JP2021088557A - 免疫刺激剤による癌治療 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2014年10月21日出願の米国特許仮出願番号第62/066,86
2号及び2015年9月8日出願の米国特許仮出願番号第62/215,433号に対す
る優先権及びその利益を主張するものであり、目的を問わずそれぞれが参照により組み込まれる。
シリムマブまたはこれらの組み合わせを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、CTLA4抗体は、約0.001〜50mg/kg/日の範囲内の投与量で前記患者に投与される。
クファクターを有することを意味する。これらのリスクファクターの1つ以上を有する対象は、このリスクファクター(複数可)を有しない対象よりも、本明細書に記載する病状を発症する確率が高い。いくつかの実施形態では、対象は哺乳動物である。いくつかの実施形態では、対象はヒトである。いくつかの実施形態では、対象は、黒色腫を有すると診断されたヒトである。いくつかの実施形態では、対象は、黒色腫を有する疑いがあるヒトである。いくつかの実施形態では、対象は、黒色腫を発症するリスクが高いヒトである。いくつかの実施形態では、対象は、転移を有する黒色腫患者である。いくつかの実施形態では、対象は、転移のリスクが高い黒色腫患者である。
KN2A、CDK4、ヌクレオチド除去修復(NER)酵素(別称、色素性乾皮症(XP))、多発性腫瘍抑制因子1(MTS1)及び/またはMDM2に生じる。
薬であり得る。特異的な免疫賦活薬は、免疫応答に抗原特異性をもたらす物質、例えばワクチンまたは抗原である。いくつかの実施形態では、免疫刺激剤は、非特異的な免疫賦活薬であり得る。非特異的な免疫賦活薬は、抗原特異性に関係なく作用し、抗原特異性を問わず、他の抗原の免疫応答を増強する、または免疫系の成分を刺激する、例えばアジュバントなどである。本発明の方法で使用される免疫刺激剤は、組み換え製剤、合成製剤、天然製剤またはこれらの組み合わせであり得る。
してもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、TA1は、約0.5〜10mg/日の範囲内の投与量で対象に投与される。ある特定の実施形態では、TA1投与量は、約1.5〜7mg/日の範囲内であるか、または約1.6〜6.4mg/日の範囲内である。ある特定の実施形態では、TA1投与量は、約1.7〜10mg/日、約1.7〜7mg/日、または約3〜7mg/日の範囲内である。いくつかの実施形態では、有効な投与量は、約1.6、3.2または6.4mg/日を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、TA1は、約0.01〜約6mg/kgの投与量で対象に投与される。いくつかの実施形態では、TA1は、1日1回、1日2回、1日3回、1日4回、またはそれ以上、対象に投与される。いくつかの実施形態では、TA1は、対象に単独で投与されるか、または1種以上の追加の免疫刺激剤とともに投与される。
えば、保存的非標準アミノ酸)でもよい。
immune system in sepsis: Is individualized immuno−modulatory therapy the answer?”,Virulence 5:1,45−56;January 1,2014)を参照のこと)。
37)、OX40(CD134)及びLAG3を含むが、これらに限定されない。
in sepsis:Is individualized immuno−modulatory therapy the answer?”,Virulence 5:1,45−56;January 1,2014)を参照のこと)。いくつかの実施形態では、第2の免疫刺激剤は、PD−1、PD−L、BTLA、HVEM及び/またはIL−10の阻害剤である。いくつかの実施形態では、阻害剤は、DNAレベル、mRNAレベル及び/またはタンパク質レベルでPD−1、PD−L、BTLA、HVEM及び/またはIL−10の活性を低減する。いくつかの実施形態では、阻害剤は、PD−1、PD−L、BTLA、HVEMまたはIL−10に対する抗体である。いくつかの実施形態では、阻害剤はPD−1に対する抗体、例えば、米国特許第8552154号、第8741295号、第8008449号、第8460886号及び第7029674号または米国特許出願公開第20110171220号、第20110271358号、第20140044738号に記載されているものであり、それぞれが全体として参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。いくつかの実施形態では、阻害剤はPDリガンドに対する抗体である。いくつかの実施形態では、阻害剤は、PD−1とそのリガンドとの間の相互作用を阻害する。
ナルを伝達する。いくつかの実施形態では、本出願のインターフェロンは、MHCIの活性及び/またはMHCII活性を増加させる。いくつかの実施形態では、インターフェロンは、対象の免疫プロテアソーム活性を増加させる。いくつかの実施形態では、インターフェロンは、細胞傷害性T細胞の活性を増加させる。いくつかの実施形態では、インターフェロンは、シグナル伝達兼転写活性化因子(STAT)複合体を活性化させる。いくつかの実施形態では、インターフェロンは、Janusキナーゼ−STAT(JAK−STAT)シグナル伝達経路を活性化させる。いくつかの実施形態では、インターフェロンは、アダプタータンパク質CRKLのCRKファミリーを活性化させる。CRKLは、C3G/Rap1経路によるシグナル伝達も調節するSTAT5の核内アダプターである。いくつかの実施形態では、インターフェロンは、p38マイトジェン活性化タンパク質キナーゼ(MAPキナーゼ)を活性化させて、遺伝子転写を誘発する。いくつかの実施形態では、インターフェロンは、ホスファチジルイノシトール3−キナーゼ(PI3K)シグナル伝達経路を活性化させる。いくつかの実施形態では、インターフェロンは、ヘルパーT細胞の活性を増加させる。いくつかの実施形態では、インターフェロンはIFN−γである。いくつかの実施形態では、インターフェロンは、マクロファージ及び/またはナチュラルキラー細胞を直接活性化させる。いくつかの実施形態では、免疫刺激剤は、インターフェロンを誘発することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、インターフェロンは、ポリエチレングリコールと架橋される。
ことができる物質を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、免疫刺激剤は、インターロイキン7受容体アルファを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、免疫刺激剤は、インターロイキン7受容体アルファとヘテロダイマーを形成する共通ガンマ鎖受容体を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、IL受容体はIL−9受容体である。いくつかの実施形態では、免疫刺激剤は、IL−9とIL−9受容体との相互作用を増強することができる物質を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、免疫刺激剤は、インターロイキン9受容体を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、IL受容体はIL−15受容体である。いくつかの実施形態では、免疫刺激剤は、IL−15とIL−15受容体との相互作用を増強することができる物質を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、免疫刺激剤は、インターロイキン15受容体ベータ鎖(CD122)を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、免疫刺激剤は、インターロイキン15受容体の共通ガンマ鎖(ガンマ−C、CD132)を含む。
スオリゴヌクレオチド、低分子干渉リボ核酸など)形態の標的療法である。いくつかの実施形態では、チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤は、酵素のATP結合部位と結合することによって標的チロシンキナーゼを阻害する小分子である。
開第20100330093号を参照のこと)。いくつかの実施形態では、阻害剤はCTLA4に対する抗体である。いくつかの実施形態では、CTLA4抗体は、限定されないが、9H10(EBIOSCIENCE)、MDX010(MEDAREX)、1F4(GENETEX)、BNI3(GENETEX)、Q01(ABNOVA)、A01(ABNOVA)、M08(ABNOVA)、1B8(ABCAM)、WKH203(ABCAM)、ab9984(ABCAM)、ab13486(ABCAM)、イピリムマブ、チシリムマブまたはこれらの組み合わせを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、CTLA4抗体は、連続(すなわち、毎日)、1日複数回、隔日などで投与してもよく、本発明の免疫刺激剤の投与前、投与と同時、または投与後、例えば、治療レジメン期間中の同じ日(複数可)または別の日に投与してもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、CTLA4抗体は、例えば、1日当たり0.001〜50mg/kg(患者体重)の投与、または約0.01〜20mg/k、または約1〜15mg/kgの投与量範囲で投与される。
い。いくつかの実施形態では、統計的に有意な治療効果は、少なくとも50、100、200、300または350の患者集団のランダム化臨床試験によって、また本明細書に記載する基準のような、MD症状評価に関するいずれかの一般に容認された基準を使用して測定される。
の運動性ニューロパチーまたは感覚性ニューロパチー、ギランバレー症候群、重症筋無力症、局所免疫抑制療法に反応しない何らかの器官系免疫介在性眼疾患を伴う重度の免疫介在性反応が含まれる。
り得る。いくつかの実施形態では、対象は、60歳以上、65歳以上または70歳以上のヒト患者である。
ン酸またはタルク;ならびにその他の従来成分、例えばリン酸二カルシウム、ケイ酸アルミニウムマグネシウム、硫酸カルシウム、デンプン、乳糖、メチルセルロース及び機能的に同等の材料であってよい。錠剤はコーティングされていないか、あるいは崩壊及び消化管での吸収を遅延させ、それにより長期間にわたって持続した作用を提供するために既知の技術によってコーティングされている。例えば、モノステアリン酸グリセリルまたはジステアリン酸グリセリルなどの時間遅延材料を使用することができる。
たはカプセルの形態であり得る。
レベルを提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、投与は、約100ng/mlの注射後、ピーク血漿レベルを提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、TA1の循環半減期は約2時間である。
上の態様で統計学的に均一である活性プロファイルを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、定量的パラメーターとしては、限定されないが、転写物存在量、転写物安定性、転写速度、翻訳速度、翻訳後修飾、タンパク質存在量、タンパク質安定性及び/またはタンパク質酵素活性などが挙げられる。1つ以上の態様において、一群の活性プロファイルが統計学的に均一であるかどうかは、当業者に既知のいずれかの好適な統計試験及び/またはアルゴリズムによって測定することができる。
Manual,Third Edition,Sambrook,Joseph(2001)を参照のこと。
・ 治療前の同じヒト対象のものと比較したとき、ヒト対象はIL−1β活性レベルが減少している、及び/または本発明の治療に反応するヒト対象またはヒト対象群のものと比較したとき、IL−1β活性の標準化または安定化を有している。
・ 治療前の同じヒト対象のものと比較したとき、ヒト対象はIL−4活性レベルが増加している、及び/または本発明の治療に反応するヒト対象またはヒト対象群のものと比較したとき、IL−4活性の標準化または安定化を有している。
・ 治療前の同じヒト対象のものと比較したとき、ヒト対象はIL−6活性レベルが減少している、及び/または本発明の治療に反応するヒト対象またはヒト対象群のものと比較したとき、IL−1β活性の標準化または安定化を有している。
・ 治療前の同じヒト対象のものと比較したとき、ヒト対象はIL−10活性レベルが減少している、及び/または本発明の治療に反応するヒト対象またはヒト対象群のものと比較したとき、IL−1β活性の標準化または安定化を有している。
al.(2010);Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry,Ed.Egli,Martin(2010); Current Protocols in Bioinformatics,Ed.Baxevanis,Andreas D.(2010);及びMolecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,Third Edition,Sambrook,Joseph(2001)を参照のこと。
[実施例]
B16F10マウス黒色腫モデルは、MB16系統に由来し、転移クローンから逐次選抜する。マウスにF10を10回継代接種することにより転移性を高め、B16F1からB16F10(ATCC番号CRL−6475(商標))を発生させた。このモデルは転移機序の研究、癌治療の評価に広く使用されている。また、癌免疫療法のための最も一般的な同系モデルの1つでもある。皮下転移モデル及び実験転移モデルはいずれも非常に有用である。
上記の試験では、IL−7、IL−18、TREM−1、IFN−α、プロカルシトニン、GM−CSF、IL−1α、IFN−γ、TNFα、IL−2、IL−4、IL−5、IL−6、IL−10、IL−12p70及びIL−1βを含め、潜在的バイオマーカー群を試験した。ビヒクルまたはZADAXIN(商標)(チマルファシン)によって処置されたマウスの一部特定のバイオマーカー濃度を図4A〜図4Dに示す。この結果は、これらのバイオマーカーを、癌治療(単剤または併用療法)の有効性評価、治療が有効である患者の選択、及び臨床試験または治療の際の用量及び/またはレジメンの最適化に使用できることを示している。
処置内容は以下の通りであった。
1.ビヒクル、1日2回x10、s.c.
2.100ug/マウスのPD−1抗体、隔週x2、i.p.
3.0.486ug/マウスのTA1、1日2回x10、s.c.
4.4.86ug/マウスのTA1、1日2回x10、s.c.
5.48.6ug/マウスのTA1、1日2回x10、s.c.
6.PD−1抗体+TA1(100ug/マウス+0.486ug/マウス;隔週x2+1日2回x10、i.p+s.c.)
7.PD−1抗体+TA1(100ug/マウス+4.86ug/マウス;隔週x2+1日2回x10、i.p+s.c.)
8.PD−1抗体+TA1(100ug/マウス+48.6ug/マウス;隔週x2+1日2回x10、i.p+s.c.)
9.シクロホスホミド300mg/kg、1日1回x1、i.p.
材料及び方法
マウス:雌性B6D2F1/Crlマウス(Charles River)は試験のD1時に9週齢であり、体重範囲は19.2〜24.5gであった。動物には、水(逆浸透、Cl濃度1ppm)と、18.0%の粗タンパク質、5.0%の粗脂肪及び5.0%の粗繊維からなるNIH 31 Modified and Irradiated Lab Diet(登録商標)を不断給餌した。12時間の照明周期、20〜22℃(68〜72°F)及び湿度40〜60%で、静的マイクロアイソレーター内の照射されたEnrich−o’cobs(商標)床敷上で、マウスを飼育した。DRS−NCは、拘束、飼畜、外科的手技、給餌及び体液調節、ならびに獣医による管理に関して、具体的には「実験動物の管理と使用に関する指針(Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals)」の勧告を遵守している。DRS−NCの動物管理及び使用プログラムは、実験動物の管理及び使用に対する承認規格の遵守を保証する「国際実験動物ケア評価認証協会(Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International)」によって公認されている。
SCE抗体をPBSで希釈して10.0mg/mLの投与液を得た。これは、投与容量10mL/kgで、100mg/kgの投与量に相当した。体重当たりの用量は調節しなかった。シクロホスファミドは生理食塩水で希釈して15.0mg/mLの投与液を得た。これは、投与容量15mL/kgで、300mg/kgの投与量に相当した。体重当たりの用量を調節した。シクロホスファミドは試験開始時に一度に調製し、4℃で保存した。
第1群の動物は、PBSをs.c.(終了まで1日2回)投与し、対照処置群として利用した。
第2群には、SR1を220.51mg/kg(200mg/kg遊離塩基)(終了まで1日2回)でs.c.投与した。
第3群には、抗PD−1−SCEを100mg/kg(隔週x3)でi.p.投与した。第4群は、SR1及び抗PD−1−SCEの両方を、それぞれ220.51mg/kgでs.c.投与(終了まで1日2回)、100mg/kgでi.p.投与(隔週x3)した。
第5群は、陽性対照群として設定し、300mg/kgでシクロホスファミドをi.p.投与した(1日1回x1)。
第6群は、「観察」動物として設定し、何も処置を受けなかった。
阻害率=[1−(薬物処置時の転移数/対照の転移数)]x100
・ 試験開始1日前に細胞を移植する。
・ 0%マトリゲルiv中で1.5x105B16MET腫瘍細胞をもつ59匹のCR雌性B6D2F1マウスを準備する。
・ 尾静脈。
・ 細胞注入量は、0.2mL/マウスである。
・ 開始時の年齢:8〜12週齢。
・ 体重:5/2、その後終了まで隔週
・ 転移計数:エンドポイント時
・ いかなる有害反応または死亡もRM、SD、RDまたはSHに直ちに報告する。
・ 単一観察で体重損失が30%超であるか、または3回の連続した測定で体重損失が25%超である個体動物があれば安楽死させる。
・ 平均体重損失が20%超であるか、または死亡率が10%超である群があれば、投薬を中止する。
・ この群は安楽死させず、回復にまかせる。体重損失が20%超である群内で、個々の体重損失エンドポイントに達している個体を安楽死させる。体重損失を伴う処置群が、元の体重の10%以内に戻っている場合、低用量または低頻度の投薬スケジュールで投薬を再開することができる。非処置期間の体重回復率に関して、個々の事例に応じて例外を考慮することができる。
・ エンドポイント:肺群当たり約100転移。
・ CRL−NC SOP#687に従って瀕死の動物を安楽死させる。呼吸困難の徴候を示している動物もまた、上記のように安楽死させる。
第1群の動物にはPBSを投与し、対照処置群として利用した。
第2群〜第4群には、それぞれ0.4862、4.862及び48.62μg/マウス(0.441、4.41及び44.1μg/マウス、遊離塩基)のSR1を投与した。
第5群及び第6群には、それぞれ33.33及び100μg/マウスの抗PD−1を投与した。
第7群〜第9群には、33μg/マウスの抗PD−1投与と組み合わせて、それぞれ0.4862、4.862及び48.62μg/マウスのSR1を投与した。
第10群〜第12群には、100μg/マウスの抗PD−1投与と組み合わせて、それぞれ0.4862、4.862及び48.62μg/マウスのSR1を投与した。
第13群は陽性対照群として設定し、300mg/kgでシクロホスファミドを投与した。
第14群は、「観察」動物として設定し、何も処置を受けなかった。
Claims (30)
- 対象における癌又はその転移を治療するための医薬の製造のための第1及び第2の医薬組成物の使用であって、前記第1の医薬組成物が、治療的有効量のアルファサイモシンペプチドを含み、かつ前記第2の医薬組成物が、治療的有効量のプログラム細胞死1(PD−1)阻害剤を含む、前記使用。
- 対象がヒトである、請求項1に記載の使用。
- アルファサイモシンペプチドが、少なくとも治療の一部期間で、0.1〜10mg/日の範囲内の投与量で対象に投与される、請求項1又は2に記載の使用。
- アルファサイモシンペプチドの投与量が、0.5〜10mg/日の範囲内である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の使用。
- アルファサイモシンペプチドが、少なくとも治療の一部期間で、約0.01〜約6mg/kgの投与量で対象に投与される、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の使用。
- アルファサイモシンペプチドがサイモシンアルファ1(TA1)である、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の使用。
- TA1が1〜10日間の期間、毎日投与され、それに続く1〜5日間、TA1は非投与である、請求項6に記載の使用。
- TA1が3〜5日間毎日投与され、それに続く2〜4日間、TA1は非投与である、請求項7に記載の使用。
- TA1が4日間毎日投与され、それに続く3日間、TA1は非投与である、請求項8に記載の使用。
- PD−1阻害剤が、約0.01〜1000mg/日の投与量で対象に投与される、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の使用。
- PD−1阻害剤が、約0.1〜10mg/kgの投与量で対象に投与される、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の使用。
- PD−1阻害剤が、PD−1に対する抗体である、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の使用。
- PD−1阻害剤が、PD−1に対するリガンドを阻害する薬剤である、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の使用。
- PD−1に対するリガンドを阻害する薬剤が、抗PD−L1抗体である、請求項13に記載の使用。
- 使用が、第3の医薬組成物の使用をさらに含み、かつ前記第3の医薬組成物が、追加の抗がん剤を含む、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 使用が、第3の医薬組成物の使用をさらに含み、かつ前記第3の医薬組成物が、キナーゼ阻害剤を含む、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の使用。
- キナーゼ阻害剤がソラフェニブを含む、請求項16に記載の使用。
- キナーゼ阻害剤が、10〜200mg/日の範囲内の投与量で対象に投与される、請求項16又は17に記載の使用。
- 使用が、第3の医薬組成物の使用をさらに含み、かつ前記第3の医薬組成物が抗悪性腫瘍性の熱ショックアポトーシス活性化因子(HSAA)を含む、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の使用。
- HSAAが、STA−4783(エレスクロモル)を含む、請求項19に記載の使用。
- HSAAが、0.01〜100mg/kg/日の範囲内の投与量で対象に投与される、請求項19又は20に記載の使用。
- 使用が、第3の医薬組成物の使用をさらに含み、かつ前記第3の医薬組成物が、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球関連抗原4(CTLA4)に対する抗体を含む、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の使用。
- CTLA4抗体が、9H10、MDC010、1F4、BNI3、Q01、A01、M08、1B8、WKH203、ab9984、ab13486、イピリムマブ、チシリムマブ又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項22に記載の使用。
- CTLA4抗体が、0.001〜50mg/kg/日の範囲内の投与量で対象に投与される、請求項22又は23に記載の使用。
- 使用が、第3の医薬組成物の使用をさらに含み、かつ前記第3の医薬組成物が、アルキル化抗悪性腫瘍薬(AlkAA)を含む、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の使用。
- アルキル化抗悪性腫瘍薬(AlkAA)が、ダカルバジン(DTIC)を含む、請求項25に記載の使用。
- アルキル化抗悪性腫瘍薬(AlkAA)が、700〜1300mg/kg/日の範囲内の投与量で対象に投与される、請求項25又は26に記載の方法。
- 使用が、第3の医薬組成物の使用を含み、かつ前記第3の医薬組成物が、化学療法剤を含む、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 化学療法剤が、ダカルバジン(DTIC)又はシスプラチンである、請求項28に記載の使用。
- 癌が黒色腫である、請求項1〜29のいずれかに記載の使用。
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JP5790345B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-07 | 2015-10-07 | 株式会社リコー | 画像処理装置、画像処理方法、プログラムおよび画像処理システム |
PT3381942T (pt) * | 2012-08-30 | 2021-05-24 | Amgen Inc | Método para o tratamento do melanoma que utiliza um vírus herpes simplex e um inibidor de checkpoint imunitário |
RU2740288C2 (ru) | 2014-10-21 | 2021-01-12 | Сайклон Фармасьютикалз Интернешнл Лтд. | Лечение рака иммуностимуляторами |
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