JPH0759869A - Pressure smoke ventilation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the inexpensive pressure smoke ventilation system having high reliability with simple constitution by controlling a differential pressure between the outdoor air and a corridor to a set pressure by a differential pressure damper installed in the corridor in the system for ventilating smoke in a living room by pressurizing an ancillary room. CONSTITUTION:The corridor 20 is provided with the differential pressure damper 21, a smoke sensor 22 and a relief window 23. The differential pressure damper 21 controls the differential pressure between the corridor and the outdoor air to, for example, 4mmAq. The smoke sensor 22 senses the smoke leading to the corridor and the relief window 23 is opened by a smoke sensing signal cooperatively with the smoke sensor 22 to lead the smoke from the corridor of a positive pressure to the atm. side. A suction damper 11, the front room of an emergency staircase and a feed gallery 12 between the lobby at the entrance of an elevator and the corridor 20 are opened by fire alarms and the operation to open vents. A smoke ventilation damper 31 is opened by a manual ventilation operation and the operation of a pressure feed fan 40 and the ventilation fan is started. The pressure between the corridor 20 and the outdoor air is controlled to a set differential pressure by the differential pressure damper 21. The relief window 23 is opened cooperatively with the smoke sensor 22 in the case the smoke leaks to the corridor 20.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pressurized smoke exhaust system which pressurizes an antechamber by a mechanical air supply and a mechanical smoke exhaust to exhaust smoke from a living room when a fire occurs in a high-rise building or the like. Is.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional pressurized smoke exhaust system of an office building or the like is a method of pressurizing an attached room and exhausting smoke in a living room, by detecting a pressure difference between a pressure in a supply air vertical duct and an outside air pressure, The pressurized air supply fan is controlled by the inverter based on the detection result, and the amount of air supplied to the annex is adjusted. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fire floor for explaining conventional pressurized smoke emission, and FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining pressurized smoke emission of the entire office building.
In the figure, 10 is an attached room, 11 is an air supply damper, 12 is an air supply gallery, 20 is a corridor, 30 is a living room, 31 is a smoke exhaust damper, 40
Is a pressurized air supply fan, 41 is a disaster prevention board, 42 is a power board, 43
Is an inverter, 44 is an escape damper, 45-47 are differential pressure gauges, 50 is a smoke exhaust fan, 51 is a power panel, and 52 is a repeater. "+" Sign is positive pressure, "-" sign is negative pressure,
The "±" symbol indicates atmospheric pressure.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, the special blame staircase attached room,
The emergency elevator boarding / egress lobby combined auxiliary room 10 is mechanically air-supplied by the pressurized air supply fan 40 through the air supply damper 11, and the auxiliary room 10 is closed at a predetermined temperature or higher due to the operation of the FD with a thermal fuse. Air is supplied through the supply air gallery 12 to pressurize the annex 10 and the corridor 20. In this case, if all the doors of the living room are closed, an excessive pressure difference will occur. Therefore, in order to prevent the situation where people who are in the process of evacuation and those who remain cannot escape,
The differential pressure is controlled to 4 mmAq set in advance on the target floor. In this case, the sensor for detecting the differential pressure is not installed in the smoke shielding position, but is installed so that there is no influence of wind pressure on the outside air part at the air supply vertical duct and the standard point of its height. In the illustrated example, the differential pressure gauges 45 to 47 are used to measure the differential pressure between three locations inside the air supply vertical duct and the outside air, and the differential pressure signal obtained by the measurement is the inverter control panel 43.
Is being transmitted to.

In order to quickly follow the control signal and shorten the operating time, the inverter control of the pressurized air supply fan 40 and the control of the escape damper 44 are used together to quickly set a preset differential pressure of 4 mmAq. I am going to get it. At this time, since the fire chamber is mechanically exhausted by the smoke exhaust fan 50 via the smoke exhaust damper 31, it is kept at a negative pressure. In the unlikely event that smoke leaks into the corridor, depending on the smoke temperature, the FD (Fire Damper) with a temperature fuse installed in the air supply gallery 12 will operate and the air supply gallery 12 will be closed, and the smoke will be in the annex room. It is designed so that the safety of the ancillary room is ensured by preventing it from going around.

As described above, the positive pressure generated by the pressurized air supply fan and the negative pressure generated by the smoke exhaust fan generate a differential pressure between the auxiliary room 10, the corridor 20 and the living room 30, and smoke is leaked into the corridor. Is prevented and smoke is emitted. The opening / closing operation of the air supply damper on each floor and the start / stop of the air supply gallery, the pressurized air supply fan, and the smoke exhaust fan can be remotely controlled from the disaster prevention center through the disaster prevention board 41.

Next, the operation sequence will be described. The fire alarm and the smoke vent opening operation open the air supply damper and the air supply gallery between the annex and the corridor. The smoke exhaust is manually operated to open the smoke exhaust damper and start the operation of the pressurized air supply fan and the smoke exhaust fan. The differential pressure between the pressure inside the supply air vertical duct and the outside air pressure is taken, and the set differential pressure is set to 4 mmAq by controlling the air volume of the pressurized air supply fan by the inverter and the control by the escape damper. Of the three differential pressure gauges provided, the one that is closest to the fire floor is selected and a signal is sent to the inverter control panel.

[0007]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional pressurized smoke exhaust system, there are problems in the reliability and controllability of the inverter control, and the system as a whole becomes expensive.

The present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a pressurized smoke exhaust system having a simple structure, high reliability, and low cost.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A pressurized smoke exhaust system of the present invention introduces a pressurized air supply fan for pressurizing an antechamber via an air supply damper and a pressurized air from the antechamber to a corridor. It is equipped with an air supply gallery, a smoke exhaust fan for exhausting smoke from the living room through the smoke exhaust damper, and a control means for controlling the air supply damper, the air supply gallery, the pressurized air supply fan and the smoke exhaust fan, In the smoke exhaust system that controls the air supply damper, the air supply gallery, the pressurized air supply fan and the smoke exhaust fan, pressurizes the attached room by the pressurized air supply fan, and exhausts smoke from the living room by the smoke exhaust fan, A feature is that a differential pressure damper is provided in the corridor to control the differential pressure between the corridor and the outside air to a set value.
Further, the present invention is characterized in that a smoke detector and an escape window opened by a smoke detection signal are provided in the corridor.

[0010]

According to the present invention, in a pressurized smoke exhaust system that pressurizes the attached room to exhaust smoke from the living room, the air flow rate control by the inverter, which is expensive but has insufficient reliability and controllability, is not adopted, and the differential pressure is applied to the corridor. A damper is installed to control the pressure difference between the atmosphere and the corridor to a predetermined value to prevent excessive pressure from being applied to the corridor and to prevent pressurized air from flowing into the fire room more than necessary. With a simple structure, a highly reliable smoke exhaust system can be realized. Also,
An escape window interlocking with a smoke detector was installed in the corridor, and if it was detected that smoke had leaked into the corridor, the escape window could be opened, allowing smoke to escape from the positive pressure corridor to the atmosphere side. Coupled with the operation of the FD with a temperature fuse, the safety of the annex can be sufficiently ensured.

[0011]

1 is a sectional view of a fire floor for explaining smoke exhaust according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a pressurized smoke exhaust system, and reference numerals used in FIG. 3 and FIG. The same numbers as indicate the same contents. In addition, 21 is a differential pressure damper, 2
2 is a smoke sensor, and 23 is an escape window. The pressurized smoke exhaust system of the present invention has the same basic configuration as pressurizing the attached room and exhausting smoke in the living room, but the differential pressure control by the inverter is not performed, and the corridor is not used. The difference is that the differential pressure damper is provided at the end of the differential pressure control to 4 mmAq.

1 and 2, a differential pressure damper 21, a smoke detector 22, and an escape window 23 are provided at the end of the corridor 20. The differential pressure damper 21 has a differential pressure of 4 mmA between the corridor and the outside air.
It is for controlling to q. The smoke detector 22 is provided in the corridor for detecting smoke leaking into the corridor,
The escape window 23 is linked to a smoke detector and is opened by a smoke detection signal to guide smoke from the positive pressure corridor to the atmosphere side. As for the smoke leak to the corridor, the supply air gallery 12 is closed by the operation of the FD with the temperature fuse, and by installing this and the escape window 23, the smoke leak to the corridor should it happen. Even if there is, it is possible to secure sufficient safety for the ancillary room.

Explaining the pressure control of the present invention, since the door is opened inside the corridor, it does not hinder the opening of the door even if the air volume is not controlled, so expensive inverter control is not adopted. . Also, even if the door is fully closed by locking etc., excessive pressure should not be applied to the corridor, and since the door is open inward, pressurized air should not flow into the fire room more than necessary. Therefore, the pressure in the corridor is controlled to a predetermined value (4 mmAq) with respect to the outside air, and therefore the differential pressure damper 21 is provided at the end of the corridor.

Next, the operation procedure will be described. The fire alarm and the smoke vent opening operation will open the air supply damper and the air supply gallery between the blame stairs front room, the emergency ELV entry / exit lobby and the corridor. The smoke exhaust is manually operated to open the smoke exhaust damper and start the operation of the pressurized air supply fan and the smoke exhaust fan. Differential pressure set between the corridor and outside air by a differential pressure damper 4mm
Control to Aq. In order to secure the air flow from the annex to the corridor and maintain a positive pressure on the annex and the living room even if smoke leaks into the corridor and the FD of the air supply galleries is activated. In addition, the escape window provided in the corridor will be opened in conjunction with the smoke detector installed in the corridor.

[0015]

As described above, according to the present invention, in the system for pressurizing the attached room and exhausting the smoke in the living room, the air volume control by the inverter unlike the conventional method is not performed, and the outside air and the corridor are controlled by the differential pressure damper provided in the corridor. Since the differential pressure between and is controlled to the set pressure, it is possible to realize a highly reliable smoke exhaust system with an extremely simple configuration. Also, by installing an escape window linked to a smoke detector in the corridor, even if smoke should leak into the corridor, it can escape to the atmosphere side.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fire floor for explaining pressurized smoke exhaust of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a pressurized smoke exhaust system of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fire floor for explaining conventional pressurized smoke exhaust.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a conventional pressurized smoke exhaust system.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 ... Attached room, 11 ... Air supply damper, 12 ... Gallery, 20 ...
Corridor, 21 ... Differential pressure damper, 22 ... Smoke detector, 23 ... Escape window, 30 ... Living room, 31 ... Smoke exhaust damper, 40 ... Pressurized air supply fan, 41 ... Disaster prevention board, 42 ... Power board, 43 ... Inverter , 44 ... damper, 45 ... differential pressure gauge, 50 ... smoke exhaust fan,
51 ... Power board, 52 ... Repeater.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A pressurized air supply fan for pressurizing an annex room via an air supply damper, an air supply gallery for introducing pressurized air from the annex room to a corridor, and a room exhausted through a smoke exhaust damper. An exhaust fan for smoking, a control means for controlling the air supply damper, the air supply gallery, the pressurized air supply fan and the smoke exhaust fan are provided, and the air supply damper, the air supply gallery, the pressurized air supply fan and the In a smoke exhaust system that controls the smoke exhaust fan, pressurizes the attached room with a pressurized air supply fan, and exhausts smoke from the living room with a smoke exhaust fan, a differential pressure damper is installed in the corridor to provide the difference between the corridor and the outside air. A pressurized smoke exhaust system characterized in that the pressure is controlled to a set value. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein a smoke detector and an escape window opened by a smoke detection signal are provided in the corridor.