JP3243728B2 - Pressurized smoke exhaust system - Google Patents
Pressurized smoke exhaust systemInfo
- Publication number
- JP3243728B2 JP3243728B2 JP21302893A JP21302893A JP3243728B2 JP 3243728 B2 JP3243728 B2 JP 3243728B2 JP 21302893 A JP21302893 A JP 21302893A JP 21302893 A JP21302893 A JP 21302893A JP 3243728 B2 JP3243728 B2 JP 3243728B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- air supply
- smoke
- corridor
- smoke exhaust
- damper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は高層建物等において火災
が発生した場合に、機械給気、機械排煙により附室を加
圧して居室から排煙するようにした加圧排煙システムに
関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pressurized smoke exhaust system which pressurizes an annex room by a machine air supply and a mechanical smoke exhaust so as to exhaust smoke from a living room when a fire occurs in a high-rise building or the like. It is.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】事務所ビル等の従来の加圧排煙システム
は、附室を加圧し居室で排煙する方式であり、給気竪ダ
クト内圧力と外気圧力との差圧を検出し、検出結果によ
りインバータにより加圧給気ファンを制御し、附室へ給
気する風量を調節することにより行っている。図３は従
来の加圧排煙を説明するための火災階の概略図、図４は
事務所ビル全体の加圧排煙を説明するための図である。
図中、１０は附室、１１は給気ダンパ、１２は給気ガラ
リ、２０は廊下、３０は居室、３１は排煙ダンパ、４０
は加圧給気ファン、４１は防災盤、４２は動力盤、４３
はインバータ、４４は逃がしダンパ、４５〜４７は差圧
計、５０は排煙ファン、５１は動力盤、５２は中継器で
ある。なお、「＋」記号は正圧、「−」記号は負圧、
「±」記号は大気圧を示している。2. Description of the Related Art A conventional pressurized smoke exhaust system for an office building or the like is a system in which ancillary rooms are pressurized and smoke is exhausted in a living room. The inverter controls the pressurized air supply fan based on the detection result, and adjusts the amount of air supplied to the auxiliary room. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fire floor for explaining conventional pressurized smoke emission, and FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining pressurized smoke exhaustion of an entire office building.
In the figure, 10 is an annex, 11 is an air supply damper, 12 is an air supply gull, 20 is a corridor, 30 is a living room, 31 is a smoke exhaust damper, 40
Is a pressurized air supply fan, 41 is a disaster prevention board, 42 is a power board, 43
Is an inverter, 44 is a relief damper, 45 to 47 are differential pressure gauges, 50 is a smoke exhaust fan, 51 is a power board, and 52 is a repeater. In addition, "+" sign is positive pressure, "-" sign is negative pressure,
The symbol “±” indicates the atmospheric pressure.
【０００３】図３、図４において、特別非難階段附室、
非常用エレベータ乗降ロビー兼用附室１０は加圧給気フ
ァン４０により給気ダンパ１１を通して機械給気し、附
室１０から廊下２０へは、温度ヒューズ付きのＦＤの作
動により、所定温度以上では閉鎖する給気ガラリ１２を
介して給気して附室１０および廊下２０を加圧してい
る。この場合、居室の扉が全て閉鎖された場合に、過度
の差圧が生じることになる。そこで、避難途中の人や残
留者が避難できない事態が起きないようにするために、
対象階においてあらかじめ設定した４ｍｍＡｑに差圧制
御している。この場合、差圧を検出するためのセンサ
は、遮煙位置には設置せず、給気竪ダクトとその高さの
標準点で、外気部分に風圧の影響が無いようにして設置
しており、図示の例では、差圧計４５〜４７により給気
竪ダクト内３箇所と外気との間で差圧を計測するように
し、計測してえられた差圧信号はインバータ制御盤４３
に伝送している。In FIG. 3 and FIG.
Emergency elevator entry / exit lobby and auxiliary room 10 is mechanically supplied with air by air supply damper 11 by pressurized air supply fan 40, and from auxiliary room 10 to corridor 20 is closed at a predetermined temperature or higher by operation of FD with a thermal fuse. Air is supplied through the supplied air supply gallery 12 to pressurize the auxiliary room 10 and the corridor 20. In this case, when all the doors of the living room are closed, an excessive pressure difference occurs. Therefore, in order to prevent a situation where evacuees and survivors cannot be evacuated,
The differential pressure is controlled to 4 mmAq set in advance on the target floor. In this case, the sensor for detecting the differential pressure is not installed at the smoke shielding position, but installed at the air supply vertical duct and the standard point of its height so that the outside air part is not affected by wind pressure. In the example shown in the drawing, the differential pressure is measured between three points in the supply air vertical duct and the outside air by the differential pressure gauges 45 to 47, and the measured differential pressure signal is output from the inverter control panel 43.
Is transmitted to.
【０００４】また、制御信号に対する追随を速くし、作
動時間を短くするために、加圧給気ファン４０のインバ
ータ制御と逃がしダンパ４４の制御とを併用し、あらか
じめ設定した４ｍｍＡｑの差圧を速やかに得られるよう
にしている。このとき、火災室は排煙ダンパ３１を介し
て排煙ファン５０で機械排煙されているため、負圧に保
たれる。なお、万が一、廊下に漏煙した場合は、煙温度
によって給気ガラリ１２に設けてある温度ヒューズ付き
のＦＤ（Ｆｉｒｅ Ｄａｍｐｅｒ）が作動して給気ガラ
リ１２は閉鎖し、煙が附室の方へ回り込むのを防止して
附室の安全が確保されるようになっている。Further, in order to quickly follow the control signal and to shorten the operation time, the inverter control of the pressurized air supply fan 40 and the control of the relief damper 44 are used in combination to quickly reduce a preset differential pressure of 4 mmAq. To be obtained. At this time, since the smoke in the fire room is mechanically exhausted by the smoke exhaust fan 50 via the smoke exhaust damper 31, the fire room is maintained at a negative pressure. In the event that smoke leaks into the corridor, an FD (Fire Damper) with a temperature fuse provided in the air supply gallery 12 is activated depending on the smoke temperature, and the air supply gallery 12 is closed. The safety of the annex room is ensured by preventing sneaking around.
【０００５】このように加圧給気ファンにより生ずる正
圧と、排煙ファンによる生ずる負圧とで附室１０、廊下
２０と居室３０との間には差圧が生じ、廊下への漏煙が
防止されるとともに、排煙される。なお、各階の給気ダ
ンパの開閉操作および給気ガラリ、加圧給気ファン、排
煙ファンの発停は防災センタから防災盤４１を通して遠
隔操作できるようになっている。As described above, the positive pressure generated by the pressurized air supply fan and the negative pressure generated by the smoke exhaust fan generate a pressure difference between the annex room 10, the corridor 20, and the living room 30, and smoke leaks into the corridor. Is prevented and smoke is exhausted. The opening and closing operation of the air supply damper on each floor and the start and stop of the air supply gallery, the pressurized air supply fan, and the smoke exhaust fan can be remotely controlled from the disaster prevention center through the disaster prevention panel 41.
【０００６】次に動作順序について説明すると、 火災発報および排煙口開放操作により、給気ダンパ及
び附室と廊下間の給気ガラリを開く。 排煙手動操作により、排煙ダンパを開放、加圧給気フ
ァンおよび排煙ファンの運転を開始する。 給気竪ダクト内圧力と外気圧力との差圧をとり、イン
バータによる加圧給気ファンの風量制御ならびに逃がし
ダンパによる制御によって設定差圧４ｍｍＡｑにする。 差圧計は、３箇所設けられたもののうち、火災階最寄
りの差圧計を選択し、インバータ制御盤に信号を送るよ
うにする。Next, the operation sequence will be described. An air supply damper and an air supply gallery between an annex room and a corridor are opened by a fire alarm and a smoke outlet opening operation. The smoke exhaust damper is opened by the smoke exhaust manual operation, and the operation of the pressurized air supply fan and the exhaust smoke fan is started. The differential pressure between the internal pressure of the air supply vertical duct and the external air pressure is taken, and the set differential pressure is set to 4 mmAq by controlling the air volume of the pressurized air supply fan by the inverter and controlling by the relief damper. The differential pressure gauge selects the differential pressure gauge closest to the fire floor among the three pressure gauges, and sends a signal to the inverter control panel.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、前述し
た従来の加圧排煙システムでは、インバータ制御の信頼
性及び制御性に問題があるとともに、システム全体とし
て高価になってしまうという問題がある。However, the above-mentioned conventional pressurized smoke exhaust system has a problem in reliability and controllability of the inverter control and a problem that the whole system becomes expensive.
【０００８】本発明は上記課題を解決するためのもの
で、シンプルな構成で、信頼性が高く、安価な加圧排煙
システムを提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has as its object to provide a highly reliable and inexpensive pressurized smoke exhaust system with a simple configuration.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の加圧排煙システ
ムは、給気ダンパを介して附室を加圧するための加圧給
気ファンと、附室からの加圧空気を廊下へ導く給気ガラ
リと、居室から排煙ダンパを介して排煙するための排煙
ファンと、給気ダンパ、給気ガラリ、加圧給気ファンお
よび排煙ファンを制御する制御手段を備え、指令により
給気ダンパ、給気ガラリ、加圧給気ファンおよび排煙フ
ァンを制御し、加圧給気ファンにより附室を加圧し、居
室より排煙ファンにより排煙するようにした排煙システ
ムにおいて、廊下に差圧ダンパを設け、廊下と外気との
差圧を設定値に制御するようにしたことを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、廊下に煙感知器及び煙感知信号により
開放する逃がし窓を設けたことを特徴とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A pressurized smoke exhaust system according to the present invention includes a pressurized air supply fan for pressurizing a vestibule through an air supply damper, and directs pressurized air from the vestibule to a corridor. An air supply gallery, a smoke exhaust fan for exhausting smoke from the living room through a smoke exhaust damper, and control means for controlling the air supply damper, the air supply gallery, the pressurized air supply fan, and the smoke exhaust fan, In the smoke exhaust system, the intake air damper, the air supply gallery, the pressurized air supply fan and the smoke exhaust fan are controlled, the pressurized air supply fan pressurizes the ancillary room, and the living room exhausts the smoke with the smoke exhaust fan. A differential pressure damper is provided in the corridor to control a differential pressure between the corridor and the outside air to a set value.
Further, the present invention is characterized in that a corridor is provided with a smoke detector and an escape window opened by a smoke detection signal.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】本発明は、附室を加圧して居室より排煙する加
圧排煙システムにおいて、高価ではあるものの信頼性及
び制御性が十分でないインバータによる風量制御を採用
せず、廊下に差圧ダンパを設けて大気と廊下間の差圧を
所定値に制御して、過度の圧力が廊下に加わらないよう
にするとともに、必要以上に加圧空気を火災室に流入さ
せないようにしており、極めてシンプルな構成で、信頼
性の高い排煙システムを実現することができる。また、
廊下に煙感知器と連動する逃がし窓を設置し、万一廊下
に煙が漏れたことを検知した場合には逃がし窓を開放
し、正圧の廊下から大気側へ煙を逃がすことができ、温
度ヒューズ付きのＦＤの動作と相まって附室の安全を十
分に確保することができる。According to the present invention, in a pressurized smoke exhaust system for pressurizing an annex room to exhaust smoke from a living room, air pressure control by an inverter which is expensive but has insufficient reliability and controllability is not adopted, and a differential pressure is applied to a corridor. A damper is installed to control the pressure difference between the atmosphere and the corridor to a predetermined value to prevent excessive pressure from being applied to the corridor and to prevent pressurized air from flowing into the fire room more than necessary. With a simple configuration, a highly reliable smoke exhaust system can be realized. Also,
An escape window linked to the smoke detector is installed in the corridor, and if it is detected that smoke has leaked into the corridor, the escape window can be opened to allow smoke to escape from the positive pressure corridor to the atmosphere. Combined with the operation of the FD with the thermal fuse, it is possible to sufficiently secure the safety of the annex room.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】図１は本発明による排煙を説明するための火
災階の断面図、図２は加圧排煙システムを説明するため
の図であり、図３、図４で使用した参照番号と同一番号
は同一内容を示している。なお、２１は差圧ダンパ、２
２は煙感知器、２３は逃がし窓である。本発明の加圧排
煙システムは、附室を加圧し、居室で排煙する基本的構
成は図３、図４で説明したシステムと同じであるが、イ
ンバータによる差圧制御は行わず、廊下の端部に設けた
差圧ダンパにより４ｍｍＡｑに差圧制御している点が異
なっている。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a fire floor for explaining smoke emission according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a pressurized smoke emission system, and reference numerals used in FIGS. And the same numbers indicate the same contents. 21 is a differential pressure damper, 2
2 is a smoke detector and 23 is an escape window. The pressurized smoke exhaust system of the present invention has the same basic structure as that described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 for pressurizing an annex room and exhausting smoke in a living room. The difference is that the differential pressure is controlled to 4 mmAq by the differential pressure damper provided at the end.
【００１２】図１、図２において、廊下２０の端部に
は、差圧ダンパ２１、煙感知器２２、逃がし窓２３を設
ける。差圧ダンパ２１は廊下と外気との差圧を４ｍｍＡ
ｑに制御するためのものである。煙感知器２２は廊下に
設けられ、廊下への漏煙を感知するためのものであり、
逃がし窓２３は煙感知器に連動し、煙感知信号により開
放して正圧の廊下より大気側へ煙を導くためのものであ
る。廊下への漏煙に対しては、給気ガラリ１２が温度フ
ューズ付きのＦＤの作動により閉鎖するようになってい
るので、これと逃がし窓２３の設置により、万一、廊下
への漏煙があっても附室の安全に十分に確保することが
可能である。1 and 2, a differential pressure damper 21, a smoke detector 22, and an escape window 23 are provided at an end of a corridor 20. The differential pressure damper 21 reduces the differential pressure between the corridor and outside air by 4 mmA.
It is for controlling to q. The smoke detector 22 is provided in the corridor and is for detecting smoke leakage into the corridor,
The escape window 23 is linked to the smoke detector, and is opened by a smoke detection signal to guide the smoke from the corridor of the positive pressure to the atmosphere side. In the case of smoke leakage into the corridor, the air supply gallery 12 is closed by the operation of the FD with the temperature fuse. Even if it does, it is possible to secure the safety of the annex room sufficiently.
【００１３】本発明の圧力制御について説明すると、扉
は廊下に対して内開きのため、風量を制御しなくても扉
の開放に支障を来さないことから高価なインバータ制御
は採用していない。また、扉が施錠等で全閉されている
場合も過度の圧力が廊下に加わらないようにするととも
に、扉が内開きであることから、必要以上に加圧空気を
火災室に流入させないようにするため、廊下の圧力を外
気に対して所定の値（４ｍｍＡｑ）に制御するようにし
ており、そのため廊下の端部に差圧ダンパ２１を設ける
ようにしている。The pressure control of the present invention will be described. Since the door is opened in the corridor, it does not hinder the opening of the door even if the air flow is not controlled, so that expensive inverter control is not employed. . Also, when the door is fully closed by locking etc., make sure that excessive pressure is not applied to the corridor, and since the door is open inside, make sure that the pressurized air does not flow into the fire room more than necessary. Therefore, the pressure in the corridor is controlled to a predetermined value (4 mmAq) with respect to the outside air, so that a differential pressure damper 21 is provided at the end of the corridor.
【００１４】次に動作手順について説明する。 火災発報および排煙口開放操作により、給気ダンパ及
び非難階段前室、非常用ＥＬＶ乗降ロビーと廊下間の給
気ガラリを開く。 排煙手動操作により、排煙ダンパを開放、加圧給気フ
ァンおよび排煙ファンの運転を開始する。 廊下と外気との間は差圧ダンパにより設定差圧４ｍｍ
Ａｑに制御する。 万一、廊下に煙が漏れ、給気ガラリのＦＤが作動する
ような場合にも、附室から廊下への空気の流れを確保
し、附室を廊下及び居室に対して正圧に保つために、廊
下に設けた逃がし窓を、廊下に設けた煙感知器と連動さ
せて開放する。Next, the operation procedure will be described. The fire alarm and the opening of the smoke exhaust opening will open the air supply damper and the air supply gallery between the emergency stairs entrance and exit lobby and the corridor. The smoke exhaust damper is opened by the smoke exhaust manual operation, and the operation of the pressurized air supply fan and the exhaust smoke fan is started. Set differential pressure 4mm between corridor and outside air by differential pressure damper
Control to Aq. In the unlikely event that smoke leaks into the corridor and the FD of the air supply garbage is activated, the air flow from the annex to the corridor is ensured, and the annex is kept at a positive pressure against the corridor and the living room. Then, the escape window provided in the corridor will be opened in conjunction with the smoke detector provided in the corridor.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明は、附室を加圧し居
室で排煙するシステムにおいて、従来方式のようなイン
バータによる風量制御はおこなわず、廊下に設けた差圧
ダンパにより外気と廊下との差圧を設定圧力に制御する
ようにしたので、極めてシンプルな構成で、信頼性の高
い排煙システムを実現することが可能である。また、廊
下に煙感知器と連動する逃がし窓を設置することによ
り、万一廊下に煙が漏れた場合にも大気側へ逃がすこと
が可能である。As described above, according to the present invention, in a system for pressurizing an annex room and exhausting smoke in a living room, the air volume is not controlled by an inverter as in the conventional system, and the outside air and the corridor are controlled by a differential pressure damper provided in the corridor. Is controlled to the set pressure, it is possible to realize a highly reliable smoke exhaust system with an extremely simple configuration. In addition, by installing an escape window in conjunction with the smoke detector in the corridor, even if smoke leaks into the corridor, it can escape to the atmosphere.
【図１】 本発明の加圧排煙を説明するための火災階の
概略図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fire floor for explaining pressurized smoke exhaust according to the present invention.
【図２】 本発明の加圧排煙システムを説明する図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a pressurized smoke exhaust system of the present invention.
【図３】 従来の加圧排煙を説明するための火災階の概
略図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fire floor for explaining conventional pressurized smoke emission.
【図４】 従来の加圧排煙システムを説明するための図
である。FIG. 4 is a view for explaining a conventional pressurized smoke exhaust system.
１０…附室、１１…給気ダンパ、１２…ガラリ、２０…
廊下、２１…差圧ダンパ、２２…煙感知器、２３…逃が
し窓、３０…居室、３１…排煙ダンパ、４０…加圧給気
ファン、４１…防災盤、４２…動力盤、４３…インバー
タ、４４…ダンパ、４５…差圧計、５０…排煙ファン、
５１…動力盤、５２…中継器。10: Attached room, 11: Air supply damper, 12: Gutter, 20 ...
Corridor, 21: Differential pressure damper, 22: Smoke detector, 23: Escape window, 30: Living room, 31: Smoke exhaust damper, 40: Pressurized air supply fan, 41: Disaster prevention board, 42: Power board, 43: Inverter , 44 ... damper, 45 ... differential pressure gauge, 50 ... smoke exhaust fan,
51: power board, 52: repeater.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平４−367670（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭60−198164（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平４−132570（ＪＰ，Ａ) 「建築設備士」1992年３月号 社団法 人建築設備技術者協会（平成４年３月５ 日発行) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) A62B 7/00 - 33/00 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-4-367670 (JP, A) JP-A-60-198164 (JP, A) JP-A-4-132570 (JP, A) March, 1992, Japan Association of Building Equipment Engineers (issued on March 5, 1992) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) A62B 7/ 00-33/00
Claims (2)
の加圧給気ファンと、附室からの加圧空気を廊下へ導く
給気ガラリと、居室から排煙ダンパを介して排煙するた
めの排煙ファンと、給気ダンパ、給気ガラリ、加圧給気
ファンおよび排煙ファンを制御する制御手段を備え、指
令により給気ダンパ、給気ガラリ、加圧給気ファンおよ
び排煙ファンを制御し、加圧給気ファンにより附室を加
圧し、居室より排煙ファンにより排煙するようにした排
煙システムにおいて、 廊下に差圧ダンパを設け、廊下と外気との差圧を設定値
に制御するようにしたことを特徴とする加圧排煙システ
ム。1. A pressurized air supply fan for pressurizing an auxiliary room through an air supply damper, an air supply gallery for guiding pressurized air from the auxiliary room to a corridor, and an exhaust air from a living room through a smoke exhaust damper. A smoke exhaust fan for smoke, an air supply damper, an air supply gallery, a control means for controlling the pressurized air supply fan and the smoke exhaust fan, and an air supply damper, an air supply gallery, a pressurized air supply fan and a In a smoke exhaust system that controls the smoke exhaust fan, pressurizes the ancillary room with a pressurized air supply fan, and discharges smoke from the living room with the smoke exhaust fan, a differential pressure damper is installed in the corridor, and the difference between the corridor and outside air A pressurized smoke exhaust system, wherein the pressure is controlled to a set value.
に煙感知器及び煙感知信号により開放する逃がし窓を設
けたことを特徴とする加圧排煙システム。2. The pressurized smoke exhaust system according to claim 1, wherein a smoke detector and an escape window opened by the smoke detector signal are provided in the corridor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21302893A JP3243728B2 (en) | 1993-08-27 | 1993-08-27 | Pressurized smoke exhaust system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21302893A JP3243728B2 (en) | 1993-08-27 | 1993-08-27 | Pressurized smoke exhaust system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0759869A JPH0759869A (en) | 1995-03-07 |
| JP3243728B2 true JP3243728B2 (en) | 2002-01-07 |
Family
ID=16632318
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21302893A Expired - Lifetime JP3243728B2 (en) | 1993-08-27 | 1993-08-27 | Pressurized smoke exhaust system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3243728B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4117414B2 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2008-07-16 | 大成建設株式会社 | High-rise building |
| JP2000014811A (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2000-01-18 | Taisei Corp | Lobby pressurization smoke control system |
| JP4526174B2 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2010-08-18 | 株式会社竹中工務店 | High-rise apartment house and pressurized smoke prevention method |
| JP5251104B2 (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2013-07-31 | 富士電機株式会社 | Inverter device |
| JP5282977B2 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2013-09-04 | 清水建設株式会社 | Pressurized smoke prevention system |
| KR101184550B1 (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-09-19 | 중앙대학교 산학협력단 | Method and system for estimating leak area for construction of smoke control equipment |
| JP5535348B2 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2014-07-02 | Ｂｘ鐵矢株式会社 | Door device with differential pressure relief mechanism |
-
1993
- 1993-08-27 JP JP21302893A patent/JP3243728B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 「建築設備士」１９９２年３月号 社団法人建築設備技術者協会（平成４年３月５日発行） |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0759869A (en) | 1995-03-07 |
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