JP2021139613A - High performance vibration reduction, smooth surface and blast method of bottom of duplex peripheral hole and tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a high performance vibration reduction, a smooth surface and a blast method of a bottom of a duplex peripheral hole and a tunnel capable of improving an excavation distance of a blast cycle to 5 m and reducing a safety risk of the construction.SOLUTION: In a duplex peripheral hole including a plurality of peripheral deep holes 1 and a plurality of short holes 3, a depth direction of the peripheral deep holes are inclined relative to a contour line of a tunnel, peripheral short holes are arranged at the contour line 2 of the tunnel and peripheral deep holes deploy an explosive filler structure in a decoupling interval. In addition, a duplex cutting hole in a wedge shape is deployed and some intermediate cutting holes, cutting holes, inner ring holes, auxiliary holes, bottom plate holes and the duplex peripheral holes are installed in the tunnel, the numbers of the intermediate cutting holes, the cutting holes, the inner ring holes, the duplex peripheral holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes are determined according to a size of the tunnel and all of the intermediate cutting holes, the cutting holes, the inner ring holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes deploy a consecutive explosive filler structure.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel blasting, and particularly to a method of blasting a double peripheral hole and a tunnel with high efficiency vibration reduction and a smooth surface and bottom.

With the rapid development of urban railways, more and more tunnels are being built. Most of the existing tunnel blasting methods are full-section excavation blasting methods and have the following drawbacks: (1) Insufficient control over the effect of blasting on a smooth surface, and excessive excavation in some places. However, on the other hand, due to insufficient excavation, secondary auxiliary blasting is required, and (2) the digging distance for blasting is limited to between 3.8m and 4.2m, making it difficult to break through 4.5m. Yes, (3) the cut hole is deep, but the utilization rate of the blasting hole is low, about 80%. Many pose high safety risks.

In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention can improve the excavation distance of the blasting cycle to 5 m on the premise that the excavation depth and the amount of explosive used are not substantially changed, and at the same time, excessive excavation and excavation. Control shortages, reduce blasting vibrations, shrink loose circles of surrounding rocks, increase time to instability of surrounding rocks, reduce construction safety risks such as drop blocks from vaults, It is an object of the present invention to provide a highly efficient vibration reduction of a compound peripheral hole and a tunnel and a smooth surface and bottom blasting method.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions.
In the present invention, a plurality of peripheral deep holes and a plurality of peripheral short holes are included, the depth direction of the peripheral deep holes is inclined with respect to the contour line of the tunnel, and the peripheral short holes are above the contour line of the tunnel. Provides a double peripheral hole located in.

Preferably, there are two peripheral deep holes, one peripheral short hole, and the two peripheral deep holes are located on both sides of the peripheral short hole, respectively.

Preferably, the peripheral deep holes employ an explosive filling structure at decoupling intervals, and the peripheral deep holes are detonators, first explosive rolls, and first stemming in order from the bottom of the holes toward the opening of the holes. , A detonating cord, a second explosive roll, and a second stemming are installed, there is a gap between the second explosive roll and the second stemming, the detonator is connected to the detonating cord, and the above The detonator is connected to the second explosive roll above via a detonating cord.

The present invention further
1. 1. For the cutting holes in the tunnel, a wedge-shaped double cutting hole is used, and some intermediate cutting holes, cutting holes, inner ring holes, bottom plate holes, auxiliary holes and the above-mentioned double peripheral holes are installed, and the above-mentioned intermediate holes are installed. The number of cut holes, the cut holes, the inner ring holes, the double peripheral holes, the auxiliary holes and the bottom plate holes is determined according to the size of the tunnel.
2. The intermediate cutting hole, the cutting hole, the inner ring hole, and the bottom plate hole all adopt a continuous explosive filling structure.
3. 3. In the auxiliary hole, two explosive rolls are arranged at the bottom of the hole, and the opening of the auxiliary hole is blocked by stemming.
4. The intermediate cutting hole, the cutting hole, the inner ring hole, the double peripheral hole, the auxiliary hole, and one end of the bottom plate hole are all in close contact with the tunnel work surface, and the intermediate cutting hole, the cutting hole, and the above. The inner ring hole, the double peripheral hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole, and the tunnel working surface are surfaces perpendicular to the plane in the length direction of the tunnel.
5. The explosives in the intermediate cutting hole, the cutting hole, the inner ring hole, the double peripheral hole, the auxiliary hole, and the bottom plate hole are all located at one end near the tunnel work surface.
6. Stemming that is in close contact with the explosive is arranged in the intermediate cutting hole, the cutting hole, the inner ring hole, the double peripheral hole, the auxiliary hole, and the bottom plate hole, and the explosive is located between the tunnel work surface and the stemming. Provides high efficiency vibration reduction and smooth surface and bottom tunnel blasting methods.

Preferably, a hole is drilled using a full computer 3-arm drilling jumbo, the explosive used is the No. 2 rock emulsifying detonator, and the detonator used is a non-electric millisecond detonator.

Preferably, the cut hole is loaded with an explosive at the bottom of the hole, and in the cut hole, the space other than the explosive is completely filled by stemming.

Preferably, the bottom plate hole is long and inclined.

Preferably, the length of both the first stemming and the second stemming is 0.8 m, and the stemming length in the auxiliary hole is 0.8.

Preferably, the number of the intermediate cut holes is 4, the depth is 3.0 m, the number of the cut holes is 78, the depth is 5.5 m, and the number of the inner ring holes. 96, the depth is 5.2 m, the number of auxiliary holes is 48, the depth is 5.0 m, the number of bottom plate holes is 36, and the depth is 5. It is 5.5 m.

The high-efficiency vibration reduction and smooth surface and bottom blasting method of the double peripheral hole and tunnel according to the present invention can obtain the following technical effects as compared with the conventional technique:
The highly efficient vibration reduction of double peripheral holes and tunnels and the smooth surface and bottom blasting method according to the present invention have a digging distance of 5 m per blasting cycle on the assumption that the digging depth and explosive filling amount do not substantially change. At the same time, over-excavation and under-excavation are controlled, blasting vibration is reduced, loose circles of surrounding rocks are reduced, time until surrounding rocks become unstable, drop blocks from vaults, etc. Reduce construction safety risks.

In order to more clearly explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below, but clearly the drawings described below are the drawings of the present invention. It's just a part. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative effort.

It is the schematic which shows the structure of the compound peripheral hole of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the explosive filling structure of the peripheral deep hole of the compound peripheral hole of this invention. Schematic diagram showing the arrangement of blasting holes in the high-efficiency vibration reduction and smooth surface and bottom blasting methods of the tunnel of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cut hole in a method of highly efficient vibration reduction of a tunnel and a smooth surface and bottom blasting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

The present invention can improve the excavation distance of the blasting cycle to 5 m on the premise that the excavation depth and the explosive charge amount do not substantially change in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and at the same time, over-excavation and under-excavation occur. Combined peripheral holes that are controlled, reduce blasting vibrations, shrink loose circles of surrounding rocks, increase the time it takes for surrounding rocks to become unstable, reduce construction risks such as drop blocks from vaults, etc. And to provide a highly efficient vibration reduction of tunnels and a smooth surface and bottom blasting method.

In order to make it easier to understand the above object, feature, and advantage of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the double peripheral hole according to the present embodiment includes two peripheral deep holes 1 and one peripheral short hole 3, and the two peripheral deep holes 1 are arranged on both sides of the peripheral short hole 3, respectively. The depth direction of the peripheral deep hole 1 is inclined with respect to the contour line 2 of the tunnel, the peripheral short hole 3 is arranged on the contour line 2 of the tunnel, and the peripheral short hole 3 has the peripheral deep hole 1 of the trolley. Limited by the work arm, it serves to compensate for the constant distance between the digging hole and the contour line 2, so the deep hole has a small angle towards the contour line 2 and the short hole. By arranging it on the contour line 2 as much as possible, the blasting blind zone is reduced and the explosive effect of the peripheral perforated light is improved.

The peripheral deep hole 1 adopts an explosive filling structure at intervals of decoupling, and the peripheral deep hole 1 adopts a detonator 4, a first explosive roll 5, and a first stemming 6 in order from the bottom of the hole toward the opening of the hole. , Detonating cord 7, second explosive roll 8, and second stemming 9 are installed, there is a gap between the second explosive roll 8 and the second stemming 9, and the detonator 4 is the detonating cord 10. The detonator 4 is connected to the second explosive roll 8 via the detonating cord 7, and the lengths of the first stemming 6 and the second stemming 9 are both 0.8 m, so that the two stemmings can be used. Divided so that the explosives do not explode at the same time, there is a short delay in the transmission of the explosion, the impact force of the explosion is reduced, the damping effect is excellent, there is almost no damage to the surrounding rocks, and the surface is smooth. Improve the effect.

The air column between the second explosive roll 8 and the second stemming 9 reduces the effect of the momentary increase in explosive stress waves on the surrounding rock and enhances the self-stable maintenance capacity of the surrounding rock. The first stemming 9 of the hole mouth prolongs the blasting effect exertion time, completely exerts the tensile effect in the tangential direction of the explosive stress wave, and secures a smooth surface blasting effect. The combination of the two directions has realized a highly efficient vibration reduction of the tunnel and a smooth surface and bottom blasting method.

The present invention further
1. 1. For the cutting holes in the tunnel, a wedge-shaped double cutting hole is used, and some intermediate cutting holes, cutting holes, inner ring holes, bottom plate holes, auxiliary holes and the above-mentioned double peripheral holes are installed, and the intermediate cutting holes, The number of cutting holes, inner ring holes, double peripheral holes, auxiliary holes and bottom plate holes is determined according to the size of the tunnel.
2. The intermediate cutting hole, cutting hole, inner ring hole and bottom plate hole all adopt a continuous explosive filling structure.
3. 3. The auxiliary hole has two explosive rolls placed at the bottom of the hole, the opening of the auxiliary hole is blocked by stemming, and the length of stemming in the auxiliary hole is 0.8 m.
4. One end of the intermediate cutting hole, cutting hole, inner ring hole, double peripheral hole, auxiliary hole and bottom plate hole is close to the tunnel work surface, and the intermediate cutting hole, cutting hole, inner ring hole, double peripheral hole, auxiliary hole and The bottom plate hole and the tunnel work surface are surfaces perpendicular to the plane in the length direction of the tunnel.
5. The explosives in the intermediate cut hole, cut hole, inner ring hole, double peripheral hole, auxiliary hole and bottom plate hole are all located at one end closer to the tunnel work surface.
6. Stemming in close contact with the explosive is placed in the intermediate cut hole, cut hole, inner ring hole, double peripheral hole, auxiliary hole and bottom plate hole, and the explosive vibrates efficiently in the tunnel between the tunnel work surface and the stemming. Provide a tunnel blasting method that reduces the amount of water and makes the surface and bottom smooth.

In this example, the highly efficient vibration reduction of the tunnel and the smooth surface and bottom blasting method use a full computer 3-arm excavation jumbo to excavate a hole, and use No. 2 rock emulsifying explosive as the explosive. The detonator 4 to be formed is a non-electric millisecond detonator.

In the high-efficiency vibration reduction and smooth surface and bottom blasting methods of this embodiment, the smooth blasting effect of the surface is guaranteed by the above-mentioned double peripheral holes and the explosive filling structure thereof, and the smooth blasting effect of the bottom is all. Blasting holes are ensured that the bottoms of the blasting holes are on substantially the same vertical surface, and are filled with explosives to the bottom and blocked by stemming, and efficient blasting progress is mainly performed by cutting holes, auxiliary holes, and bottom plates. The hole uses a blocking material with umbrellas on both ends and stemming in the center to increase friction and slow the speed of stemming in blasting, especially with explosives at the bottom of the blasting hole. By completely filling the space other than the explosives with stemming, the explosive force at the bottom of the hole is increased, the action time of the explosive stress is greatly extended at the bottom of the hole, and the blasting and digging distance is 4. It is guaranteed to improve from 2m to 5.0m, the depth of the residual hole is reduced, and efficient blasting of the ultra-deep hole is realized.

In the highly efficient vibration reduction and smooth surface and bottom blasting method of the tunnel of this embodiment, when the bottom plate hole is lengthened, tilted, and finally exploded, on the one hand, the entire cross section is exploded and falls. Is advantageous for secondary collisions under conditions of reduced explosives, while blasting rocks do not collect on the tunnel work surface and excavation by properly flying the slag out. The slugs could be loaded directly into the transport vehicle with a side blast loader without the use of a machine, accelerating the speed of slag blasting and reducing the cost of using the machine. The number of intermediate cut holes is 4, the depth is 3.0 m, the number of cut holes is 78, the depth is 5.5 m, and the number of inner ring holes is 96. The depth is 5.2 m, the number of auxiliary holes is 48, the depth is 5.0 m, the number of bottom plate holes is 36, and the depth is 5.5 m.

In the highly efficient vibration reduction and smooth surface and bottom blasting method of the tunnel of this embodiment, the lower ends of the intermediate cutting hole, cutting hole, inner ring hole, double peripheral hole, auxiliary hole and bottom plate hole are all on the tunnel work surface. Proximity and verticality, placement of explosives at the bottom of the hole and placement of stemming in close contact with the explosives can achieve a smooth bottom blasting effect, leaving the tunnel work surface after blasting virtually flat. It will be convenient to set up a line for measuring the tunnel work surface after blasting, mark the position of the blasting hole, and determine the hole in front of the blasting hole, and the quality of the blasting hole is a requirement. Ensuring to meet, by analogy, a good cycle is formed.

With reference to the parameter table of high-efficiency vibration reduction blasting of the double peripheral hole in Table 1 and the result table of high-efficiency vibration reduction blasting of the double peripheral hole in Table 2, the high-efficiency vibration reduction and smooth surface of the tunnel of this embodiment are referred to. And the bottom blasting method is the innovation of the explosive filling structure and blocking stemming structure, which reduces ultra-deep hole vibration in the entire cross section and realizes tunnel blasting that makes the surface and bottom smooth, and the depth of the blasting hole and the explosive filling are substantial. Under the assumption that the blasting will not be changed, the blasting distance will be improved from the conventional 3.9 to 4.2 m to 4.8 to 5.0 m, and the utilization rate of the blasting hole will be 96 to 96 from the conventional 76 to 84%. It was improved to 100%. The construction speed was also improved from 60 to 90 meters to 100 to 130 meters every month. The combination of the double perimeter holes and the air column for spacing explosive filling and the air column for spacing and loading of stemming not only reduces slurry, but also reduces the amount of shotcrete. In particular, it increased the self-stable maintenance time of the surrounding rocks and reduced the safety risk of drop blocks and even landslides.

In reality, the consumption of explosives per meter of tunnel is reduced from the conventional 132.4 to 146.3 kg to 115 to 119.8 kg, and the consumption of detonator 4 per meter of tunnel is 80.7 to 89. Reduced from 2 to 75-78.1, apparently saving explosives, reducing costs, and reducing the amount of slurries and shotcretes will bring great economic benefits.

Table 1 shows a parameter table for high-efficiency vibration-reducing blasting of double peripheral holes.

Table 2 shows the results of high-efficiency vibration-reducing blasting of the double peripheral holes.

It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for explanatory purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

Although specific examples have been used herein to illustrate the principles and methods of implementation of the invention, the description of the embodiments described above is only to aid in understanding the methods of the invention and its core concepts. Used, and at the same time, for those skilled in the art, there are changes in specific implementations and scope, according to the ideas of the present invention. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

1 Peripheral deep hole 2 Contour line 3 Peripheral short hole 4 Detonator 5 1st explosive roll 6 1st stemming 7 Detonating cord 8 2nd explosive roll 9 2nd stemming 10 Detonating tube

Claims (9)

A plurality of peripheral deep holes and a plurality of peripheral short holes are included, the depth direction of the peripheral deep holes is inclined with respect to the contour line of the tunnel, and the peripheral short holes are arranged on the contour line of the tunnel. A compound peripheral hole characterized by the fact that. The double peripheral hole according to claim 1, wherein there are two peripheral deep holes, one peripheral short hole, and the two peripheral deep holes are located on both sides of the peripheral short hole, respectively. The peripheral deep hole adopts an explosive filling structure at intervals of decoupling, and the peripheral deep hole adopts a detonator, a first explosive roll, a first stemming, and a detonating cord in this order from the bottom of the hole toward the opening of the hole. A wire, a second explosive roll, and a second stemming are installed, there is a gap between the second explosive roll and the second stemming, the detonator is connected to the detonating cord, and the detonator guides. The double peripheral hole according to claim 1, wherein the explosive roll is connected to the second explosive roll via a detonating cord. As the cutting hole in the tunnel, a wedge-shaped compound cutting hole is used, and some intermediate cutting holes, cutting holes, inner ring holes, bottom plate holes, auxiliary holes and any one of claims 1 to 3 are described. The number of the intermediate cut hole, the cut hole, the inner ring hole, the double peripheral hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole is determined according to the size of the tunnel.
The intermediate cutting hole, the cutting hole, the inner ring hole, and the bottom plate hole all adopt a continuous explosive filling structure.
The auxiliary hole has two explosive rolls placed at the bottom of the hole, and the opening of the auxiliary hole is blocked by stemming.
The intermediate cutting hole, the cutting hole, the inner ring hole, the double peripheral hole, the auxiliary hole, and one end of the bottom plate hole are all in close contact with the tunnel work surface, and the intermediate cutting hole, the cutting hole, and the above. The inner ring hole, the double peripheral hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole, and the tunnel working surface are planes perpendicular to the length direction of the tunnel.
The explosives in the intermediate cutting hole, the cutting hole, the inner ring hole, the double peripheral hole, the auxiliary hole, and the bottom plate hole are all located at one end closer to the tunnel work surface.
Stemming that is in close contact with the explosive is arranged in the intermediate cutting hole, the cutting hole, the inner ring hole, the double peripheral hole, the auxiliary hole, and the bottom plate hole, and the explosive is formed on the tunnel work surface and the stemming. A method of high-efficiency vibration reduction and smooth surface and bottom blasting of tunnels, characterized by being in between. The tunnel according to claim 4, wherein a hole is drilled with a full-computer 3-arm drilling jumbo, the explosive used is rock emulsifying explosive No. 2, and the detonator used is a non-electric millisecond detonator. High efficiency vibration reduction and smooth surface and bottom blasting method. The high-efficiency vibration reduction of a tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the cutting hole is loaded with an explosive at the bottom of the hole, and the space other than the explosive in the cutting hole is completely filled by stemming. And smooth surface and bottom blasting method. The method for highly efficient vibration reduction and smooth surface and bottom blasting of a tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the bottom plate hole is long and has an inclination. The high-efficiency vibration of the tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the lengths of the first stemming and the second stemming are both 0.8 m, and the stemming length in the auxiliary hole is 0.8 m. Reduction and smooth surface and bottom blasting methods. The number of the intermediate cut holes is 4, the depth is 3.0 m, the number of the cut holes is 78, the depth is 5.5 m, and the number of the inner ring holes is 96. The depth is 5.2 m, the number of auxiliary holes is 48, the depth is 5.0 m, the number of bottom plate holes is 36, and the depth is 5.5 m. The method for highly efficient vibration reduction and smooth surface and bottom blasting of a tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the tunnel is characterized in that.

Images