JP2020514470A - 石油から硫黄および金属を除去する方法 - Google Patents
石油から硫黄および金属を除去する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020514470A JP2020514470A JP2019536158A JP2019536158A JP2020514470A JP 2020514470 A JP2020514470 A JP 2020514470A JP 2019536158 A JP2019536158 A JP 2019536158A JP 2019536158 A JP2019536158 A JP 2019536158A JP 2020514470 A JP2020514470 A JP 2020514470A
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 金属化合物および硫黄を石油原料から選択的に除去する方法であって、
予熱水流れおよび予熱石油原料を混合ゾーンに供給するステップであって、前記予熱水流れは、水の臨界温度よりも高い温度にあり、かつ水の臨界圧力よりも高い圧力にあり、前記予熱石油原料は、150℃よりも低い温度にあり、かつ水の臨界圧力よりも高い圧力にある、ステップと、
混合流れを形成するために、前記予熱水流れと前記予熱石油原料とを混合するステップと、
アップグレーディング流れを生成するために、前記混合流れを第1の超臨界水反応器に導入するステップであって、前記第1の超臨界水反応器は、水の臨界圧力よりも高い圧力にあり、かつ水の臨界温度よりも高い温度にあり、前記第1の超臨界水反応器には外部から供給された水素は存在しない、ステップと、
希釈流れを生成するために、前記アップグレーディング流れと補給水流れとを、補給混合ゾーン内において合わせるステップであって、前記補給水流れは水の臨界温度よりも高く、かつ水の臨界圧力よりも高く、前記補給水流れは、前記希釈流れにおける、油に対する水の体積流量比を、前記アップグレーディング流れに比べて増加させる、ステップと、
生成物流出物流れを生成するために、前記希釈流れを第2の超臨界水反応器に導入するステップであって、前記第2の超臨界水反応器は、前記第1の超臨界水反応器内の前記圧力よりも低い圧力にあり、前記第2の超臨界水反応器内の温度は、前記第1の超臨界水反応器内の前記温度と少なくとも同じであり、前記第2の超臨界水反応器は、転換反応の生起を可能とするように構成されている、ステップと
を備える、方法。 - 炭素分散水流れを生成するために、炭素分散ゾーン内において、前記補給水流れに炭素を混合するステップであって、前記炭素は炭素材料を含み、前記炭素は、石油原料の0.05wt%と石油原料の1.0wt%との間の範囲で存在し、前記炭素分散水流れは、水の臨界温度よりも高い温度および水の臨界圧力よりも高い圧力にある、ステップと、
希釈炭素分散流れを生成するために、前記補給混合ゾーン内において、前記アップグレーディング流れに前記炭素分散水流れを混合するステップであって、前記炭素は、前記希釈炭素分散流れ中に分散され、前記炭素は、前記アップグレーディング流れ中に存在する金属を捕捉することが可能である、ステップと、
炭素分散生成物流出物流れを生成するために、前記希釈炭素分散流れを前記第2の超臨界水反応器に導入するステップと、
冷却炭素分散流出物を生成するために、前記炭素分散生成物流出物流れをフィルタ冷却装置に導入するステップであって、前記冷却炭素分散流出物は、225℃よりも低い温度にある、ステップと、
使用済み炭素および濾過流れを生成するために、前記冷却炭素分散流出物を濾過要素に導入するステップであって、前記濾過要素は、前記炭素を前記冷却炭素分散流出物から分離するように構成される、ステップと、
冷却流れを生成するために、前記濾過流れを冷却装置に導入するステップと
をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 減圧流れを生成するために、前記冷却流れを圧力降下装置に供給するステップと、
前記減圧流れを分離器ユニット内において、気相生成物と、水相生成物と、液状石油生成物とに分離するステップと、
軽質油生成物および残渣生成物を生成するために、前記液状石油生成物を炭化水素分離器内において分離するステップと
をさらに備える、請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記炭素材料が、カーボンブラック、活性炭、およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記炭素材料が、炭素粒子を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記炭素粒子が、10マイクロメートル未満の粒子直径を有する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記炭素粒子が、少なくとも80wt%の炭素含有率を有する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 冷却流れを生成するために、前記反応器流出物を冷却装置内において冷却するステップと、
減圧流れを生成するために、前記冷却流れを圧力降下装置に供給するステップと、
前記減圧流れを、分離器ユニット内において、気相生成物と、水相生成物と、液状石油生成物とに分離するステップと、
軽質油生成物および残渣生成物を生成するために、前記液状石油生成物を炭化水素分離器内において分離するステップと
をさらに備える、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記石油原料が、全地域原油、常圧蒸留残油、重油、製油所流れ、製油所流れからの残渣、原油精製所からのクラッキング生成物流れ、スチームクラッカーからの流れ、常圧残渣流れ、減圧残渣流れ、石炭由来炭化水素、およびバイオマス由来炭化水素からなる群から選択される石油系炭化水素である、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の超臨界水反応器に流入する、水に対する石油原料の体積流量比が、1:10と1:0.1との間である、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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