JP2020114662A - 複合材料を接合するための電磁誘導溶接装置および関連の接合方法 - Google Patents

複合材料を接合するための電磁誘導溶接装置および関連の接合方法 Download PDF

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JP2020114662A
JP2020114662A JP2019228234A JP2019228234A JP2020114662A JP 2020114662 A JP2020114662 A JP 2020114662A JP 2019228234 A JP2019228234 A JP 2019228234A JP 2019228234 A JP2019228234 A JP 2019228234A JP 2020114662 A JP2020114662 A JP 2020114662A
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tape
adherend
operating head
parallel
axis
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JP7449084B2 (ja
Inventor
ガッロ ニコラ
Gallo Nicola
ガッロ ニコラ
ジュゼッペ コルバグリア ステファノ
Giuseppe Corvaglia Stefano
ジュゼッペ コルバグリア ステファノ
パッパダ シルビオ
Pappada' Silvio
パッパダ シルビオ
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Leonardo SpA
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Leonardo SpA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3668Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special induction coils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3608Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3616Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/368Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3684Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • B29C65/3696Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being non-metallic with a coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/472Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/4722Fixing strips to surfaces other than edge faces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61Joining from or joining on the inside
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72143Fibres of discontinuous lengths
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B29C66/81465General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint one placed behind the other in a single row in the feed direction
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
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    • B29C35/0805Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0811Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using induction
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    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30Electrical means
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115Melting point
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Abstract

【課題】複合材料を接合するための可搬の電磁誘導溶接装置を提供する。【解決手段】可搬の溶接装置は、接合される導電性複合材料のテープ2を受け止めるように設計された作業面4または少なくとも1つのすでに配置されたテープによって定められた作業面に面するベース3と、一度に1つのテープを受け取り、作業面に平行な少なくとも第1の移動線L1に沿ってベースに対して移動することができる動作ヘッド5と、動作ヘッドをベースへと接続し、動作ヘッドに動きを付与するように選択的に動作させることができる可動アーム6、動作ヘッドに接続され、一度に1つのテープを動作ヘッドへと供給するように送り手段8とを備えており、動作ヘッドは、一度に1つのテープを受け取る位置決めローラ9と、第1の移動線に沿って位置決めローラから離れて位置する加圧ローラ10と、位置決めローラと加圧ローラとの間に位置するインダクタ11とを備える、可搬の溶接装置。【選択図】図1

Description

[関連出願の相互参照]
本特許出願は、2018年12月20日に出願されたイタリア特許出願第102018000020524号の優先権を主張し、イタリア特許出願第102018000020524号の全開示が、本明細書に援用される。
本発明は、とくには航空用途のための複合材料を接合するための可搬の電磁誘導溶接装置に関し、以下の説明は、そのような電磁誘導溶接装置にとくに言及するが、決して一般性を否定するものではない。
さらに、本発明は、上述の電磁誘導溶接装置によって複合材料を接合するための方法に関する。
知られているとおり、複合材料は、航空産業を含むさまざまな産業分野で使用されている。とくには、樹脂マトリクスと、マトリクス中に埋められた補強繊維とを含む半製品でおおむね構成される「含浸済み」または「プリプレグ」と一般的に称される繊維強化複合材料が知られている。繊維は、例えば単一の方向や、2つ以上の互いに異なる方向などに、さまざまな構成にて配置されてよく、あるいは布地を形成するように配置されてよい。マトリクスは、製造時に繊維を相互に固定し、おそらくは他の構成要素にも固定するために使用される。
プリプレグは、通常は、テープの形態にて準備されてロールに巻かれ、所望の機械的特性を達成するために、プリプレグについて、熱による安定化処理を、多くの場合に圧力の下で施さなければならない。
航空産業において主に使用されるプリプレグは、熱硬化性材料または熱可塑性材料のマトリクスを有することができる。
前者(熱硬化性材料)の場合、マトリクスは、適切な温度条件および/または特定の物質の存在下で、堅固、不溶性、および不融性の材料に変化するポリマーで構成される。この変化は、強力な(共有またはイオン)結合の形成によってポリマー鎖の間に生じる架橋反応(ポリマー鎖が反応性官能基のレベルにおいて異なる鎖の間に結合を生じさせる反応を被る硬化として知られるプロセス)に続いて生じる。
重合の前に、熱硬化性材料は、粘着性を有している。したがって、これらの材料を使用し、さまざまな層を適切な順序または向きにて互いに重ねて配置して、成層を作り出すことができる。その後に、成層は、材料を重合させ、分子量を高め、巨大分子間の結合の生成(架橋)を引き起こすことで、温度および圧力のサイクル(真空バッグおよびオートクレーブにおいて、オーブン、成形プレス、などを使用)に曝され、その結果、意図される用途に適した構造特性および機械的特性を有する材料へと変化させる。
一部の熱硬化性ポリマーは、熱のみによって架橋し、あるいは圧力と熱との組み合わせによって架橋するが、他の熱硬化性ポリマーは、室温での化学反応によって架橋(低温架橋)させることが可能である。
後者(熱可塑性材料)の場合、マトリクス樹脂は、大きな分子量を有し、したがって一方では重合サイクルを行う必要がなく、他方では粘着性を有さない。
第一近似において、熱可塑性マトリクスのプリプレグは、単一の薄板によって形成された最終状態の製品と見なすことができる。積層体の形成を可能にするために、プリプレグを、熱可塑性プリプレグを構成する薄板または層の少なくとも接触面の融合を生じさせるように加熱し、押し付け、その後に冷ます必要がある。融合のために必要な温度は、非晶質の熱可塑性物質のガラス転移温度T、および半結晶の熱可塑性物質の融点Tである。
これらの場合、熱可塑性プリプレグに基づく積層体を製造するための装置は、樹脂を溶かし、したがって積層体を構成する種々の層の間の付着を得るような温度に達するための(材料によるが、きわめて大きいかもしれない)熱ももたらさなければならず、加えて、半結晶の熱可塑性物質について、冷却が速すぎると部品の非晶質化が生じ、結果として性能特性が失われる可能性がある。
すでに説明したように、プリプレグの安定化のプロセスおよび最終的な部品を形成するさまざまなプリプレグ層の接合のプロセスは、通常は、オートクレーブ、オーブン、または成形プレスで行われる。例えば、航空分野、造船分野、などにおける構造部品など、きわめて大きな部品の場合、既知の安定化プロセスおよび接合プロセスは、過度に高価であり、多数の望ましくない制約を生じさせる可能性がある。
したがって、複合材料における部品について、とりわけサイズがきわめて大きい場合に、その場での安定化および接合を達成可能にする技術を開発することが必要とされている。
本発明の1つの目的は、複合材料の接合のための溶接装置であって、上述の要求を満たすことを可能にすると同時に、高品質の溶接を達成することを可能にする溶接装置を生み出すことである。
本発明によれば、請求項1およびその従属請求項に記載の可搬の溶接装置が提供される。
さらに、本発明は、請求項10に記載の複合材料を接合する方法に関する。
次に、本発明を、本発明の実施形態(ただし、これに限られるわけではない)を示す添付の図面を参照して説明する。
ポリマーマトリクスを有する導電性複合材料において被着材のテープを接合するための本発明に従って製作された可搬の電磁誘導溶接装置の側面図であり、分かり易くするためにいくつかの部品は取り除かれている。 図1の詳細を拡大した斜視図であり、分かり易くするためにいくつかの部品は取り除かれている。 図2の詳細をさらに拡大した斜視図であり、分かり易くするためにいくつかの部品は取り除かれている。 図3の詳細を拡大した斜視図である。
図1は、ポリマーマトリクスを有する導電性複合材料において被着材のテープ2を互いに接合するための可搬の電磁誘導溶接装置(全体として1で示されている)を示す。
とくに、使用されるテープ2は、一般に、複合材料に特別な機械的特性を与えるために適した補強繊維と、主として寄生電流を溶接装置1によって誘導することができる導電性繊維とを分散させた樹脂系のマトリクスを含む。
マトリクスは、熱可塑性樹脂系、半結晶樹脂系、または非晶質樹脂系、あるいは熱硬化性樹脂系であってよい。
最初の事例において、半結晶熱可塑性樹脂は、例えば、約340℃の融点Tを有するポリエーテルエーテルケトン、すなわちPEEKであってよい。あるいは、この半結晶熱可塑性樹脂は、例えば、約370℃の融点Tを有するポリエーテルケトンケトン、すなわちPEKKであってよい。非晶質熱可塑性樹脂の例は、例えば、約215℃のガラス転移温度Tを有するポリエーテルイミド、すなわちPEIによって代表される。
熱硬化性樹脂が使用される場合、後者は、例えば、エポキシ、BMI(ビスマレイミド)、またはフェノール樹脂であってよい。
補強繊維を、1つ以上の単向性の層にて配置することができ、互いに異なる配向を有するいくつかの層にて配置することができ、あるいは織物のように配置することができる。
補強繊維は、好ましくはカーボンであるが、あるいは、例えばガラス繊維あるいはガラス繊維とカーボン繊維との組み合わせなど、航空分野において知られている他の種類の補強繊維を使用することができる。
導電性繊維は、好ましくはカーボンであり、少なくとも2つの異なる方向にて、好ましくはすべての方向に無作為に、マトリクス中に分散させられるが、あるいは、導電性繊維は、例えば金属材料などの別の導電性材料で作られてもよい。
図1〜図3を参照すると、溶接装置1は、
・接合するテープ2を受け止めるように設計される作業面4、またはすでに配置された少なくとも1つのテープ2によって定められ、1つ以上の他のテープ2を受け止める作業面4に面する固定されたベース3と、
・一度に1つのテープ2を受け取り、受け取ったテープ2を作業面4上に引き伸ばすために作業面4に平行な少なくとも第1の移動線L1に沿ってベース3に対して移動することができる動作ヘッド5と、
・動作ヘッド5をベース3へと接続し、移動線L1に平行な動きおよび移動線L1を横切りかつ作業面4に平行である少なくともさらなる移動線L2に平行な動きを動作ヘッド5に付与するように、選択的に動作させることができる可動アーム6と、
・動作ヘッド5に接続され、一度に1つのテープ2を動作ヘッド5へと供給するように選択的に動作させることができる送り手段8と
を備える。
とくには、移動線L1に沿った動作ヘッド5の動きは、好ましくは、動作ヘッド5に供給されたそれぞれのテープ2を作業面4に沿って引き伸ばすために使用される。移動線L2に沿った動作ヘッド5の動きは、好ましくは、今まさに適用されたテープ2の領域に隣接かつ平行な作業面4の領域に動作ヘッド5を移動させるために使用される。
詳細には、動作ヘッド5は、送り手段8から一度に1つのテープ2を受け取り、このテープ2を作業面4上に向けるように構成される少なくとも1つの位置決めローラ9と、移動線L1に沿って位置決めローラ9に整列かつ位置決めローラ9から離れて位置する少なくとも1つの加圧ローラ10と、移動線L1に対して位置決めローラ9と加圧ローラ10との間に位置し、使用時にジュール効果によってテープ2の互いに接するポリマーマトリクスの局所的融合を生じさせるべく互いに重なるテープ2に寄生電流を誘導するために適した電磁場を発生させるように選択的に通電される少なくとも1つのインダクタ11とを備える。
位置決めローラ9は、移動線L1に平行な動作ヘッド5の送り方向に沿って加圧ローラ10の下流に配置される。
図示されていない可能な代替案によれば、動作ヘッド5は、2つ以上の位置決めローラ9および2つ以上の加圧ローラ10を備えることもできる。
より詳細には、動作ヘッド5は、キャリッジ12を備える。キャリッジ12は、位置決めおよび加圧ローラ9、10を備え、作業面4上をスライドする。
図示(図4)の場合、インダクタ11は、薄い絶縁膜で覆われた曲がりくねった導電性材料(通常は、銅線)で構成される。あるいは、インダクタ11を、コイルによって定めることも可能である。
インダクタ11は、好ましくは、キャリッジ12を通過する座13に収容され、キャリッジ12が作業面4上をスライドするときに接合されるテープ2と相互作用するように突出する。
とくには図1〜図3に見られるように、動作ヘッド5は、熱センサ14、好ましくは熱カメラをさらに備える。熱センサ14は、キャリッジ12上に片持ち梁の様相で取り付けられ、インダクタ11の作業領域を狙い、接合されるテープ2のマトリクスの到達温度を非接触で検出するように構成され、キャリッジ12上に配置される。
図1および図2を参照すると、可動アーム6は、
・作業面4に平行であり、図示の場合においては移動線L1を横切る水平方向Xに平行に、ベース3に可動に結合されるスライダ15と、
・方向Xに平行な第1の水平軸Aを中心にしてスライダ15に枢支される第1の端部17と、軸Aおよび方向Xに平行な第2の軸Bを中心にして動作ヘッド5に枢支される第2の端部18とを有する関節要素16と
を備える。
より具体的には、スライダ15は、ベース3の案内要素21に方向Xに沿ってスライド可能に結合される支持部20と、軸AおよびBならびに方向Xに対して直角な垂直軸Cを中心にして回転可能に支持部20に結合される可動部22とを備える。
関節要素16は、端部17を定める第1の接続部材23と、端部18を定める第2の接続部材24とを備え、次いで、接続部材23、24は、それぞれの端部17、18の反対側のそれぞれの一致する端部25、26において、軸AおよびBに平行な軸Dを中心にして互いに枢支される。
より詳細には、接続部材23は、一端においてスライダ15の可動部22に枢支され、他端において接続部材24に枢支される単一のレバーによって定められる。
図1および図2に見られるように、接続部材24は、軸Dを中心にして接続部材23に枢支される第1のレバー27と、軸Bを中心にして動作ヘッド5に枢支される第2のレバー28とを備え、次いで、2つのレバー27、28は、軸A、B、およびDに直角な軸Eを中心にして互いに枢支される。
さらに図1および図2を参照すると、動作ヘッド5が、作業面4に対して横方向であり、より具体的には作業面4に対して直角であり、さらに軸A、B、およびDに対して直角であり、動作ヘッド5を通過する軸Fを中心にして、関節要素16の端部18、より具体的にはレバー28にどのように結合されるかに、注目することができる。
送り手段8は、基本的に、テープ2のロール(それ自体は既知であり、図示されていない)と、ロールからテープ2を繰り出すための繰り出し手段(やはりそれ自体は既知であり、図示されていない)と、可動アーム6の周囲で延び、動作ヘッド5へと送られるテープ2の複数のガイドローラ31を内部に保持する可撓導管30とを備え、可撓導管30の下流端32が、位置決めローラ9に隣接する位置で動作ヘッド5に横方向に固定される。
使用時に、案内要素21に沿ったスライダ15の移動により、可動アーム6は、動作ヘッド5と一緒に、水平方向Xに沿って移動することができる。
他方で、それぞれの軸A、B、およびDを中心とする第1の接続部材23、第2の接続部材24、および動作ヘッド5の回転により、方向Xに対して直角な2つの他の方向Y、Zに沿った動作ヘッド5の動きを達成でき、したがって方向X、Y、Zに沿った動きの組み合わせからもたらされる複雑な動きが生み出され、ここで、方向Yは軸Cと平行に垂直に延び、方向Zは水平に延びる。
軸Fを中心とする回転によって、動作ヘッド5は、作業面4におけるそれぞれのテープ2の引き伸ばしを、作業面4に対して任意の向きに従って配置された移動線L1に沿って進めることができる。
軸Cを中心とする回転によって、動作ヘッド5は、軸Cの周囲の任意の位置に配置された平坦または湾曲した任意の作業面4について作業を行うことができる。
溶接装置1は、複合材料のテープ2を互いに溶接するためだけでなく、これらのテープ2を所定の作業面4、すなわちこれらのテープ2を受け止めるように意図された表面、または1つ以上のすでに配置されたテープ2によって定められる表面に徐々に引き伸ばすために好適に使用される。
ひとたび装置1が作業すべき作業面4の近くに配置されると、テープ2が、それぞれのロールから導管30の内部に送られ、その後に下流端32において導管30から出て、動作ヘッド5の位置決めローラ9によって受け取られる。一方で、動作ヘッド5は、可動アーム6によって移動線L1に沿って送られる。
この動作の際に、下方のテープ2の上に今まさに引き伸ばされたテープ2を接合するために、インダクタ11に電流が供給され、接合されるテープ2のマトリクスの主に導電性繊維に寄生電流を誘導するために適した可変の電磁場Eが生成される。
導電性繊維は、少なくとも2つの異なる方向にてそれぞれのマトリクスに分散しているため、ジュール効果によってマトリクスを加熱する実際の「電気回路」がマトリクス内に生じる。
局所的な加熱は、きわめて効率的であり、すなわち2つのテープ2のマトリクスの間の接触領域において、融点Tまたはガラス転移温度Tに到達し、局所的に超えることを可能にする。
キャリッジ12上の位置決めおよび加圧ローラ9、10の配置により、加圧ローラ10の通過は、重ねられたテープ2に寄生電流が誘導された後に生じる。
このようにして、接合されるテープ2の領域に、電磁誘導によってテープ2の間の界面において得られた軟化の後、かつこれらの領域の冷却の最中に、圧力が徐々に加えられる。
好ましくは、少なくとも加圧ローラ10は、テープ2から残留の熱を徐々に除去するために低温に保たれる。
本発明によって実現される溶接装置1および接合方法の特性を調べることで、それらによって達成できる利点は明らかである。
とくに、溶接装置1は、複合材料の安定化ならびに複合材料のいくつかの層または薄板の接合の両方に関して、現場での作業に好適である。
可動アーム6の動きの多様性および動作ヘッド5の特定の構成ゆえに、溶接装置1は、平坦または湾曲あるいはそれらの組み合わせの任意の形状の表面または部品の効率的かつきわめて迅速なやり方での処理に好適である。
最後に、本明細書に記載した溶接装置1および接合方法について、特許請求の範囲に定められる技術的範囲から逸脱することなく、修正および変更が可能であることは明らかである。

Claims (10)

  1. ポリマーマトリクスを有する導電性複合材料において被着材のテープ(2)を接合するための可搬の電磁誘導溶接装置(1)であって、
    前記装置(1)は、
    接合される被着材の前記テープ(2)を受け止めるように設計され、あるいはすでに配置された被着材の少なくとも1つのテープ(2)によって定められ、被着材の1つ以上の他のテープ(2)を受け止める作業面(4)に面するベース(3)と、
    一度に被着材の1つのテープ(2)を受け取り、被着材の前記受け取ったテープ(2)を前記作業面(4)上に引き伸ばすために前記作業面(4)に平行な少なくとも第1の移動線(L1)に沿って前記ベース(3)に対して移動することができる動作ヘッド(5)と、
    前記動作ヘッド(5)を前記ベース(3)へと接続し、前記第1の移動線(L1)に平行な動きおよび前記第1の移動線(L1)を横切りかつ前記作業面(4)に平行である少なくとも第2の移動線(L2)に平行な動きを前記動作ヘッド(5)に付与するように選択的に動作させることができる可動アーム(6)と、
    前記動作ヘッド(5)に接続され、一度に被着材の1つのテープ(2)を前記動作ヘッド(5)へと供給するように選択的に動作させることができる送り手段(8)と
    を備え、
    前記動作ヘッド(5)は、
    前記送り手段(8)から一度に被着材の1つのテープ(2)を受け取る少なくとも1つの位置決めローラ(9)と、
    前記第1の移動線(L1)に沿って前記位置決めローラ(9)に整列かつ前記位置決めローラ(9)から離れて位置する少なくとも1つの加圧ローラ(10)と、
    前記第1の移動線(L1)に対して前記位置決めローラ(9)と前記加圧ローラ(10)との間に位置し、使用時にジュール効果によって被着材の前記テープ(2)の互いに接するポリマーマトリクスの局所的融合を生じさせるべく互いに重なる被着材の前記テープ(2)に寄生電流を誘導するために適した電磁場を発生させるように選択的に通電される少なくとも1つのインダクタ(11)と
    を有する、装置(1)。
  2. 前記可動アーム(6)は、
    前記作業面(4)に順に平行な第1の水平方向(X)に平行に前記ベース(3)に可動に結合されるスライダ(15)と、
    前記第1の方向(X)に平行な第1の軸(A)を中心にして前記スライダ(15)に枢支される第1の端部(17)と、前記第1の軸(A)および前記第1の方向(X)に平行な第2の軸(B)を中心にして前記動作ヘッド(5)に枢支される第2の端部(18)とを有する関節要素(16)と
    を備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
  3. 前記スライダ(15)は、
    前記ベース(3)の案内要素(21)に前記第1の方向(X)に沿ってスライド可能に結合される支持部(20)と、
    前記第1および第2の軸(A、B)ならびに前記第1の方向(X)に対して直角な第3の垂直軸(C)を中心にして回転可能に前記支持部(20)に結合される可動部(22)とを備える、請求項2に記載の装置。
  4. 前記関節要素(16)は、
    前記第1の端部(17)を定める第1の接続部材(23)と、
    前記第2の端部(18)を定める第2の接続部材(24)とを備え、
    前記第1および第2の接続部材(23、24)は、前記第1および第2の軸(A、B)に平行な第4の軸(D)を中心にして、それぞれの前記第1および第2の端部(17、18)の反対側の一致する端部(25、26)において、互いに枢支される、請求項2または3に記載の装置。
  5. 前記第2の接続部材(24)は、
    前記第4の軸(D)を中心にして前記第1の接続部材(23)に枢支される第1のレバー(27)と、
    前記第2の軸(B)を中心にして前記動作ヘッド(5)に枢支される第2のレバー(28)とを備え、
    前記第1および第2のレバー(27、28)は、前記第1、第2、および第4の軸(A、B、D)に直角な第5の軸(E)を中心にして互いに枢支される、請求項4に記載の装置。
  6. 前記動作ヘッド(5)は、前記作業面(4)に対して横方向であり、前記第1および第2の軸(A、B)に対して直角であり、前記動作ヘッド(5)を通過する第6の軸(F)を中心にして、前記関節要素(16)の前記第2の端部(18)にも結合される、請求項2〜5のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  7. 前記動作ヘッド(5)は、前記位置決めおよび加圧ローラ(9、10)が設けられ、前記作業面(4)上をスライドするキャリッジ(12)を備える、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  8. 前記インダクタ(11)は、前記キャリッジ(12)を通過する座(13)に収容され、接合される被着材の前記テープ(2)と相互作用するように突出する、請求項7に記載の装置。
  9. 前記送り手段(8)は、前記可動アーム(6)の周囲に延び、前記動作ヘッド(5)へと送られる被着材の前記テープ(2)を案内するためのガイド手段(31)を内部に支持する可撓導管(30)を備え、前記導管(30)の下流端(32)が、前記位置決めローラ(9)に隣接する位置で前記動作ヘッド(5)に固定される、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  10. 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の溶接装置(1)によってポリマーマトリクスを有する導電性複合材料において被着材のテープ(2)を接合する方法であって、
    前記方法は、
    一度に被着材の1つのテープ(2)を前記動作ヘッド(5)へと送るステップと、
    前記動作ヘッド(5)を前記作業面(4)に沿って前記第1および第2の移動線(L1、L2)に平行に移動させるステップと、
    前記位置決めローラ(9)によって、前記動作ヘッド(5)から受け取られる被着材の前記テープ(2)を、被着材の少なくとも1つのすでに配置されたテープ(2)上へと引き伸ばすステップと、
    前記インダクタ(11)に通電し、被着材の前記重なり合うテープ(2)に寄生電流を誘導するために適した電磁場を発生させることで、ジュール効果によって被着材の前記テープ(2)の互いに接するポリマーマトリクスの局所的融合を生じさせるステップと、
    前記通電するステップの後に、前記加圧ローラ(10)によって、被着材の前記重なり合うテープ(2)を押さえるステップと
    を含む方法。
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