JP2020535108A - 植物のモザイクウイルス及び細菌感染の処置 - Google Patents
植物のモザイクウイルス及び細菌感染の処置 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年9月28日出願の米国仮出願第62/564,517号の優先権を主張するものであり、内容を参照することにより組み込まれる。
本明細書で用いる、「微生物ベースの組成物」とは、微生物やその他細胞培養物の成長の結果生成された成分を含む組成物を意味する。このように、微生物ベースの組成物は、微生物自体及び/又は微生物成長副生成物を含む。微生物は、植物状態、胞子の形態、菌糸形態、微生物散布体のその他の形態、又はこれらの混合物であってよい。微生物は、プランクトン、又はバイオフィルム形態、又は両方の混合物であってよい。成長副生成物は、例えば、代謝物(例えば、生物界面活性剤)、細胞膜成分、発現タンパク質やその他細胞成分である。微生物は、無傷又は溶解していてもよい。細胞は全くなくても、存在していてもよく、存在している場合は、例えば、組成物1ミリリットル当たり、1×104、1×105、1×106、1×107、1×108、1×109、1×1010、1×1011、1×1012又は1×1013以上の細胞又は散布体である。本明細書で用いる、散布体は、新たな及び/又は成熟した生物が発現する微生物の一部であり、これらに限られるものではないが、細胞、分生子、嚢胞、胞子(例えば、再生胞子、芽胞、外生胞子)、菌糸体、つぼみ及び種を発現することができる。
本発明は、1つ以上の有益な微生物及び1つ以上の微生物成長副生成物を含む微生物ベースの組成物を提供する。組成物は、微生物及び/又は成長副生成物が生成された発酵培地を含んでいてもよい。微生物成長副生成物は、組成物の微生物により生成したり、他の場所で生成されて、組成物に添加することができる。
本発明による有益な微生物は、例えば、非病原性バクテリア、酵母及び/又は菌類である。これらの微生物は、天然又は遺伝子組換え微生物であってよい。例えば、微生物は、特異的遺伝子により微生物を変形して、特定の特徴を示すようにしてもよい。微生物はまた、所望の菌株の変異体であってもよい。本明細書で用いる「変異体」は、菌株、遺伝子変異体又は標準微生物のサブタイプを意味し、変異体は、標準微生物に比べて、1つ以上の遺伝的変異(例えば、点突然変異、ミスセンス突然変異、ノンセンス突然変異、欠失、複製、フレームシフト突然変異又はリピート伸長)を有している。変異体を生成する手順は、微生物業界において周知されている。例えば、UV突然変異誘発及びニトロソグアニジンは、これまで広く用いられている。
本発明は、微生物を培養する方法、並びに微生物代謝物及び/又は他の微生物成長副生成物を生成する方法を利用する。本発明は、所望の規模での微生物の培養と微生物代謝物の生成に好適な培養プロセスをさらに利用する。培養プロセスは、これらに限られるものではないが、液内培養/発酵、固定状態発酵(SSF)、変形、混成(例えば、液内マトリックス)及び/又はこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
本発明の1つの微生物ベースの生成物は、単に、微生物を含む発酵ブロス及び/又は微生物により生成された微生物代謝物及び/又は残余の栄養素である。発酵生成物は、抽出や精製なしで直接使用される。所望であれば、抽出や精製は、文献に記載された標準的な抽出及び/又は精製方法や技術を用いて容易に行うことができる。
本発明を用いて、例えば、農業、園芸、温室、造園等における植物や作物の感染、侵入及び/又は疾病を処置することによって、植物の培養を向上することができる。利点を挙げると、本方法を用いて、病原体を制御したり、及び/又はこのような生物の植物から植物への伝播を防ぐことができる。
全ての形態のモザイクウイルスに加えて、本発明が有用なウイルス感染に影響される植物としては、これらに限られるものではないが、Carlavirus、Abutilon、Hordeivirus、Potyvirus、Mastrevirus、Badnavirus、Reoviridae、Fijivirus、Oryzavirus、Phytoreovirus、Mycoreovirus、Rymovirus、Tritimovirus、Ipomovirus、Bymovirus、Cucumovirus、Luteovirus、Begomovirus、Rhabdoviridae、Tospovirus、Comovirus、Sobemovirus、Nepovirus、Tobravirus、Benyvirus、Furovirus、Pecluvirus、Pomovirus、アルファルファモザイクウイルス、ビートモザイクウイルス、キャッサバモザイクウイルス、ササゲモザイクウイルス、キュウリモザイクウイルス、キビ属モザイクサテライトウイルス、ウメ輪紋ウイルス、南瓜モザイクウイルス、タバコモザイクウイルス、チューリップ破壊ウイルス及びズッキーニ黄斑モザイクウイルスが例示される。
本明細書で用いる、「植物」は、本明細書に定義された通り、農業で用いる植物を指す。植物は、例えば、庭で自立したものや、例えば、果樹園や農園作物の一部として、多くの植物の1つとすることができる。本発明が有用な植物としては、これらに限られるものではないが、穀物や草(例えば、小麦、大麦、ライ、オーツ、米、トウモロコシ、モロコシ、コーン)、ビーツ(例えば、マンゲルワーゼルやテンサイ)、果物(例えば、グレープ、ストロベリー、ラズベリー、ブラックベリー、仁果類、核果、ソフトフルーツ、リンゴ、梨、プラム、桃、アーモンド、サクランボや液果類)、マメ科作物(例えば、豆、レンズ豆、エンドウ豆や大豆)油料作物(例えば、アブラナ、マスタード、ケシ、オリーブ、ヒマワリ、ココナツ、ひまし油、ココアや落花生)、ウリ科(例えば、パンプキン、キュウリ、南瓜やメロン)、繊維植物(例えば、綿、亜麻、麻やジュート)、柑橘類(例えば、オレンジ、レモン、グレープフルーツやタンジェリン)、野菜(例えば、ほうれん草、レタス、アスパラガス、キャベツ、ニンジン、玉ねぎ、マト、ジャガイモやピーマン)、クスノキ科(例えば、アボカド、ニッケイ属や樟脳、また、同様に、タバコ、ナッツ、ハーブ、スパイス、薬草、コーヒー、ナス、サトウキビ、茶、ペッパー、ブドウの木、ホップ、オオバコ、ラテックス植物、切り花及び鑑賞木が例示される。
本発明の特定の実施形態において、微生物成長設備では、所望の規模で、対象の新鮮な高密度微生物及び/又は微生物成長副生成物を生成する。微生物成長設備は、適用場所又はその近くに配置される。設備は、バッチ、半連続又は連続培養で、高密度微生物ベースの組成物を生成する。
本発明及びその利点の理解を広げるために、例示としての以下の実施例を示す。以下の実施例は、本発明の方法、応用、実施形態及び変形のいくつかを示すものであり、本発明を限定しようとするものではない。数多くの変更及び修正を、本発明に関して行うことができる。
本発明のために、1000mlの水中、100gのグルコース、5gの酵母エキス、1gの尿素及び100gのキャノーラ油を含む発酵培地における、S. bombicolaの発酵により、ソホロリピドの天然混合物を合成する。5〜7日の発酵後、ソホロリピドを沈殿により集める。追加量の同じ栄養培地添加後、発酵をさらに3日間続けた後、さらに得られたSLPを集める。
S. bombicola発酵により得られた沈殿SLPを用いて、あらゆる種類のモザイクウイルスに対して、植物を処置する生成物を生成することができる。沈殿SLPは、通常、50%まで水を含むが、この種の処置生成物を調製するのに、さらなる濃度は必要でない。処置生成物は、0.1〜0.5%(v/v)の未精製SLPを含有している。
他の種類の処置生成物は、S. bombicola培養物を用いて、モザイクウイルス、その他微生物病原体、例えば、病原体グラム陽性バクテリアを処置することができる。培養物は、ポータブルな分配可能なリアクターで生成することができ、適用場所のごく近くでの生成物の現場生成ができる。
本発明を用いて、モザイクウイルスに感染したキュウリ植物を処置した。キュウリ植物の葉を0.2%のSLPを含む組成物で処置した。SLP組成物を、3日間にわたって、葉の表面にスプレーした。
グラム陽性バクテリアBacillus subtilisを広げたシャーレを、SLP0.5%溶液で処置した。処置後2日で、培養物成長のないハロー(直径0.5インチ以上)が観察された。
Claims (27)
- 植物のウイルス及びバクテリア植物病原性疾患を処置する組成物であって、有益な微生物及び/又はその成長副生成物を含み、前記微生物は、非病原性生物界面活性剤生成酵母又はバクテリアであり、前記成長副生成物は、生物界面活性剤である、組成物。
- 前記酵母は、Starmerella bombicola又はWickerhamomyces anomalusである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- バクテリアは、Bacillus subtilis又はBacillus amyloliquefaciensである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記微生物及び/又は成長副生成物が生成される発酵ブロスを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記微生物のない発酵ブロスを含む、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記生物界面活性剤は、グリコリピド又はリポペプチドである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記グリコリピドは、ソホロリピド、ラムノリピド、マンノシルエリスリトールリピド及びトレハロースリピドから選択される、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 前記リポペプチドは、サーファクチン、イツリン、リケニシン及びフェンギシンから選択される、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 前記生物界面活性剤は、0.1%〜0.5%の濃度のソホロリピドである、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 付着物質をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記付着物質は、0.001%(w/v)の濃度のキサンタンガムから選択される多糖類である、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- ウイルス及びバクテリア植物病原性疾患を処置する方法であって、有益な微生物及び/又はその成長生成物を含む組成物を、ウイルス又はバクテリア病原体に影響を受けた植物と接触させることを含む、方法。
- 前記ウイルス病原体は、モザイクウイルスである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物は、植物の葉又は枝葉に適用される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記有益な微生物は、生物界面活性剤生成酵母又はバクテリアである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記酵母は、Starmerella bombicola又はWickerhamomyces anomalusである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記バクテリアは、Bacillus subtilis又はBacillus amyloliquefaciensである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物は、微生物及び/又は成長副生成物が生成された発酵ブロスを含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記有益な微生物から分離された前記発酵ブロスを前記植物と接触させることを含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記成長副生成物は、グリコリピド生物界面活性剤又はリポペプチド生物界面活性剤である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記グリコリピドは、ソホロリピド、ラムノリピド、マンノシルエリスリトールリピド及びトレハロースリピドから選択される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記リポペプチドは、サーファクチン、イツリン、リケニシン及びフェンギシンから選択される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記生物界面活性剤は、0.1%〜0.5%の濃度のソホロリピドである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 付着物質を、前記組成物と共に前記植物に適用することをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記付着物質は、多糖類である、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記多糖類は、0.001%(w/v)の濃度のキサンタンガムである、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物は、請求項1〜9に記載の組成物である、請求項12に記載の方法。
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IL273022A (en) | 2020-04-30 |
CN111163639A (zh) | 2020-05-15 |
JP7390191B2 (ja) | 2023-12-01 |
IL273022B1 (en) | 2024-04-01 |
CO2020003000A2 (es) | 2020-04-13 |
PE20200716A1 (es) | 2020-06-30 |
AU2018341265A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
PH12020500406A1 (en) | 2021-03-01 |
KR20200049712A (ko) | 2020-05-08 |
BR112020006359A2 (pt) | 2020-09-24 |
IL273022B2 (en) | 2024-08-01 |
CL2020000770A1 (es) | 2020-08-07 |
CN111163639B (zh) | 2021-11-02 |
WO2019067380A3 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
CA3067248A1 (en) | 2019-04-04 |
SG11202001198XA (en) | 2020-03-30 |
CR20200182A (es) | 2020-06-13 |
WO2019067380A2 (en) | 2019-04-04 |
EP3654772A4 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
EA202090858A1 (ru) | 2020-07-09 |
EP3654772A2 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
US20210360932A1 (en) | 2021-11-25 |
MX2020003340A (es) | 2020-07-28 |
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