JP2020510095A - プロバイオティクス分子を含む組成物および方法 - Google Patents
プロバイオティクス分子を含む組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、プロバイオティクス分子(probiotic molecules)に関する。より詳しくは、本発明は、側面において、プロバイオティクス分子、プロバイオティクス分子を含む組成物、ならびにプロバイオティクス分子の様々な方法および使用に関する。
ラクトバチルス種によって産生される小さなバイオペプチドは、腸管出血性大腸菌感染に対して有効であることが示されている[Medellin-Pena et al., 2009]。それは、コロニー形成とクオラムセンシング(quorum sensing)に関与する大腸菌遺伝子の転写に影響を与え、ダウンレギュレートすることが示され、これにより大腸菌の宿主上皮細胞への付着が防止できた[Medellin-Pena et al., 2009]。バイオペプチドが大腸菌(E. coli)タイプIII分泌システム(T3SS)に影響を及ぼし、クオラムセンシング(QS)シグナル伝達システムを妨げることができ、これにより毒性遺伝子のダウンレギュレーションをもたらすことが示された[Medellin-Pena et al., 2007, Medellin-Pena and Griffiths, 2009]。
本発明は、下記図面を参照しながら下記説明からさらに理解されるであろう。
一側面によると、19未満のアミノ酸残基を有する、アミノ酸配列 MALPPKを有するペプチドが提供される。
プロバイオティクス分子は、胃腸管感染症の治療に使用されることが記載されている。以下の理論に拘束されることを意図するものではないが、国際特許出願公開番号WO 2009/155711号およびWO 2015/021530号に記載される分子は、III型分泌システム(T3SS)病原体のクオラムセンシング(quorum sensing)(QS)システムを妨げると考えられており、以前の研究から、プロバイオティクス分子が様々な腸内病原体の病原性遺伝子のダウンレギュレーションを引き起こす可能性があることが示された。L.アシドフィルス(L. acidophilus)株の無細胞抽出物は、クロストリジウム ディフィシル(Clostridium difficile)のクオラムセンシングを妨害することができ、C.ディフィシル(C. difficile)の病原性遺伝子をダウンレギュレートすることができた[Yun et al., 2014]。ラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)株およびビフィドバクテリウム(Bifidobacterium)株の無細胞抽出物は、カンピロバクター ジェジュニ(Campylobacter jejuni)の成長を阻害し、flaA sigma 28プロモーターをダウンレギュレートし、カンピロバクター ジェジュニ(Campylobactor jejuni)のciaBおよびflaA遺伝子の発現をダウンレギュレートできた[Ding et al., 2005, Mundi et al., 2013]。ラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)によって産生されるプロバイオティクス分子は、サルモネラ(Salmonella)の病原性に影響を及ぼすことが知得され、T3SSに関与する病原性遺伝子を主に標的とすることが示された[Sharma 2014]。2015年に実施されたフィールドトライアルでは、離乳子豚を用いてin vivoでプロバイオティクス分子を試験し、下痢の重篤度及び症例の減少に有意な効果があることが判明した[University of Guelph/MicroSintesis, 2015]。
特記しない限り、本明細書で使用される技術用語および科学用語は、本発明が属する技術分野の当業者によって一般に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。例えば、Singleton et al., Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology 2nd ed.、J. Wiley & Sons (New York, N.Y. 1994); Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual, Cold Springs Harbor Press (Cold Springs Harbor, NY 1989)を参照のこと。また、これらはそれぞれ参考で全体を本明細書中に引用される。本発明を目的として、下記用語は下記の通り定義される。
本発明は、プロバイオティクス細菌(probiotic bacteria)から単離されたプロバイオティクス分子、および患者の感染、典型的には非腸管感染を最小化、阻害、治療、および/または予防できる上記細菌の、無細胞上清等の、さらなる培養画分を提供する。特に、当該分子は、Aerococcus属、Bacillus属、Bacteroides属、Bifidobacterium属、Clostridium属、Enterococcus属、Fusobactehum属、Lactobacillus属、Lactococcus属、Leuconostoc属、Melissococcus属、Micrococcus属、Pediococcus属、Peptostrepococcus属、Propionibacterium属、Staphylococcus属、Streptococcus属およびWeissella属からなる群より選択される1以上の細菌種由来であってもよい。詳細なプロバイオティック活性(probiotically active)乳酸菌種としては、Enterococcus faecalis、Enterococcus faecium、Lactobacillus acidophilus、Lactobacillus alimentarius、Lactobacillus casei Shirota、Lactobacillus casei subsp. paracasei、Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei、Lactobacillus casei、Lactobacillus crispatus、Lactobacillus curvatus、Lactobacillus delbruckii subsp. lactis、Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus、Lactobacillus farciminus、Lactobacillus fermentum、Lactobacillus gasseri、Lactobacillus helveticus、Lactobacillus johnsonii、Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei、Lactobacillus rhamnosus、Lactobacillus plantarum、Lactobacillus reuteri、Lactobacillus rhamnosus、Lactobacillus sake、Lactococcus lactis、Lactocoocus lactis subsp. cremoris、Streptococcus faecalis、Streptococcus faecium、Streptococcus salivariusおよびStreptococcus thermophilusがある。さらなる例としては、Bifidobacterium infantis、Bifidobacterium adolescentis、Bifidobacterium bifidum、Bifidobacterium longum、Bifidobacterium lactis、Bifidobacterium animalisおよびBifidobacterium breve等のプロバイオティック活性Bifidobacterium種がある。
予期せぬことに、本明細書に記載のプロバイオティクス分子は、単離された形態でまたはプロバイオティクス分子が由来する細菌の形態で投与されるにかかわらず、感染症、いくつかの側面では腸管または非腸管感染症、の治療に使用できることを知得した。これらのうちの多くを以下に具体的に説明する。
腸管感染に一般的に関与する細菌の中には、EHEC等のEscherichia coli、Vibrio cholerae、ならびにSalmonellaの数種、Shigella、および嫌気性ストレプトコッカス(anaerobic streptococci)がある。腸管感染症は、下痢、腹部不快感、吐き気と嘔吐、ならびに食欲不振を特徴とする。激しい嘔吐と下痢により、体液と電解質が大幅に失われることがある。
尿路感染(UTI)は、ヒトで最も頻繁に起こる細菌感染症の1つであり、大腸菌はすべてのUTIの90%を担い、毎年推定1,130万人の女性に影響を及ぼしている[Marrs et al., 2005]。健康な女性の膣に見られるフローラを支配するLactobacillus菌株は、直腸から会陰にまで広がり、膣にバリアを形成して尿路病原体による侵入をブロックする。プロバイオティクスによってLactobacillusの数を人工的に増やすという概念は長い間理論化されてきたが、最近では効果的であることが示された[Reid and Bruce, 2005]。様々な研究により、UTIの治療、特に再発性UTIの予防に、使用されるLactobacillusのプロバイオティクス株のプラスの効果が示された[Bruce et al., 1992; Chrisholm, 2015; Delley et al., 2015; Stapleton et al., 2011]。再発性尿路感染症に対する安全で効果的でかつ抗菌剤を使用しない(non-antimicrobial)治療法を見つけることが強く求められている[Stapleton et al., 2011]。
別の一般的な感染症としては細菌性膣炎(BV)があり、これは膣細菌叢において保護性乳酸菌の優勢が病原性細菌に移行することを特徴とし、婦人科診療所への訪問者の最大25%を占める[Barrons and Tassone, 2008]。BVは、HIV感染のリスクを高め、低出生体重児や早産のリスクを高める[Reid and Burton, 2002]。従来の抗生物質によるBV治癒率は低く、6か月で女性の最大50%で感染が再発する[Barrons and Tassone, 2008]。ラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)株を毎日摂取することにより、無症候性BV患者で正常な膣内細菌叢が回復した[Reid and Burton, 2002]。研究では、ラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)株のみの使用は、標準的な抗生物質療法と同等のBV治癒率に関連していることがわかった[Barrons and Tassone, 2008]。
呼吸器感染には、広範な感染症(中耳炎、肺炎、咽頭炎)およびインフルエンザ菌(Haemophilus influenzae)、化膿連鎖球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)、肺炎連鎖球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、緑膿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、および黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)などの一般的な株などの、病原体がある[Nagalingam et al, 2013]。呼吸器感染は、特に乳児および高齢者にとって非常に深刻であり、世界中の罹患率および死亡率に大いに寄与している。別の治療法と予防法が有益であろう[Veras de Araujo et al., 2015]。
ヘリコバクター ピロリ(Helicobacter pylori)は、慢性胃炎を引き起こし、消化性潰瘍疾患の発症の原因であり、胃粘膜関連リンパ組織リンパ腫や胃腺癌などの胃悪性腫瘍の発症の危険因子と考えられる[Wang et al., 2004]。既存の抗生物質治療は有効であるものの、抗菌薬耐性に対する懸念がある。さらに、そのような薬物は、しばしば治療の中止につながるマイナスの副作用を引き起こす可能性がある。これらの理由により、代替治療法を調査することが望ましい[Wang et al., 2004]。彼らの研究において、Wangら[2004]は、ラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)株およびビフィドバクテリウム(Bifidobacterium)株を含むプロバイオティクスヨーグルトを摂取すると、ヒトでピロリ菌(H. pylori)の感染を抑制できることを発見した[Wang et al., 2004]。さらに古い研究では、Lactobacillus acidophilus La1の上清がin vitroでピロリ菌(H. pylori)の成長を阻害し、ヒトでピロリ菌(H. pylori)に対して抑制効果があることが示された[Michetti et al., 1999]。Canducciらによる別の研究では、L. acidophilusの使用済み培養上清(spent culture supernatant)がin vitroおよびin vivoでピロリ菌(H. pylori)の生存率を劇的に低下できることも示された[2000]。これは、無細胞使用済み培地(cell free spent media)でラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)株によって産生されるプロバイオティクス生物活性物質が、ピロリ菌(H. pylori)感染の治療に有益な効果をもたらし得ることを強く示唆する。
メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)(MRSA)は、肺炎、敗血症、骨髄炎、心内膜炎など、生命を脅かす多くの感染症の原因となる。患者では、通常、長期間コロニーが形成化され(colonized)、患者の50%で1年後もまだコロニーが形成される(colonized)[Karska-Wysocki, et al., 2010]。MRSAは、多くの表面に付着できるバイオフィルム産生病原体である。この研究により、Lactobacillus acidophilusが24時間のインキュベーション後にMRSA細胞の99%を除去できることが示された。この研究は、上記効果をバイオフィルムの産生を阻害する生理活性ペプチドを産生する乳酸菌と結び付ける[Karska-Wysocki, et al., 2010]。本明細書に記載のプロバイオティクス分子は、バイオフィルムの生産を調節するQSシステムを妨げることが示された。これによりバイオフィルムを阻害できる可能性があるため、プロバイオティクス分子はMRSAだけでなく、他の抗生物質耐性病原体の治療にも有効であり得る。
科学的研究から、プロバイオティクスが口腔衛生の維持と口腔疾患の予防に効果的であることが示唆される。例えば、プロバイオティクスは共生細菌叢を強化し、病原体のコロニー形成(colonization)を防ぎ、歯肉の炎症を予防することが示された[Iniesta et al., 2012]。口腔衛生におけるラクトバチルス(Lactobacilli)プロバイオティクスの使用を評価する研究がいくつかある。結果から、L. reuteriを含む錠剤の使用が、唾液中のPrevotella intermediaさらにはP. gingivalis等の歯周病原体の数の有意な減少と関連するが示される[Iniesta et al., 2012]。上記結果から、L. reuteriのロゼンジの経口投与が、慢性歯周炎のスケーリング・ルートプレーニング(scaling and root planing)と併用できることが示される[Teughels et al., 2013]。
実施例1:尿路病原性大腸菌およびバイオペプチド同定の概要
目的:
これらの実験の目的は、La−5の無細胞上清が尿路病原性大腸菌(uropathogenic E. coli)(UPEC)の病原性遺伝子の発現をダウンレギュレーションするかどうかを判断することであった。
これらの実験に使用したLa−5無細胞上清はバッチD4であった。2種のUPEC株は、犬の尿路感染症から単離された。これらはグエルフ大学(University of Guelph)の病理生物学研究所から提供された。菌株1別名ではUPEC99株(strain 1 alias UPEC99)および菌株2別名ではUPEC804株(strain 2 alias UPEC804)。これらの菌株をLB寒天上で培養した。2つの異なる培地は試験LBおよび人工尿培地であった。
目的:
これらの実験の目的は、無細胞上清から生理活性ペプチドを特定することであった。
Sephadex G75樹脂を使用して、無細胞上清を分離した。サンプルを分離し、下記画分となるように集めた:画分1(>163000Da)、画分2(163000〜14500Da)、画分3(14500〜1300Da)、画分4(1300〜110Da)、画分5(110〜10Da)。これらのサンプルを集め、サルモネラ腸チフスDT104株(Salmonella enteric typhimurium DT104 strain)を使用してqPCRによってアッセイした。HilAのダウンレギュレーションを、参照遺伝子16Sと比較した。
表2.1〜2.5に示されるデータから、La−5発酵培地の無細胞上清で発見されたペプチドが、Salmonella enterica typhimurium DT104のHilA及びHemolysin A(HylA)の発現をダウンレギュレーションできることが示される。HylAは、UPECによって生成される細孔形成毒素であり、感染に関与する毒性因子の1つである。フラジェリン(FliC)の発現は無細胞上清の存在下ではダウンレギュレートされないため、相互作用は特異的であると考えられる。2つの独立した生産バッチは、用量依存的にHylAの特定のダウンレギュレーションを示した。サイズ排除画分3のde novoシーケンシングから4つのペプチドが同定された。これらの4つのペプチドおよび以前の特許からの2つの追加のペプチドが合成され、HylA遺伝子発現に対する効果をqPCRによって定量化した。YPVEPFを除くすべてのバイオペプチドは活性があり、MALPPKは分析した6つのペプチドの中で最も活性の高いペプチドであった。
目的:
この実験の目的は、生理学的細胞毒性アッセイを使用して本発明のラクトバチルス アシドフィルス(Lactobacillus acidophilus)の無細胞培地で尿路病原性大腸菌(uropathogenic E. coli)の毒素産生が減少したかどうかを判定することであった。
乾燥した無細胞上清をLBブロス(14mg/mL)に溶解し、0.1N NaOHを用いてpH 7.2に調整した。この溶液を最終濃度になるようにLBブロスで希釈した。ブロス(5mL)に50μLのUPEC099株18時間培養物を接種した。サンプルを200rpmで攪拌しながら37℃で4時間生育させた。培養液の1mLアリコートを10,000×gで遠心して、大腸菌細胞を除去した。上清(100μL)を1mLのHT29哺乳動物細胞(1E6細胞/mL)に加え、5%CO2を添加しながら37℃で1時間インキュベートした。インキュベーション後、混合物を1.5mLチューブに移し、250×gで遠心して、哺乳動物細胞を除去した。上清(50μL)を、Pierce Lactate Dehydrogenase LDH細胞毒性アッセイ(Thermo Fisher Scientific)を用いた細胞毒性の試験に使用した。アッセイ用溶液は、製造業者の指示に従って調製した。上清50μLを96ウェルプレートでアッセイ反応混合物50μLとインキュベートした。ホイルをアッセイで覆って光から保護し、室温で30分間インキュベートした。反応停止(50μL)混合物を加え、96ウェルプレートを490nmおよび680nmで読み取った。吸光度値を用いて細胞毒性を計算し、データは阻害率(%)として表す。
図1および2に示されるデータは、無細胞上清によるUPEC毒素産生の阻害を表わす。これらのデータから、無細胞上清が用量依存的にHT29哺乳動物細胞に対する毒素の影響を低減できるという生理学的裏付けが提供される。乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼは細胞溶解の生理学的マーカーであり、エンドポイントアッセイにおける乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼの阻害から、より少ない哺乳類細胞が溶解されたことが示唆され、これから無細胞上清がUPEC099によって産生される毒素の量を減らすことができると推測される。
目的:
この実験の目的は、他のプロバイオティクス細菌が無細胞上清で同様の生物活性ペプチドを産生するかどうかを判断することである。
すべてのプロバイオティクス細菌を、同じ発酵培地を使用して48時間培養した。細胞を遠心により発酵培地から分離し、無細胞上清を0.1N NaOHを用いてpH7に中和した。上清を10mLのサンプルに分注し、凍結乾燥した。アリコートを生物学的アッセイまたはサイズ排除クロマトグラフィーに使用した。サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーでは、Sephadex G75樹脂を使用してサンプルを分離した。サンプルを分離し、以下の画分で集めた:画分1(>163000Da)、画分2(163000〜14500Da)、画分3(14500〜1300Da)、画分4(1300〜110Da)、画分5(110〜10Da)。各プロバイオティック培養物の画分3を集め、乾燥させた後、グエルフ大学先進分析センター(University of Guelph Advance Analytical center)でde novoシーケンシングにより、乾燥サンプルを分析した(表3)。
目的:
Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5などのプロバイオティクス細菌の無細胞上清が、抗生物質に対する薬剤耐性細菌、特にセフォキシチンに対するメチシリン耐性ブドウ球菌の感受性を高める可能性があるかどうかを判断すること。
これらの実験に使用されたLa−5無細胞上清は、バッチN9〜N10およびN13から得た。これらの実験では、下記3種のメチシリン耐性ブドウ球菌(MRS)株を使用した:1)イヌの皮膚感染からの臨床分離株である、Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(菌株の別名(strain alias) C260 22−2011 dtqa);2)カナダ、PEI、シャーロットタウンの食料品店から購入した牛肉から単離した家畜関連株である、Staphylococcus aureus(菌株の別名(strain alias) LA−414M SPA t034);および3)カナダ、PEI、シャーロットタウンの食料品店から購入した家禽肉から単離した、Staphylococcus aureus(菌株の別名(strain alias) 81M SPA t008)。3種のMRS株はすべて、プリンスエドワード島大学(University of Prince Edward Island)のAtlantic Veterinary College(AVC)によって提供された。これらの株のメチシリン耐性が、オキサシリンディスク拡散法を用いてAVCスタッフによって確認された。これらの株はもともとヒツジ血液寒天スラントで培養された後、溶原性ブロス寒天プレートに移された。メタノールに再懸濁したセフォキシチンを抗生物質耐性試験に使用し、2種類の異なる培地タイプ、標準溶原培地(standard Lysogeny Broth)及び標準BBL(商標)カチオン調整ミューラーヒントン培地(standard BBLTMCation-Adjusted Mueller-Hinton Medium)(Becton, Dickinson and Company)で生育を試験した。無細胞上清の存在下および非存在下で各培地で各株について、セフォキシチンの最小発育阻止濃度(MIC)を測定した。アッセイは、Staphylococcal speciesのMIC試験に関する臨床試験基準協会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute)(CLSI)ガイドライン[CLSI, 2015]、さらには欧州臨床微生物感染症協会(European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases)の抗菌薬感受性試験欧州委員会(European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing)(EUCAST)[EUCAST, 2003]に従って行った。
Claims (36)
- 19より少ないアミノ酸残基を有する、アミノ酸配列 MALPPKを有するペプチド。
- アミノ酸配列 MALPPKから構成されるペプチド。
- 68より少ないアミノ酸残基を有する、アミノ酸配列 CVLPPKを有するペプチド。
- アミノ酸配列 CVLPPKから構成されるペプチド。
- 9より少ないアミノ酸残基を有する、アミノ酸配列 HLLPLPを有するペプチド。
- アミノ酸配列 HLLPLPから構成されるペプチド。
- 19より少ないアミノ酸残基を有する、配列 XX[LまたはI]PPK、この際、各Xは、独立して、疎水性アミノ酸を表わす、を有するペプチド。
- 配列 XX[LまたはI]PPK、この際、各Xは、独立して、疎水性アミノ酸を表わす、から構成されるペプチド。
- 配列 X1X2[LまたはI]PPK、この際、X1はN、C、Q、M、S、およびTから選択され、X2はA、I、L、およびVから選択される、から構成されるペプチド。
- 4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、または20アミノ酸残基を有する、LPVPK、ALPK、EVLNCLALPK、LPLP、HLLPLPL、YVPEPF、KYVPEPF、およびEMPFKPYPVEPFからなる群より選択される配列を有するまたは前記配列から構成されるペプチド。
- ラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)、ラクトコッカス(Lactococcus)、ストレプトコッカス(Streptococcus)、ビフィドバクテリウム(Bifidobacterium)、ペディオコッカス(Pediococcus)およびこれらの組み合わせから選択されるプロバイオティクス細菌由来である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のペプチド。
- 前記ラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)が、ラクトバチルス アシドフィルス(La−5)(Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5))、ラクトバチルス ファーメンタム(Lactobacillus fermentum)、ラクトバチルス ラムノサス(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)、ラクトバチルス ロイテリ(Lactobacillus reuteri)、ラクトバチルス ヘルヴェティカス(Lactobacillus helveticus)、およびラクトバチルス プランタラム(Lactobacillus plantarum)から選択される、請求項11に記載のペプチド。
- 前記ラクトコッカス(Lactococcus)が、ラクトコッカス ラクティス(Lactococcus lactis)である、請求項11に記載のペプチド。
- 前記ビフィドバクテリウム(Bifidobacterium)が、ビフィドバクテリウム ロンガム(Bifidobacterium longum)、ビフィドバクテリウム ビフィダム(Bifidobacterium bifidum)、ビフィドバクテリウム インファンティス(Bifidobacterium infantis)およびビフィドバクテリウム クルディラクティス(Bifidobacterium crudilactis)ならびにこれらの混合物から選択される、請求項11に記載のペプチド。
- 前記ストレプトコッカス(Streptococcus)が、ストレプトコッカス サーモフィラス(Streptococcus thermophilus)である、請求項11に記載のペプチド。
- 前記ペプチドが、1以上の抗ウィルス剤、糖源、食用食品、栄養補助食品および摂取可能な液体と組み合わされる、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載のペプチド。
- 前記ペプチドが、無細胞上清またはその画分から濃縮される、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載のペプチド。
- 前記ペプチドが、凍結乾燥または噴霧乾燥などの、乾燥培養画分として提供される、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載のペプチド。
- 前記乾燥培養画分が、無細胞上清である、請求項18に記載のペプチド。
- 請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載のペプチドを含む組成物。
- 前記組成物が、食品、飲料、健康製品、薬剤、または栄養補助食品である、請求項20に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、前記ペプチドが由来する生きたままのプロバイオティクス細菌含む、請求項20または21に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、前記ペプチドが由来する細菌以外の生きたままのプロバイオティクス細菌を含む、請求項20〜22のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物中のペプチドが精製されている、請求項20〜23のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 患者の感染を治療するおよび/もしくは予防するならびに/または患者の感染の毒性を低減するための方法であって、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載のペプチドまたは請求項20〜24のいずれか1項に記載の組成物をそれらの必要のある患者に投与することを有する、方法。
- 前記感染が腸管感染である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記感染が非腸管感染である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記感染が、尿路感染、膣感染、気道感染、胃感染、バイオフィルム産生感染、乳房炎、皮膚感染、および口腔感染からなる群より選択される、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 抗生物質耐性の低減方法であって、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載のペプチドまたは請求項20〜24のいずれか1項に記載の組成物をそれらの必要のある患者に投与することを有する、方法。
- 前記方法はMRSの抗生物質耐性を低減するためである、請求項29に記載の方法。
- MRSの治療方法であって、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載のペプチドまたは請求項20〜24のいずれか1項に記載の組成物をそれらの必要のある患者に投与することを有する、方法。
- バイオフィルムを予防するまたは破壊するおよび/もしくは貫通する方法であって、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載のペプチドまたは請求項20〜24のいずれか1項に記載の組成物をそれらの必要のある患者に投与することを有する、方法。
- 創傷を治癒する方法であって、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載のペプチドまたは請求項20〜24のいずれか1項に記載の組成物をそれらの必要のある患者に投与することを有する、方法。
- 患者の組織への非腸内病原体の付着を低減する方法であって、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載のペプチドまたは請求項20〜24のいずれか1項に記載の組成物をそれらの必要のある患者に投与することを有する、方法。
- 必要な患者に対する請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載のペプチドまたは請求項20〜24のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含む不活性物。
- 一定期間にわたって前記不活性物から放出される、プロバイオティクス分子を含むステント、カテーテル、または創傷被覆材である、請求項35に記載の不活性物。
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