JP2020518957A - 燃料電池システムを運転するための方法およびシステム - Google Patents
燃料電池システムを運転するための方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
−空気システム:空気供給ユニットによる陰極回路のオプション的な除湿/乾燥後:空気供給の停止、次いで残りの体積内の酸素が数分および数秒以内に消散される。
−H2供給の遮断(例えば弁)、H2供給ユニットのポンピング、従って陽極回路が同様に遮断される。
−冷却システムが温度に依存して遮断され、この場合、これは空気およびH2制御に接続されていてよいが、必然的な形式ではない。
−電気システムの遮断。
12 ドライブトレイン
14 伝動装置
16 電気機械
18 車軸
20 インバータ
22 燃料電池システム
26 代替的なエネルギアキュムレータ
28 12ボルト車両バッテリ
30 サブシステム
32 バイパスフラップ
34 圧力制御フラップ
36 遮断弁
40 質量流量センサ
42 圧縮器
44 圧縮器駆動装置
46 中間冷却器
50 燃料電池スタック
52 冷却循環路
54 プラス極
56 マイナス極
58 低電圧コンバータ
62 符号
64 燃料電池コンバータ
80 コントロールユニット
82 第1のモジュール
84 第2のモジュール
86 ポジション、車両状態「オフ」
88 ポジション、車両状態「オン」
90 第1の学習機能
92 ネットワーク化されたデータ交換
94 配達モード
98 標準停止ルーチン
100 遅延延長
102 遅延延長
104 充電状態問い合わせ
106 遅延
108 ブリードダウンアクション
110 追加的な消費器、補助消費器
112 第2の学習機能
114 ストップ段階算出
SOC 充電状態
Claims (18)
- 車両(10)内に配置された燃料電池システム(22)および該燃料電池システム(22)の少なくとも1つのサブシステム(30)を運転するための方法であって、この場合、前記車両(10)のドライブトレイン(12)のためのエネルギを、前記燃料電池システム(22)からも、また代替的なエネルギアキュムレータ(26)からも引き出すことができる方法において、
a)前記車両(10)の停止段階および/またはストップ段階の回数および継続時間を、第1の車両状態(86)または第2の車両状態(88)で車両状態特有の学習機能(90,112)を用いて、所定の時間間隔で算出する方法ステップと、
b)前記燃料電池システム(22)の運転パラメータおよび前記燃料電池システム(22)の少なくとも1つの前記サブシステム(30)の運転パラメータを、前記車両(10)の停止段階および/またはストップ段階の算出された回数および継続時間に依存して調節する方法ステップと、
を有している、燃料電池システムを運転するための方法。 - 前記方法ステップa)およびb)に追加して、前記代替的なエネルギアキュムレータ(26)の充電状態範囲(SOC=充電の状態)の適合(96)を実施することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記代替的なエネルギアキュムレータ(26)の充電状態範囲の適合が、最小−最大−限界の適合を含み、かつ/または充電状態の開ループ制御/閉ループ制御の適合を含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記第1の車両状態(86)に割り当てられた第1の学習機能(90)で、前記車両(10)の運転形式を、再始動までの個別走行間の前記車両の(10)の停止段階および/またはストップ段階に関して実施し、このために、コントロールユニット(80)の内部タイマ、ネットワーク化されたデータ交換(92)、局所的なEEPROMでのデータ記憶、および前記運転形式の評価を、数時間および/または数日および/またはより長い期間にわたって実施することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第2の車両状態(88)に割り当てられた第2の学習機能(112)で、発生したアイドリングストップ段階に関する、停止されていない車両(10)における少なくとも1回の走行サイクル中の前記車両(10)の運転形式を算出することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1の学習機能(90)および/または前記第2の学習機能(112)が前記車両(10)の実際の走行ルートを考慮することを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記第1の学習機能(90)および/または前記第2の学習機能(112)が、周囲温度および別の運転パラメータ、例えば車載電源網の実際の消費、周囲空気の湿気、バッテリの劣化、燃料電池スタック(50)の劣化、車両空調の状態を考慮することを特徴とする、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 所定の時間間隔で算出された前記停止段階の回数が第1の閾値を上回り、前記停止段階の平均的な継続時間が第2の閾値を下回った場合のために、前記燃料電池システム(22)の第1または第2の運転状態を設定することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記燃料電池システム(22)の前記第1の運転状態が、前記燃料電池システム(22)の引き延ばされた遮断を含んでいて、この引き延ばされた遮断内で前記燃料電池システム(22)がアイドリングで運転され、発生したエネルギが前記代替的なエネルギアキュムレータ(26)内に蓄えられ、かつ/または追加的な消費器(110)に伝送されることを特徴とする、請求項8記載の方法。
- 所定の時間間隔で算出された前記停止段階の回数が第3の閾値を上回り、前記停止段階の平均的な継続時間が第4の閾値を下回った場合のために、前記燃料電池システム(22)の第2または第3の運転状態を設定することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記燃料電池システム(22)の前記第2の運転状態が、最小負荷および最小回転数における前記燃料電池システム(22)の前記サブシステム(30)空気供給の運転を含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項8または10記載の方法。
- 前記燃料電池システム(22)の前記第2の運転状態が、開放されたバイパスフラップ(32)による、前記燃料電池システム(22)の前記燃料電池スタック(50)に沿った空気質量流量のガイドを含むことを特徴とする、請求項10または11記載の方法。
- 前記代替的なエネルギアキュムレータ(26)のSOCがその最大値に達した場合のために、前記燃料電池システム(22)の第3の運転状態で追加的な消費器(110)のスイッチオンを行うことを特徴とする、請求項10記載の方法。
- コンピュータプログラムであって、該コンピュータプログラムがプログラミング可能なコンピュータ装置で実行されると、請求項1から11までのいずれか1項記載の方法を実施する、コンピュータプログラム。
- 車両(10)内に配置された燃料電池システム(22)を運転するためのシステムであって、前記車両(10)のドライブトレイン(12)のためのエネルギを、前記燃料電池システム(22)から、または前記代替的なエネルギアキュムレータ(26)から引き出すことができる形式のものにおいて、
第1の学習機能(90)を実行するための第1のモジュール(82)と、第2の学習機能(112)を実行するための第2のモジュール(84)とを有しており、前記第1および第2の学習機能で、再始動するまでの個別走行間の停止時間/休止時間に関する前記車両(10)の運転形式、または発生したアイドリングストップ段階に関する1回の走行サイクル中の前記車両(10)の運転形式が算出され、
この場合、前記燃料電池システム(22)が少なくとも1つのサブシステム(30)空気供給を含んでいて、前記サブシステム(30)空気供給で、該サブシステム(30)空気供給の最小負荷時に発生する空気質量流量を燃料電池スタック(50)に沿ってガイドするために、最小負荷下の非常に低い圧力による空気供給のために圧力制御フラップ(34)およびバイパスフラップ(32)が完全に開放されていることを特徴とする、燃料電池システム(22)を運転するためのシステム。 - 前記燃料電池スタック(50)の前に遮断弁(36)が配置されていて、該遮断弁(36)の開放圧力が、前記サブシステム(30)空気供給による最小の空気圧縮によって生ぜしめられる最小圧力をやや上回っていることを特徴とする、請求項15記載の燃料電池システム(22)を運転するためのシステム。
- ナビゲーションシステムに接続されており、該ナビゲーションシステムを介して、所定の走行目標およびこの走行目標に対する残りの走行距離が確定されている、請求項15および16記載のシステム。
- 請求項15から17までのいずれか1項記載のシステムを有する車両(10)において、前記代替的なエネルギアキュムレータ(26)が単数または複数の高電圧バッテリおよび/またはスーパーコンデンサを含んでいる、車両(10)。
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