JP2021145574A - Method for disposing of excreta from livestock - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a method for disposing of excreta from livestock, which enables the excreta from the livestock to be inexpensively and simply disposed of and which is less likely to produce foul odors, a method for raising the livestock, and a livestock barn.SOLUTION: In a method for disposing of excreta from livestock, a fermentation bed including foam glass and a vegetable material is provided in a livestock barn, and the excreta from the livestock is decomposed by the fermentation bed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to a livestock manure treatment method using foamed glass, livestock bedding, livestock bedding material, livestock breeding method, and livestock barn.

The treatment of manure excreted by livestock is a very important issue for the livestock industry. As a typical method of manure treatment, there is a method of separating manure into solid and liquid, discharging the liquid into a river or the like, and using the solid as compost. Since livestock manure contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., if sewage after solid-liquid separation flows out into the soil around the barn without being treated, it will cause groundwater pollution and public such as rivers and lakes. If it is discharged to the irrigation area as it is, it may cause water pollution. In addition, the solid content after solid-liquid separation cannot be used as compost as it is. Therefore, in the case of this method, in addition to the solid-liquid separation equipment, equipment for purifying sewage and equipment for composting are required. Usually, solid-liquid separation equipment that physically removes solid matter, purification equipment that removes organic matter in separated sewage by the action of microorganisms, equipment that stores and reduces the volume of separated solid matter, said solid matter Composting equipment is required to compost. The installation of these processing facilities requires enormous costs, and the installation cost is said to be about 200 million yen for a 7,000 piggery, for example. In addition, it is necessary to secure land for installation, and the period required for installation will be long. In addition, operating costs such as electricity and water costs during operation are also required. Even if such a treatment facility is installed with a large investment, it is difficult to remove the bad odor, and the bad odor from the compost facility becomes a problem, which causes complaints and evictions from local residents. Moreover, even if it is composted, if there is no environment in which compost is used, it will accumulate without being disposed of.

As another method for treating livestock manure, a method using a litter in which fermenting bacteria are mixed with sawdust and rice husks has been proposed. For example, the method of Patent Document 1 is a method of spreading pigs on the floor of a piggery where pigs are bred with a litter containing a mixture of fermented bacteria and rice bran in rice husks and rice husks, and breeding the pigs on the litter. Method 2 is to create a concave groove in the center of the barn, form a fermented bed with a bedding consisting of rice husks, rice husks, rice bran containing natto bacteria, and excrement of pregnant livestock, and raise pigs on both sides of the concave groove. This is a method of dropping the manure from rice husks onto the fermentation bed. In these methods, manure is decomposed by bacteria contained in the litter (fermentation bed) and water is evaporated by the heat of fermentation, so that a large-scale processing facility is not required, but there are the following problems. (I) The durability of sawdust and rice husks is low, and the burden of maintenance such as replacement and addition is heavy. This is because the shavings and rice husks easily permeate urine and water, so they absorb a large amount of water, and the shavings that contain a lot of water and are soaked in a wet state do not have sufficient activity due to the bacteria, so they do not ferment and decompose and give off a foul odor. It is aerobic because it needs to adjust the amount of water by adding it because it comes out and spoils, and when it contains a large amount of water, it is crushed and solidified, making it impossible to supply the oxygen required for useful microorganisms. This is because microorganisms cannot play an active role, and since it is an organic substance, putrefaction starts in about 15 days at the earliest and a foul odor comes out. Therefore, it is necessary to replace or add sawdust and rice husks, and add useful bacteria. It is also conceivable to use wood chips that are more resistant to putrefaction than sawdust and rice husks, but in this case, (ii) the problem is that it takes time for the microorganisms to be carried to grow and activate with only wood chips. There is. In addition, there are (iii) hygiene and procurement problems. As mentioned above, sawdust and rice husks are prone to putrefaction, and if they are not replaced frequently, they give off a foul odor like a general piggery. Therefore, it is necessary to procure a large amount of sawdust and rice husks. In addition, wood chips in paddy fields and fields have problems in hygiene management because it is difficult to prevent infectious diseases caused by adhesion of microorganisms that are harmful to pigs. Disinfecting sawdust, rice husks, wood chips, etc. with chemicals in order to use substances that do not harm the health of pigs may adversely affect the health of pigs or kill useful microorganisms and adversely affect their growth. In addition, the bedding after use can be used as compost, but if there is no environment in which compost is used, it will accumulate without being disposed of.

Conventionally, there have been no proposals for livestock manure treatment methods, manure treatment materials, barns, etc. that solve the above problems.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-9813 Japanese Patent No. 3771575

An object of the present invention is to provide a livestock manure treatment method, a livestock breeding method, and a barn, which can easily treat livestock manure at a low cost and have a low malodor. Another object of the present invention is to provide livestock bedding and livestock bedding materials that can be used for the above method and livestock barns.

The present inventors have started to study a method for treating manure from livestock that can solve the above problems. In the course of the study, when a fermentation bed is prepared using foamed glass, which has not been considered as a livestock bedding at all, as a bedding, it has excellent microbial support and proliferation, durability, hygiene, and appropriate water content. It was found that a fermentation bed with excellent retention can be produced, and by using this, a treatment method with high manure treatment efficiency, less foul odor, and reduction of maintenance burden such as litter replacement can be obtained. In addition, this treatment method was also excellent in terms of hygiene. The present invention has been completed in this way.

That is, the present invention is specified by the following matters.
(1) A method for treating livestock manure in which a fermentation bed containing foamed glass and plant materials is provided in a livestock barn, and livestock manure is decomposed in the fermentation bed.
(2) The manure treatment method according to (1) above, wherein the livestock excrete manure on the fermentation bed.
(3) The manure treatment method according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the plant material is wood chips.
(4) Livestock bedding containing foamed glass and vegetable materials.
(5) The livestock bedding according to (4) above, wherein the plant material is wood chips.
(6) Livestock bedding material which is foamed glass having a particle size of 0.3 to 50 mm.
(7) A method for raising livestock in which a fermentation bed containing foamed glass and plant materials is provided in a barn and livestock are raised on the fermentation bed.
(8) A barn with a fermentation bed containing foamed glass and plant materials on the floor of the breeding space.

The livestock manure treatment method, livestock breeding method, and barn of the present invention can easily treat livestock manure at low cost and have little malodor. The livestock bedding and the livestock bedding material of the present invention are excellent in carrying and multiplying microorganisms, and are excellent in durability. In addition, hygiene management is easy. Therefore, it can be suitably used for manure treatment of livestock.

The schematic diagram which shows the conventional manure processing method. The schematic diagram which shows one Embodiment of the manure treatment method of this invention.

The present invention relates to a livestock manure treatment method, livestock bedding, livestock bedding material, livestock breeding method, and livestock barn. The foamed glass in the present invention is a mixture of a glass material and a foaming agent that is heated and melted and foamed, and has a large number of pores. The plant material in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a plant material that can be used as a livestock bedding. Examples include tea straw, coffee straw, biogas residue, etc., and these may be contained alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, at least one selected from sawdust, rice husks, wood chips, bark and wood chips is preferable, and at least one selected from wood chips, bark and wood chips is more preferable. Here, the wood chips include cutting chips by a cutting tool and crushing chips by a hammer crusher or the like, and these are produced from, for example, backboards, scraps, building demolition wood, etc. discharged as by-products from a sawmill or the like. .. The bark includes bark discharged from sawmills and the like and bark that has naturally fallen off. Wood chips refer to backboards, offcuts, naturally falling branches, pruned branches, etc. that are discharged as by-products from sawmills and the like.

The method for treating livestock manure of the present invention is characterized in that a fermentation bed containing foamed glass and a vegetable material is provided in a barn, and livestock manure is decomposed in the fermentation bed. The fermentation bed in the present invention can be produced by spreading livestock bedding containing foamed glass and plant materials. The position in the barn where the fermentation bed is provided is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to provide the fermentation bed on the floor of the breeding space in order to allow livestock to excrete manure on the fermentation bed. By raising livestock on the fermentation bed, manure excreted by the livestock naturally falls on the fermentation bed and is decomposed by microorganisms contained in the fermentation bed. At this time, the fermented bed is naturally agitated by the movement of the livestock on the fermented bed, for example, digging a hole or running around, and the manure and the litter are mixed and agitated, and oxygen is further supplied into the fermented bed. Further, since the foamed glass contains oxygen in the pores, the oxygen contained in the pores of the foamed glass also serves as an oxygen supply source into the fermentation bed. Therefore, the activity of aerobic microorganisms becomes active and the fermentative decomposition power of the fermentation bed increases. The thickness of the fermentation bed can be appropriately selected according to the type and number of livestock raised on the fermentation bed, that is, the amount of manure to be processed, but is preferably 30 to 120 cm, more preferably 60 to 100 cm. In the case of a fermented bed using a conventional livestock bedding, when livestock are bred on the fermented bed, the fermented bed is crushed by the weight of the livestock. In particular, when the litter absorbs water, the fermentation bed becomes muddy, crushed by the weight of livestock and solidified, and oxygen required for decomposition by microorganisms is not supplied to the fermentation bed. Therefore, conventionally, it has been necessary to frequently change the bedding of the fermentation bed. On the other hand, although foamed glass absorbs water, it is not crushed by the weight of livestock, so oxygen is supplied into the fermentation bed without muddying or solidifying the fermentation bed. Therefore, the fermentation bed can be used for a long period of time without changing the litter. The fermentation bed in the present invention may be prepared by mixing livestock manure and compost in advance in order to promote fermentation, or may be added with microorganisms. The microorganism is not particularly limited as long as it is a microorganism capable of decomposing livestock manure by fermentation, and may be any of bacteria, fungi, algae and the like. Further, the fermentation may be aerobic fermentation or anaerobic fermentation, and the microorganism may be an aerobic microorganism or an anaerobic microorganism, but from the viewpoint of preventing the generation of a foul odor, aerobic fermentation is preferable, and aerobic microorganism is preferable. Aerobic microorganisms include, for example, in the case of bacteria, aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria. In the present invention, since the environment for microorganisms in the fermentation bed is prepared by the foamed glass, it is possible to utilize indigenous bacteria and the like in the local area where the vitality is not so strong. Therefore, manure treatment can be performed without using natto bacteria or lactic acid bacteria, which have strong vitality and are difficult to coexist with other bacteria. Therefore, the purchase cost of bacteria can be reduced. Further, although the fermentation bed in the present invention has excellent durability and can be reused, it can be finally used as compost after being used in a barn. When used as compost, bacteria with strong vitality, especially Bacillus natto, have strong proliferative power, so when used in fields and rice fields, they may destroy local soil bacteria. Therefore, if the compost contains a large amount of natto bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, which have strong vitality instead of local bacteria, it may hinder the soil improvement plan for the fields and rice fields in the area. Further, in the case of lactic acid bacteria, since they are killed at 60 ° C., many bacteria are killed by fermentation at 75 to 80 ° C. before composting. According to the manure treatment method of the present invention, manure treatment can be performed without using Bacillus natto or lactic acid bacteria, so that the fermentation bed after use is very suitable as compost. Of course, natto bacteria and lactic acid bacteria may be used. Further, in the manure treatment method of the present invention, the fermentation bed is provided in the barn by providing a facility for moving the manure excreted by the livestock to the fermentation bed, or by constructing the barn so that the manure excreted by the livestock can be moved to the fermentation bed. It may be provided at a position other than the breeding space of. Examples of livestock in the present invention include cattle, horses, pigs, and poultry such as chickens. The barn in the present invention means a building for keeping livestock. Pigs are preferable as the livestock in the present invention, and pig houses are preferable as the barn.

The fermentation bed in the present invention is hard to corrode because it contains non-corrosive foamed glass, but it is preferable to use wood chips as a plant material to be used together with the foamed glass because it is harder to corrode. This is because wood chips are less likely to corrode than litter materials such as sawdust and rice husks, but it takes time for wood chips to carry microorganisms and proliferate and activate them. For example, in the case of a new piggery, it takes 100 days or more to produce a fermentation bed capable of detoxifying manure by fermentation and decomposition using only wood chips, and it is difficult to manage. However, since foamed glass has an excellent ability to carry microorganisms and promotes proliferation and activation, it is possible to produce a fermentation bed capable of detoxification treatment at an early stage even if wood chips are used. In addition, wood chips that have come out as waste materials can be used without much processing. The content of the foamed glass and the vegetable material in the fermented bed of the present invention includes effects such as the support of microorganisms by the foamed glass, the ability to grow, the resistance to being crushed and the resistance to corrosion, the heat retention by the plant material, and the damage to livestock. From the viewpoint of achieving both prevention and comfort, the foamed glass is preferably 5 to 90% by mass, more preferably 10 to 70% by mass, and 20 to 50% by mass with respect to the total amount of the foamed glass and the plant material. % Is more preferable, the vegetable material is preferably 95 to 10% by mass, 90 to 30% by mass is more preferable, and 80 to 50% by mass is further preferable. In addition, the fermentation bed further contains an appropriate amount of water and microorganisms. Therefore, in the livestock bedding containing the foamed glass and the plant material of the present invention, the content of the foamed glass and the plant material is preferably in the above range, and the wood chip is preferable as the plant material. Microorganisms may be added to the livestock bedding of the present invention. The livestock bedding of the present invention can be prepared by mixing foamed glass and a vegetable material. When the microorganisms are added, the microorganisms may be supported on the foamed glass in advance, the foamed glass, the plant material and the microorganisms may be mixed, or the foamed glass and the plant material may be mixed and then the microorganisms are added. ..

An embodiment of the manure treatment method of the present invention is shown below. Foam glass carrying fermenting bacteria and vegetable materials such as wood chips are mixed to prepare livestock bedding, or foam glass and plant materials such as wood chips are mixed and fermenting bacteria are added to prepare livestock bedding. Or, after preparing a livestock bedding by mixing foamed glass and vegetable materials such as wood chips, fermenting bacteria are added. The prepared livestock bedding is spread on the floor of the barn to prepare a fermentation bed. Release livestock such as pigs on the fermentation bed so that they can move freely on the fermentation bed. Manure excreted by livestock falls on the fermentation bed and is decomposed by the fermenting bacteria in the fermentation bed. At this time, the fermented bed is naturally agitated by the movement of livestock, and oxygen can be supplied to the fermenting bacteria. Therefore, almost no methane gas or the like is generated due to putrefaction, and there is no foul odor. In the case of a fattening piggery, about 25 kg of piglets are raised to 110 kg and shipped, and this period is about 120 days. The fermentation bed in the present invention can be sufficiently used for 120 days or more, but at this time when the pigs disappear from the piggery, the fermentation bed is taken out of the piggery, stirred outdoors and left for about 1 month to sufficiently oxygenate. Feed to grow fermenting bacteria. After that, it is spread again in the piggery and reused as a fermentation bed. As described above, since the fermentation bed and the livestock bedding for creating the fermentation bed in the present invention can be reused by containing the foamed glass, the amount to be disposed of or discarded as compost or the like is significantly reduced as compared with the conventional fermentation bed. be able to.

The livestock breeding method of the present invention is characterized in that a fermentation bed containing foamed glass and plant materials is provided in the barn, and livestock are bred on the fermentation bed. Further, the livestock barn of the present invention is characterized in that a fermentation bed containing foamed glass and a plant material is provided on the floor of the breeding space. The breeding method and the fermentation bed in the barn can be produced by spreading the livestock bedding of the present invention. The breeding method of the present invention can be used in both a breeding house and a fattening house, and the barn of the present invention includes a breeding house and a fattening house. In the breeding method of the present invention, the breeding space may be partitioned by an enclosure accommodating about one or two animals, and the floor in the enclosure may be used as a fermentation bed. A large space bed may be used as a fermentation bed, on which several, tens, or hundreds of livestock may be bred. According to the breeding method of the present invention, for example, about 500 pigs can be bred on a fermentation bed of ^{550 to 700 m 2 while freely moving around without providing a partition.} In the livestock barn of the present invention, since the fermentation bed of the present invention is provided on the floor of the breeding space, manure treatment can be performed without providing special equipment for manure treatment. In addition, since livestock can be bred without providing a partition in the breeding space of the barn, it is possible to construct a large barn with a simple design. When the fermentation bed is provided on the floor of the breeding space, the fermentation bed may be provided by digging the floor, or the fermentation bed may be provided without digging the floor. In the breeding method and the barn of the present invention, there is almost no foul odor even if the window of the barn is left open. For example, it costs about 80 million yen per building to construct a windless piggery with a deodorant function, 30 million yen per building for wastewater purification equipment essential for a windless piggery, and 7 piggery. If there is, it costs about 200 million yen to 250 million yen, but such a cost is unnecessary in the present invention.

The method for producing foamed glass in the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, glass as a raw material for foamed glass is pulverized. Next, the crushed glass and the foaming agent are mixed. The mixture is transferred to a firing furnace and heated to melt and foam. Cool the foamed glass that comes out of the firing furnace. After cooling, a method of pulverizing and classifying the particles so as to have a predetermined particle size can be mentioned. The glass used as a raw material is not particularly limited, but glass containing no harmful substances is preferable, and examples thereof include waste materials of glass bottles used in soft drinks and the like. Even glass bottles used for soft drinks, etc., some colored bottles (especially green glass bottles) contain chromium-based substances, and when these chromium-based substances are heated at 600 ° C or higher, they are toxic. Since it may change to hexavalent chromium, it is preferable that it does not contain chromium-based substances. The foaming agent is not particularly limited as long as it can be heated to foam glass, and examples thereof include silicon carbide, silicon nitride, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, and dolomite. The foaming agent generates gas at a temperature at which the glass softens, and as a result, a large number of pores are formed inside the glass to produce the foamed glass. The content of the foaming agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass with respect to the glass raw material from the viewpoint of avoiding a decrease in the strength of the foamed glass due to excessive foaming while sufficiently foaming. 2-3% by mass is more preferable. The firing temperature is not particularly limited as long as the foamed glass can be obtained, but is preferably 600 to 1000 ° C., more preferably 700 to 1000 ° C., from the viewpoint of sufficiently softening the glass and appropriately forming pores. .. The firing time is not particularly limited as long as the foamed glass can be obtained in relation to the firing temperature, but from the viewpoint of preventing the glass from being oversoftened and closing the formed pores while the foaming occurs sufficiently. 5 to 60 minutes is preferable. The foamed glass in the present invention preferably has a particle size of 0.3 to 50 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 30 mm. When the particle size is in the above range, it can be sufficiently mixed with the plant material, and the microorganism can be uniformly supported and propagated in the fermentation bed. Here, the particle size is the particle size measured by a sieve, and the particle size of 0.3 to 50 mm means that the sieve mesh passes through a sieve of 50 mm and the sieve mesh does not pass through a sieve of 0.3 mm. say. Further, the foamed glass in the present invention is not particularly limited in specific gravity, and for example, a specific gravity of 0.8 or less and 0.8 to 1.2 can be exemplified. When the specific gravity is within the above range, the porosity is high and the ability to carry microorganisms and the ability to retain water are excellent. The foamed glass in the present invention preferably has rounded corners so as not to injure livestock. Further, the foamed glass in the present invention preferably has a water storage rate of 25 to 35%. Here, the water storage rate is measured by the following method.
(Measurement method of water storage rate)
Fill the beaker with 1 L (1000 cm ³ ) of water. Place the foam glass in another volumetric container until the ^{volume reaches 1000 cm 3.} Submerge the foamed glass in the volumetric container in the water of the beaker. At this time, the difference between the volume up to the raised water surface and the volume up to the original water surface is ΔVcm ^3, and the water storage rate is calculated by the following formula.
Water storage rate (%) = (1000 cm ^3- (ΔV) cm ³ ) / 1000 cm ³
The water storage rate represents the ability to store water, and represents the degree to which the pores penetrate to the inside of the foamed glass. .. The foamed glass in the present invention is suitable for the use of the livestock bedding material which is the material of the livestock bedding, and there has been no livestock bedding material as the use of the foamed glass in the past. The livestock bedding material of the present invention is a use invention of foamed glass. Foamed glass as a livestock bedding material preferably has a particle size of 0.3 to 50 mm. The present invention does not simply utilize the ability of foamed glass to carry microorganisms, and when foamed glass is used as a livestock bedding material, the use of plant materials such as sawdust, rice husks, and wood chips that have been conventionally used in livestock bedding. The amount can be reduced. This makes it possible to produce a fermentation bed that does not become muddy or solidify while absorbing and retaining water when used as a fermentation bed. Therefore, it is possible to produce a fermentation bed that is not spoiled by inorganic substances, has good durability, and easily creates an aerobic environment. By appropriately adjusting the environment of the fermentation bed for microorganisms in this way, the growth and activation of microorganisms in the fermentation bed can be promoted, and it can be used for manure treatment with less maintenance burden such as litter replacement and high treatment efficiency. can. In addition, the foamed glass has excellent water absorption and high water retention performance, and also works to release an appropriate amount of water to the outside. Therefore, when foamed glass is used as a livestock dressing material, it is easy to retain a water content suitable for fermentation. Furthermore, in the season when the inside of the barn is dry, it is possible to supply an appropriate amount of water to the environment in which the livestock in the barn come into contact, and in the season when the amount of water in the barn becomes too high, it is possible to retain water and adjust the water content. can. Such appropriate water retention performance is effective in preventing diseases of livestock (for example, pigs). Such an effect was completely unexpected. In addition, since foamed glass is fired at a high temperature, it can be sterilized even if bacteria harmful to livestock adhere to the glass raw material, which is hygienic. By using hygienic foamed glass as a livestock bedding material, hygienic bedding and fermentation beds can be produced.

Foam glass having a particle size of 0.3 to 25 mm and having rounded corners and wood chips having a width of 15 mm or less and a length of 30 cm or less were mixed so as to have a mass of 3: 7. Foam glass was used that meets environmental safety standards, and wood chips that are not at risk of infectious diseases in pigs were used. To the mixture, a blur in which indigenous bacteria useful for fermentation and decomposition were cultured was added in an amount of 10% by mass of the total amount of foamed glass and wood chips and mixed to prepare a bedding. This was spread on ^{the floor of a 630 m 2} piggery (length 45 m x width 14 m) with a thickness of 80 cm. Appropriate water was added to this (to the extent that it felt damp in the hands), and the work of turning it back once a week (mixing it appropriately with a wheel loader) was performed for 3 weeks to complete the fermentation bed. Then, 500 piglets weighing 25 kg were released on the fermentation bed and fattened for 120 days until the shipping weight reached 110 kg. A total of 50 people were surveyed about their odor status 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, and 120 days after the start of fattening. As a result, 97.5% of the respondents said that they did not feel any bad odor. There was almost no methane gas, which is a causative substance of bad odor, and no bad odor was felt. In general, the piggery has a strong odor, so ordinary people who are not accustomed to the odor cannot approach it, but in this piggery, even the inside of the piggery did not smell. Therefore, even if people passed by the piggery, they did not notice that there was a piggery. In addition, there were no insects such as flies that are often found in ordinary piggery and sawdust bedding. The pigs were growing steadily, gaining weight steadily, and no illness was observed. In addition, the dressing was not exchanged or added for 120 days. In addition, there was no addition of blurring, and there was no crowding such as digging. The fattened pigs had good meat quality and excellent taste because they could exercise moderately because they were grazing pigs and there was less stress on the pigs including odors.

Claims (8)

A method for treating livestock manure in which a fermentation bed containing foamed glass and a vegetable material is provided in a barn and the manure of livestock is decomposed in the fermentation bed. The manure treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the livestock excrete manure on the fermentation bed. The manure treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant material is wood chips. Livestock bedding containing foamed glass and vegetable materials. The livestock bedding according to claim 4, wherein the plant material is wood chips. Livestock bedding material that is foam glass with a particle size of 0.3 to 50 mm. A method for raising livestock in which a fermentation bed containing foamed glass and plant materials is provided in a barn and livestock are raised on the fermentation bed. A barn with a fermentation bed containing foamed glass and plant materials on the floor of the breeding space.

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