JP2020167025A - 固体電解質及び蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
固体電解質及び蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020167025A JP2020167025A JP2019066159A JP2019066159A JP2020167025A JP 2020167025 A JP2020167025 A JP 2020167025A JP 2019066159 A JP2019066159 A JP 2019066159A JP 2019066159 A JP2019066159 A JP 2019066159A JP 2020167025 A JP2020167025 A JP 2020167025A
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- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
固体電解質は、蓄電デバイスの正負電極間に介在し、主として正負電極にイオンを伝導する。蓄電デバイスは、電気エネルギーを充放電する受動素子であり、例えばリチウムイオン二次電池及び電気二重層キャパシタ等である。リチウムイオン二次電池は、ファラデー反応電極を有し、固体電解質中のリチウムイオンを電極に可逆的に挿入及び脱離させることにより電気エネルギーを充電及び放電する。電気二重層キャパシタは、電極の一方又は両方が分極性電極であり、電極と固体電解質との界面に形成される電気二重層の蓄電作用を利用して充電及び放電する。
蓄電デバイスは、固体電解質を挟んで正負の電極を対向させて成る。正負の電極の接触を防止し、また固体電解質の形態保持のために正負の電極の間にはセパレータが配される。但し、固体電解質が正負の電極の接触を防止可能な程度の厚みを有し、また単独で形態保持可能な硬度を備えるようにすれば、所謂セパレータレスであってもよい。
柔粘性結晶と未架橋のポリマーと電解質となるイオン性塩を用いて、実施例1の電気二重層キャパシタ用の固体電解質を作製し、イオン伝導度を測定した。実施例1の固体電解質には、柔粘性結晶を構成するアニオンとしてN,N−ヘキサフルオロ−1,3−ジスルホニルアミドアニオン(CFSAアニオン)が用いられた。柔粘性結晶を構成するカチオンはN−エチル−N−メチルピロリジニウムカチオン(P12カチオン)とした。未架橋のポリマーは、分子量150万のポリエチレンオキサイド(PEO)とした。イオン性塩はトリエチルメチルアンモニウム-テトラフルオロボレート(TEMABF4)とした。
実施例1の固体電解質を基準に、未架橋ではあるがポリマーの種類を変更した実施例2の電気二重層キャパシタ用の固体電解質を作製し、イオン伝導度を測定した。実施例2では、分子量が5万から20万の範囲に分布する未架橋のポリエチレンカーボネートを用いた。未架橋のポリマーが異なる点を除き、実施例2の固体電解質は実施例1と同一条件で作製された。
実施例1の固体電解質を基準に、柔粘性結晶の種類を変更した実施例3の電気二重層キャパシタ用の固体電解質を作製し、イオン伝導度を測定した。即ち、バイアル瓶には、FSAアニオンとP12カチオンにより構成されるP12FSAを柔粘性結晶として加えた。TEMABF4は、この柔粘性結晶に対して15mol%となるように加えられ、分子量150万の未架橋のPEOは、この柔粘性結晶に対して20wt%となるように加えられた。
実施例3の固体電解質を基準に、未架橋ではあるがポリマーの種類を変更した実施例4乃至6の電気二重層キャパシタ用の固体電解質を作製し、イオン伝導度を測定した。実施例4では、未架橋のポリエチレンカーボネートを用いた。実施例5では、未架橋のポリトリメチレンカーボネートを用いた。実施例6では、未架橋のポリエチレンカーボネートとポリトリメチレンカーボネートの混合を用いた。ポリエチレンカーボネートとポリトリメチレンカーボネートの混合比は、重量比で1:1である。このように、未架橋のポリマーが異なる点を除き、実施例4乃至6の固体電解質は実施例3と同一条件で作製された。
実施例7乃至10の固体電解質を作製し、イオン伝導度を測定した。実施例7乃至10の固体電解質は、CFSAアニオンとP12カチオンにより構成される柔粘性結晶を含み、電解質となるイオン性塩としてTEMABF4を含む点で共通する。但し、実施例7乃至10の固体電解質は、添加された未架橋のポリマーの種類は分子量150万のPEOであり共通であるが、その未架橋のポリマーの添加量が異なる。
実施例11乃至13の固体電解質を作製し、イオン伝導度を測定した。実施例11乃至13の固体電解質の各々は、未架橋のPEOの分子量が異なる。実施例11の固体電解質は、分子量80万の未架橋のPEOを柔粘性結晶に対して20wt%の割合で含まれる。実施例12の固体電解質は、分子量150万の未架橋のPEOを柔粘性結晶に対して20wt%の割合で含まれる。実施例13の固体電解質は、分子量250万の未架橋のPEOを柔粘性結晶に対して20wt%の割合で含まれる。その他、実施例11乃至13の固体電解質は実施例7の固体電解質と同一の作製条件で作製された。
Claims (6)
- 柔粘性結晶と未架橋のポリマーと電解質とを含むこと、
を特徴とする固体電解質。 - 前記ポリマーは、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリプロピレンオキサイド、ポリエステル、ポリエチレンカーボネート、ポリエチレンカーボネートの誘導体、ポリプロピレンカーボネート、ポリトリメチレンカーボネート又はポリトリメチレンカーボネートとポリカーボネートの共重合体のうちの1種類又は2種類以上であること、
を特徴とする請求項1記載の固体電解質。 - 前記柔粘性結晶は、NH2アニオンの2つの水素原子がパーフルオロアルキルスルホニル基、フルオロスルホニル基又はこれらの両方で置換された各種アミドアニオン、及び(パーフルオロアルキルスルホニル)フルオロアセトアミドアニオン、及びトリス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)メタニドアニオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートアニオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートアニオンの一部のフッ素原子がフルオロアルキル基で置換された各種パーフルオロアルキルホスフェートアニオン、及びテトラフルオロボレートアニオン、テトラフルオロボレートアニオンの一部のフッ素原子がフルオロアルキル基で置換された各種パーフルオロアルキルボレートアニオンの群から選ばれるアニオンを含むこと、
を特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の固体電解質。 - 前記各種アミドアニオンは、下記化学式(A)で表される各種ビス(パーフルオロアルキルスルホニル)アミドアニオン、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)アミドアニオン、及び各種N−(フルオロスルホニル)−N−(パーフルオロアルキルスルホニル)アミドアニオン、下記化学式(B)で表されるN,N−ヘキサフルオロ−1,3−ジスルホニルアミドアニオン、並びに下記化学式(C)で表されるN,N−ペンタフルオロ−1,3−ジスルホニルアミドの群から選ばれるアニオンであり、
前記各種パーフルオロアルキルホスフェートアニオンは、下記化学式(D)で表されるトリス(フルオロアルキル)トリフルオロホスフェートアニオンであり、
前記各種パーフルオロアルキルボレートアニオンは、下記化学式(E)で表されるモノ(フルオロアルキル)トリフルオロボレートアニオン、及びビス(フルオロアルキル)フルオロボレートアニオンの群から選ばれるアニオンであること、
を特徴とする請求項3記載の固体電解質。
- 請求項1乃至4の何れかに記載の固体電解質と、
前記固体電解質を挟んで対向する両電極と、
を備えること、
を特徴とする蓄電デバイス。 - 前記両電極の一方又は両方は、多孔質材料により成る活物質層と集電体を有する分極性電極であり、
前記分極性電極と前記固体電解質との境界面に電気二重層が形成されること、
を特徴とする請求項5記載の蓄電デバイス。
Priority Applications (1)
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