area of the natural smoke exhaust port 40. Because of this calculation, the effective opening area can be adjusted to suit the building 1, compared to the case where the specified value of the natural smoke exhaust vent 40 is uniformly applied. Therefore, failure to open the smoke shielding opening 26 can be more reliably prevented.
（５）予め規定された有効開口面積と、遮煙開口部２６の設計値と遮煙開口部２６を支障なく開放できる開放力とを用いて算出した有効開口面積とのうち大きい面積を有効開口面積とする。このため、遮煙開口部２６の開放障害をより確実に防ぐことができる。 (5) The larger of the predefined effective opening area and the effective opening area calculated using the design value of the smoke-blocking opening 26 and the opening force that can open the smoke-blocking opening 26 without any trouble is set as the effective opening area. Let it be the area. Therefore, failure to open the smoke shielding opening 26 can be more reliably prevented.
上記実施形態は、以下のように変更して実施することができる。各実施形態及び以下の変更例は、技術的に矛盾しない範囲で互いに組み合わせて実施することができる。
・上記実施形態では、排煙装置３６の起動とともに自然排煙口４０を開放した。これに代えて、排煙装置３６が起動してから所定時間経過後又は一般室２の扉２２が開放されたことに連動して自然排煙口４０を開放するようにしてもよい。又は、煙感知器４３から出力された検知信号を制御装置５０が入力したときに自然排煙口４０を開放するようにしてもよい。
The above embodiment can be modified and implemented as follows. Each embodiment and the following modification examples can be implemented in combination with each other within a technically consistent range.
- In the above embodiment, the natural smoke exhaust port 40 is opened at the same time as the smoke exhaust device 36 is activated. Alternatively, the natural smoke exhaust port 40 may be opened after a predetermined period of time has elapsed since the smoke exhaust device 36 was activated or in conjunction with the door 22 of the general room 2 being opened. Alternatively, the natural smoke exhaust port 40 may be opened when the control device 50 receives a detection signal output from the smoke detector 43.
・上記実施形態では、自然排煙口４０は、制御装置５０の制御によって開放されるようにした。これに代えて、排煙装置３６の作動に連動して自然排煙口４０を開放する機構を設けるようにしてもよい。要は、排煙装置３６が排煙動作をしているときに自然排煙口４０を開放して外気を隣接室３に供給できればよい。 - In the above embodiment, the natural smoke exhaust port 40 is opened under the control of the control device 50. Instead, a mechanism may be provided that opens the natural smoke exhaust port 40 in conjunction with the operation of the smoke exhaust device 36. In short, it is sufficient if the natural smoke exhaust port 40 can be opened to supply outside air to the adjacent room 3 when the smoke exhaust device 36 is performing the smoke exhaust operation.
・排煙装置３６を作動させる制御装置と、自然排煙口４０を開閉する制御装置は異なる装置であってもよい。この態様では、排煙装置３６を作動させる制御装置から、自然排煙口４０を開閉する制御装置に、自然排煙口４０を開放する指令が出力される。 - The control device that operates the smoke exhaust device 36 and the control device that opens and closes the natural smoke exhaust port 40 may be different devices. In this aspect, a command to open the natural smoke exhaust port 40 is output from a control device that operates the smoke exhaust device 36 to a control device that opens and closes the natural smoke exhaust port 40 .
・隣接室３に設けられる機械排煙口３５は、火災初期段階で機械排煙を行うための機能に加え、火災中期段階において加圧吸気が行われる際に、給気空気を排出する空気逃し口として機能させてもよい。この場合、給気空気は、自然排煙口４０及び機械排煙口３５から排出される。 - The mechanical smoke exhaust port 35 provided in the adjacent room 3 has the function of mechanically exhausting smoke in the early stages of a fire, and also as an air vent for exhausting supply air when pressurized intake is performed in the middle stages of a fire. It may also function as a mouth. In this case, the supply air is discharged through the natural smoke outlet 40 and the mechanical smoke outlet 35.
・上記実施形態では、排煙用風道３４に、排煙空気が高温になった場合に自動的に閉鎖する防火ダンパー３７を備えた。防火ダンパー３７に代えて、排煙空気が高温になった場合にも閉鎖しないモーターダンパーを用いてもよい。モーターダンパーが用いられる場合には、火災中期段階において加圧吸気が行われる際にモータダンパーを作動させて、機械排煙口３３を介して給気空気を排出してもよい。つまり、機械排煙口３３は、空気逃し口を兼ねてもよい。また、例えば加圧防排煙設備３０を防火区画以外に設置する場合等には、排煙用風道３４には、防火ダンパー３７等のダンパーが設置されていなくてもよい。 - In the above embodiment, the smoke exhaust air duct 34 is equipped with a fire damper 37 that automatically closes when the exhaust smoke air reaches a high temperature. Instead of the fire damper 37, a motor damper that does not close even when the flue gas air becomes high temperature may be used. If a motor damper is used, it may be activated during pressurized air intake in the middle stages of the fire to exhaust the supply air through the mechanical smoke outlet 33. In other words, the mechanical smoke exhaust port 33 may also serve as an air escape port. Moreover, for example, when the pressurized smoke prevention equipment 30 is installed in a place other than the fire prevention compartment, a damper such as the fire prevention damper 37 may not be installed in the smoke exhaust air duct 34.
・上記実施形態では、加圧防排煙設備３０は、排煙装置３６を１つ設ける構成とした。これに代えて、一般室２からの排煙を行う排煙装置と、隣接室３からの排煙を行う排煙装置とを１つずつ（又は複数）設けるようにしてもよい。そして、一般室２から吸入される空気の温度が所定温度に到達した場合に、一般室２の排煙を行う排煙装置を停止するか又はダンパーを閉鎖し、隣接室３の排煙を行う排煙装置を作動させるようにしてもよい。 - In the above embodiment, the pressurized smoke prevention equipment 30 has a configuration in which one smoke exhaust device 36 is provided. Instead, one (or more than one) smoke exhaust device for exhausting smoke from the general room 2 and one smoke exhaust device for exhausting smoke from the adjacent room 3 may be provided. When the temperature of the air taken in from the general room 2 reaches a predetermined temperature, the smoke evacuation device that exhausts the smoke from the general room 2 is stopped or the damper is closed, and the smoke from the adjacent room 3 is exhausted. A smoke evacuation device may also be activated.
・上記実施形態では、一般室２の扉２２は、一般室２側に開かれるものであるとした。これに代えて、扉２２は、隣接室３側に開かれるものであってもよい。この態様において、一般室２の扉２２の開放障害を抑制するために、一般室２に自然排煙口４０を設けるようにしてもよい。 - In the above embodiment, the door 22 of the general room 2 is opened to the general room 2 side. Alternatively, the door 22 may be opened to the adjacent room 3 side. In this embodiment, a natural smoke exhaust port 40 may be provided in the general room 2 in order to prevent the door 22 of the general room 2 from opening.
・上記実施形態では、加圧防排煙設備３０を適用する建物１を、一般室２と、一般室２に隣接する隣接室３とを備える構造とし、隣接室３と避難階段附室４とを接続させた。これに代えて、隣接室３を設けず、一般室２と避難階段附室４とを接続させた建物に、加圧防排煙設備３０を適用してもよい。この場合、一般室２が、避難階段附室４に出入口２５を介して接続する接続室に対応し、一般室２に自然排煙口４０が設けられる。 - In the above embodiment, the building 1 to which the pressurized smoke prevention equipment 30 is applied has a structure including a general room 2 and an adjacent room 3 adjacent to the general room 2, and the adjacent room 3 and the evacuation staircase attached room 4. was connected. Alternatively, the pressurized smoke prevention equipment 30 may be applied to a building in which the adjacent room 3 is not provided and the general room 2 and the evacuation stairway annex 4 are connected. In this case, the general room 2 corresponds to a connecting room that connects to the evacuation stairway annex 4 via the entrance/exit 25, and the general room 2 is provided with a natural smoke exhaust port 40.
１…建物、２…一般室、３…隣接室、４…避難階段附室、５…避難階段室、６…接続室、２０…壁、２１…開口、２２…扉、２５…出入口、２６…遮煙開口部、２７…扉、３０…加圧防排煙設備、３３…機械排煙口、３４…排煙用風道、３５…機械排煙口、３６…排煙装置、３７…防火ダンパー、３８…給気装置、３９…給気用風道、４０…自然排煙口、４１…給気口、４２…圧力調整装置、４３…煙感知器、５０…制御装置、５１…排煙曲線、５２…給気曲線、５３…風量差、５３…温度曲線、１００…避難者、１０１…排煙装置、１０２…給気装置。 1...Building, 2...General room, 3...Adjacent room, 4...Evacuation staircase annex, 5...Evacuation staircase room, 6...Connection room, 20...Wall, 21...Opening, 22...Door, 25...Entrance/exit, 26... Smoke blocking opening, 27...Door, 30...Pressure smoke prevention equipment, 33...Mechanical smoke exhaust port, 34...Smoke exhaust air duct, 35...Mechanical smoke exhaust port, 36...Smoke exhaust device, 37...Fire damper , 38...Air supply device, 39...Air supply duct, 40...Natural smoke exhaust port, 41...Air supply port, 42...Pressure adjustment device, 43...Smoke detector, 50...Control device, 51...Smoke exhaust curve , 52... Air supply curve, 53... Air volume difference, 53... Temperature curve, 100... Evacuee, 101... Smoke exhaust device, 102... Air supply device.
Claims (2)
前記避難階段附室に隣接する接続室と、
前記避難階段附室と前記接続室とを区画する壁に設けられ且つ前記接続室からの避難方向である前記避難階段附室側に開く扉と、
前記接続室に設けられた機械排煙口と、
前記接続室に設けられ、前記避難階段附室から流れる空気を自然排気式で排出する自然排煙口とを備える建物における加圧防排煙設備であって、
前記接続室に設けられた前記機械排煙口から前記接続室内の煙を前記建物外へ強制的に排出する排煙装置と、
前記避難階段附室に設けられた給気口から前記避難階段附室に外気を強制的に供給する給気装置と、
前記排煙装置の起動に連動して、前記自然排煙口及び前記機械排煙口を開放する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記排煙装置が作動しているときに前記自然排煙口を開放して外気を前記接続室に供給し、前記扉の内側と外側との圧力差を小さくすることにより前記扉の開放障害を抑制する、加圧防排煙設備。 An evacuation stairway annex adjacent to the evacuation stairway room ,
a connecting room adjacent to the evacuation staircase annex;
a door that is provided on a wall that partitions the evacuation stairway annex and the connection room and opens toward the evacuation stairway annex, which is the evacuation direction from the connection room;
a mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection chamber;
Pressurized smoke prevention equipment in a building, comprising a natural smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room and discharging air flowing from the evacuation stair annex in a natural exhaust type,
a smoke exhaust device that forcibly exhausts smoke in the connection room to the outside of the building from the mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room;
an air supply device that forcibly supplies outside air to the evacuation stairway annex from an air supply port provided in the evacuation stairway annex;
a control device that opens the natural smoke exhaust port and the mechanical smoke exhaust port in conjunction with activation of the smoke exhaust device ;
The control device opens the natural smoke exhaust port to supply outside air to the connection chamber when the smoke exhaust device is operating, and reduces the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the door. Pressurized smoke prevention equipment that suppresses door opening failures .
前記避難階段附室に隣接する接続室と、
前記避難階段附室と前記接続室とを区画する壁に設けられ且つ前記接続室からの避難方向である前記避難階段附室側に開く扉と、
前記接続室に設けられた機械排煙口と、前記接続室に設けられ且つ前記避難階段附室から流れる空気を自然排気式で排出する自然排煙口とを備える建物であって、
前記接続室に設けられた前記機械排煙口から前記接続室内の煙を前記建物外へ強制的に排出する排煙装置と、
前記避難階段附室に設けられた給気口から前記避難階段附室に外気を強制的に供給する給気装置と、
前記排煙装置の起動に連動して、前記自然排煙口及び前記機械排煙口を開放する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記排煙装置が作動しているときに前記自然排煙口を開放して外気を前記接続室に供給し、前記扉の内側と外側との圧力差を小さくすることにより前記扉の開放障害を抑制する、建物。 An evacuation stairway annex adjacent to the evacuation stairway room ,
a connecting room adjacent to the evacuation staircase annex;
a door that is provided on a wall that partitions the evacuation stairway annex and the connection room and opens toward the evacuation stairway annex, which is the evacuation direction from the connection room;
A building comprising: a mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room; and a natural smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room and which discharges air flowing from the evacuation staircase annex in a natural exhaust manner,
a smoke exhaust device that forcibly exhausts smoke in the connection room to the outside of the building from the mechanical smoke exhaust port provided in the connection room;
an air supply device that forcibly supplies outside air to the evacuation stairway annex from an air supply port provided in the evacuation stairway annex;
a control device that opens the natural smoke exhaust port and the mechanical smoke exhaust port in conjunction with activation of the smoke exhaust device ;
The control device opens the natural smoke exhaust port to supply outside air to the connection chamber when the smoke exhaust device is in operation, and reduces the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the door. A building that prevents doors from opening .
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