JP2020505760A - シュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法 - Google Patents
シュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020505760A JP2020505760A JP2019537778A JP2019537778A JP2020505760A JP 2020505760 A JP2020505760 A JP 2020505760A JP 2019537778 A JP2019537778 A JP 2019537778A JP 2019537778 A JP2019537778 A JP 2019537778A JP 2020505760 A JP2020505760 A JP 2020505760A
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- Prior art keywords
- iron oxide
- active material
- negative electrode
- sulfate
- electrode active
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 264
- 229910052598 goethite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)iron Chemical compound [O][Fe]O AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910006540 α-FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- -1 thiosulfate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 21
- 229940006280 thiosulfate ion Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002554 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].Cl[Fe+]Cl NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ONPIOWQPHWNPOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S ONPIOWQPHWNPOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- FGRVOLIFQGXPCT-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S FGRVOLIFQGXPCT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- LHOWRPZTCLUDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triperchlorate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O LHOWRPZTCLUDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Br-].[Br-] GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012692 Fe precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000608 Fe(NO3)3.9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052935 jarosite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001813 natrojarosite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000257465 Echinoidea Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004832 voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002588 FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SSUBAQORPAUJGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one;pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1.CN1CCCC1=O SSUBAQORPAUJGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021260 NaFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002055 nanoplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/02—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof using combined reduction-oxidation reactions, e.g. redox arrangement or solion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年9月15日付韓国特許出願第10−2017−0118857号に基づいた優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示されたすべての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれている。
また、本発明は、上述した方法で製造した負極活物質を含むシュードキャパシタ用負極組成物を提供する。
また、本明細書で使われる用語は、単に例示的な実施例を説明するために使われたものであり、本発明を限定する意図ではない。単数の表現は、文脈上明白に異なる意味を示さない限り、複数の表現を含む。本明細書において、「含む」、「備える」または「有する」などの用語は、実施された特徴、数字、段階、構成要素またはこれらを組み合わせたものが存在することを指定するためであり、一つまたはそれ以上の他の特徴や数字、段階、構成要素、またはこれらを組み合わせたものなどの存在または付加の可能性をあらかじめ排除しないものとして理解しなければならない。
発明の一実施形態によれば、鉄酸化物の前駆体物質と炭素数1〜18のアルコール系化合物を混合した後に、チオ硫酸イオンと硫酸イオンとを含む水溶液を添加して混合液を準備する段階;前記混合液を50〜75℃の温度で反応させてゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)を生成させる段階;および前記ゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)を250〜400℃の温度下で熱処理を行いヘマタイト(hematite)酸化鉄(α−Fe2O3)を生成させる段階;を含むシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法が提供される。
以下、本発明の理解を深めるために好ましい実施例を提示する。しかし、下記の実施例は、本発明の理解を容易にするために提供され、本発明の内容はこれによって限定されない。
比較例1
100mLのH2Oに1.2gの硫酸ナトリウム(Na2SO4)および2gのチオ硫酸ナトリウム(Na2S2O3)を溶解させてチオ硫酸イオンと硫酸イオンとを含む水溶液を製造した。また、100mLのエタノール(ethanol)に2.02gの塩化鉄(FeCl3・6H2O)を溶解させて鉄酸化物前駆体物質を含む混合液を製造した。前記アルコールと前駆体物質の混合液に、前記チオ硫酸イオンと硫酸イオンとを含む水溶液を混ぜて約2分間攪拌した。その後、常圧および約70℃の条件下で前駆体物質と硫酸イオンの混合液を約850rpmで攪拌して約5時間反応させてゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)を300mg生成させた(収率45%)。
1−1.ゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)の製造
100mLのH2Oに1.2gの硫酸ナトリウム(Na2SO4)および2gのチオ硫酸ナトリウム(Na2S2O3)を溶解させてチオ硫酸イオンと硫酸イオンとを含む水溶液を製造した。また、100mLのエタノール(ethanol)に2.02gの塩化鉄(FeCl3・6H2O)を溶解させて鉄酸化物前駆体物質を含む混合液を製造した。前記アルコールと前駆体物質の混合液に、先立って製造したチオ硫酸イオンと硫酸イオンとを含む水溶液を混ぜて約2分間攪拌した。その後、常圧および約70℃の条件下で前駆体物質と硫酸イオンの混合液を約850rpmで攪拌して約5時間反応させてゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)を300mg生成させた(収率45%)。
前記1−1段階で製造したゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)300mgを空気存在下で常圧および約300℃の条件下で約3時間熱処理工程を行って負極活物質としてヘマタイト(hematite)酸化鉄(α−Fe2O3)を260mg生成させた。この時、粒子構造において凝集、分解などの変化は観察されず、前駆体の形がウニ状構造を維持することが確認された。
実施例1のうちゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)の製造段階でチオ硫酸ナトリウム(Na2S2O3)を除いて、硫酸ナトリウム(Na2SO4)および塩化鉄(FeCl3・6H2O)を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法により負極活物質を製造した。この場合、ジャロサイト(jarosite,NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6)という物質が合成され、構造もウニ状構造を全く有さない構造であることを確認した。
実施例1のうちゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)の製造段階で硫酸ナトリウム(Na2SO4)を除いて、チオ硫酸ナトリウム(Na2S2O3)および塩化鉄(FeCl3・6H2O)を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法により負極活物質を製造した。
実施例1のうちゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)の製造段階で前駆体物質と硫酸イオンの混合液を常温、約25〜30℃の条件下で約5時間反応させることを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法により負極活物質を製造した。この場合、粒子形のゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)が合成された。
前記実施例1および比較例1〜3により製造した負極活物質を使用して次のような方法でシュードキャパシタを製造した後に、これに対するキャパシタ性能評価を行った。
電極活物質、導電材(アセチレンブラック)、バインダー(PDVF)をNMP溶液に分散後、グラッシーカーボン(glassy carbon)電極の上に塗布後に乾燥してシュードキャパシタ電極を製造した(活物質:導電材:バインダー=70:20:10,容量は全体固形分物質基準)。
Ag/AgClを基準電極として0V〜−1.1V電圧領域でサイクリックボルタンメトリー(cyclic voltammetry)でシュードキャパシタの比静電容量の評価を行い測定結果を下記表1に示した。
Claims (16)
- 鉄酸化物の前駆体物質と炭素数1〜18のアルコール系化合物を混合した後に、チオ硫酸イオンと硫酸イオンとを含む水溶液を添加して混合液を準備する段階、
前記混合液を50〜75℃の温度で反応させてゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)を生成させる段階、および
前記ゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)を250〜400℃の温度下で熱処理を行いヘマタイト(hematite)酸化鉄(α−Fe2O3)を生成させる段階を含む、シュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記鉄酸化物の前駆体物質は、塩化鉄(FeCl3・6H2O)、硝酸鉄(Fe(NO3)3・9H2O)、硫酸鉄(Fe2(SO4)3・xH2O)、臭化鉄(FeBr3)、過塩素酸鉄(Fe(ClO4)3、およびリン酸鉄(FePO4)からなる群より選ばれた1種以上である、請求項1に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記チオ硫酸イオンは、チオ硫酸ナトリウム(Na2S2O3)、チオ硫酸カリウム(K2S2O3)、およびチオ硫酸バリウム(BaS2O3)からなる群より選ばれた化合物1種以上から由来したものである、請求項1または2に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記硫酸イオンは、硫酸ナトリウム(Na2SO4)、硫酸リチウム(Li2SO4)、硫酸アンモニウム((NH4)2SO4)、および硫酸カリウム(K2SO4)からなる群より選ばれた化合物1種以上から由来したものである、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記アルコール系化合物は、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、およびイソプロパノールからなる群より選ばれた1種以上である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記鉄酸化物の前駆体物質を含む混合液の濃度は、20mM〜100mMである、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記チオ硫酸イオンと硫酸イオンとを含む水溶液の濃度は、チオ硫酸イオンと硫酸イオンを合わせて40mM〜200mMである、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記鉄酸化物の前駆体と、チオ硫酸イオンおよび硫酸イオンとの化学量論比は、鉄酸化物前駆体を基準に1:1〜1:7である、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記チオ硫酸イオンは、鉄前駆体基準の化学量論比で1:1〜1:4の濃度/含有量で含まれるものである、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ヘマタイト(hematite)酸化鉄(α−Fe2O3)は、ナノロッド(nano rod)が集合したウニ状構造を有するものである、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ナノロッド(nano rod)は、直径が10nm〜200nmであり、長さが300nm〜1000nmである、請求項10に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ヘマタイト(hematite)酸化鉄(α−Fe2O3)の数平均粒径は、0.6〜2μmである、請求項10または11に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ヘマタイト(hematite)酸化鉄(α−Fe2O3)は、比表面積が40m2/g以上である、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。
- 塩化鉄(FeCl3・6H2O)、硝酸鉄(Fe(NO3)3・9H2O)、またはその混合物と、メタノール、エタノール、またはその混合物とを混合した後に、チオ硫酸ナトリウム(Na2S2O3)と、硫酸ナトリウム(Na2SO4)、硫酸リチウム(Li2SO4)、またはその混合物とを含む水溶液を添加して混合液を準備する段階、
前記混合液を68〜72℃の温度で4〜6時間反応させてゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)を生成させる段階、および
前記ゲータイト(goethite)酸化鉄(α−FeOOH)を250〜400℃の温度下で2〜4時間熱処理を行いヘマタイト(hematite)酸化鉄(α−Fe2O3)を生成させる段階、
を含む、請求項1に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1ないし14のいずれか一項による方法で製造するヘマタイト(hematite)酸化鉄(α−Fe2O3)を活物質で含む、シュードキャパシタ用負極組成物。
- サイクリックボルタンメトリー(Cyclic voltammetry)で測定した比静電容量が1MのKOH電解質で300F/g以上である、請求項15に記載のシュードキャパシタ用負極組成物。
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