CN111347681B - 用于接合复合材料的电磁感应焊接装置及相关的接合方法 - Google Patents

用于接合复合材料的电磁感应焊接装置及相关的接合方法 Download PDF

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CN111347681B
CN111347681B CN201911307394.4A CN201911307394A CN111347681B CN 111347681 B CN111347681 B CN 111347681B CN 201911307394 A CN201911307394 A CN 201911307394A CN 111347681 B CN111347681 B CN 111347681B
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adherend
axis
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CN111347681A (zh
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尼古拉·加隆
斯特凡诺·朱塞佩·科尔瓦利亚
西尔维奥·帕佩德
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Leonardo SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3608—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3616—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/368—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3684—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • B29C65/3696—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being non-metallic with a coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/472—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/4722—Fixing strips to surfaces other than edge faces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72143—Fibres of discontinuous lengths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B29C66/81465—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint one placed behind the other in a single row in the feed direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
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    • B29C2035/0811—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

一种便携式焊接装置(1)，包括：基座(3)，其面向工作表面(4)，工作表面(4)又被设计成接收在待接合的导电复合材料中的带(2)，或者由至少一个已经放置的带(2)定义的带(2)；操作头(5)，其一次接收一个带(2)，并且至少能够沿着平行于工作表面(4)的第一运动线(L1)而相对于基座(3)运动；机动臂(6)，其将操作头(5)连接至基座(3)，并且能够选择性地启动，以使操作头(5)运动；和馈送工具(8)，其能够选择性地启动，以一次将一个带(2)馈送至操作头(5)并连接至操作头(5)；操作头(5)包括：定位辊(9)，其一次接收一个带2；压力辊(10)，其沿着第一运动线(L1)与定位辊(9)间隔开并与之对齐；和感应器(11)，其参照第一运动线(L1)插入在定位辊(9)和压力辊(10)之间。

Description

用于接合复合材料的电磁感应焊接装置及相关的接合方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求2018年12月20日提交的申请号为102018000020524的意大利专利申请的优先权，其全部公开内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于接合复合材料的便携式电磁感应焊接装置，特别是用于航空应用，随后的描述将在不失一般性的前提下对其进行明确引用。
本发明还涉及一种通过上述电磁感应焊接装置来接合复合材料的方法。
背景技术
众所周知，复合材料被用于各种工业领域，包括航空工业。特别地，已知通常被称为“预浸渍的”或“预浸材料”的纤维增强复合材料，其通常由包含树脂基质和浸入在该基质中的增强纤维的半成品构成。纤维可以以不同的配置来布置，例如，在单个方向上布置，在两个或更多个相互不同的方向上布置，或者可以布置为形成织物。基质用于在生产过程中将纤维彼此固定，并可能固定到其他部件。
预浸材料通常以带的形式制备，并卷绕成卷状；为了获得期望的机械性能，预浸材料必须通过加热并且经常也在压力下进行稳定化处理。
主要用于航空业的预浸材料可以具有热固性材料或热塑性材料的基质。
在第一种情况下(热固性材料)，基质由聚合物构成，这些聚合物在适当的温度条件下和/或在某些物质存在下会转变成刚性、不可溶和不可熔融的材料。这种转变发生在交联反应之后(称为固化的过程，通过该过程，聚合物链会发生反应，从而在反应性官能团级别上在不同链之间形成键)，这种交联反应会在聚合物链之间发生，形成强(共价或离子)键。
聚合之前，热固性材料具有粘性特征。因此，这些材料可用于创建分层(stratification)，将不同的层逐层地放置在另一层之上，并按适当的顺序排列或定向不同的层。然后将分层进行温度和压力循环(在真空袋中和在高压釜中，使用烤箱、模压机等)，使材料聚合，提高分子量并诱导大分子之间形成键(交联)，从而将其转变为具有适合其预期应用的结构特征和机械性能的材料。
一些热固性聚合物仅通过加热或通过压力和加热的结合才能发生交联，而其他热固性聚合物则可以通过室温下的化学反应(冷交联)发生交联。
在第二种情况下(热塑性材料)，基质树脂具有高分子量，因此，一方面，其不需要经历聚合循环，另一方面，其不具有粘性特征。
在第一近似中，热塑性基质预浸材料可以看作是由单个薄片(lamina)形成的最终状态的制成品。为了能够形成层压板，必须对其进行加热，以使至少其组成的多层的接触表面或热塑性预浸材料的层熔融，对其进行压缩然后冷却。用于熔融所达到的温度为对于无定形热塑性塑料的玻璃化转变温度Tg以及对于半结晶热塑性塑料的熔点Tf。
在这些情况下，用于产生基于热塑性预浸材料的层压板的设备还必须提供热量以达到一定温度(根据材料的不同温度可能会过高)，以使树脂熔融并因此获得构成层压板的各层之间的粘合力；另外，对于半结晶热塑性塑料，过快的冷却可能会导致部件的非晶化，从而导致性能特性下降。
如前所述，预浸材料的稳定过程和形成最终组分的各预浸材料层的接合过程通常在高压釜、烤箱或模压机中进行。在非常大的部件的情况下，例如在航空部门、海军部门等的结构部件中，已知的稳定和接合过程非常昂贵，并且会产生许多不希望的约束。
因此，认为需要开发能够实现复合材料中部件的原位稳定和接合的技术，特别是当这些部件的尺寸非常大时。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于接合复合材料的焊接装置，其能够满足上述需求并且同时能够实现高质量的焊接。
根据本发明，提供了一种如权利要求1及其从属权利要求所述的便携式焊接装置。
本发明还涉及一种如权利要求10所述的接合复合材料的方法。
附图说明
现在将参考附图对本发明进行描述，其中附图示出了本发明的非限制性实施例，其中：
图1是根据本发明制造的用于将导电复合材料中的被粘物的带与聚合物基质接合在一起的便携式电磁感应焊接装置的侧视图，为清楚起见将部分去除；
图2是图1细节的放大立体图，为清楚起见将部分去除；
图3是图2的细节的进一步放大立体图，为清楚起见将部分去除；和
图4是图3的细节的放大立体图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了整体用1表示的便携式电磁感应焊接装置，用于将导电复合材料中的被粘物的带2与聚合物基质接合在一起。
特别地，所使用的带2通常包括：基于树脂的基质，其中，适合于赋予复合材料特殊机械性能的增强纤维和主要可以由焊接装置1感应出寄生电流的导电纤维是分散的。
基质可以是基于热塑性、半结晶或无定形树脂的，或者是基于热固性树脂的。
在第一种情况下，半结晶热塑性树脂可以是例如聚醚醚酮或PEEK，其熔点Tf约为340℃。或者，该半结晶热塑性树脂可以是例如聚醚酮酮或PEKK，其熔点Tf约为370℃。无定形热塑性树脂的例子例如由聚醚酰亚胺或PEI代表，其玻璃化转变温度Tg约为215℃。
在使用热固性树脂的情况下，后者可以例如是环氧树脂、BMI(双马来酰亚胺)或酚醛树脂。
增强纤维可以布置在一个或多个单向层中，布置在彼此具有不同取向的几层中，或者像织物一样。
增强纤维优选在碳中；或者，可以使用航空领域已知的其他类型的增强纤维，例如玻璃纤维或玻璃纤维和碳纤维的组合。
导电纤维优选在碳中，并且在至少两个不同方向上、优选地在所有方向上随机方式分散在基质中；或者，导电纤维也可以制成在另一种导电材料中，例如在金属材料中。
参照图1至图3，焊接装置1包括：
-固定基座3，其面向工作表面4，工作表面4又被设计成接收待接合的带2，或者由至少一个已经放置的带2定义以接收一个或多个其他的带2。
-操作头5，其一次接收一个带2，并且至少能够沿着平行于工作表面4的第一运动线L1而相对于基座3运动，以在工作表面4上拉伸所接收的带2；
-机动臂6，其将操作头5连接至基座3，并且能够选择性地启动，以使操作头5平行于运动线L1并且还至少平行于另一运动线L2运动，其中，另一运动线L2横向于运动线L1且平行于工作表面4；和
-馈送工具8，其可选择性地启动，以一次将一个带2馈送至操作头5并连接至操作头5。
特别地，操作头5沿运动线L1的运动优选地用于拉伸相应的带2，该带2沿工作表面4馈送至操作头5。操作头5沿运动线L2的运动优选地用于使操作头5在工作表面4的与刚施加的带2的相邻并平行的区域中运动。
详细地，操作头5包括至少一个定位辊9，其一次从馈送工具8接收一个带2并且适于使该带2在工作表面4上偏离，至少一个压力辊10，其沿着运动线L1与定位辊9间隔开并与之对齐，以及至少一个感应器11，其参考运动线L1插入到定位辊9和压力辊10之间并且在使用中选择性地通电，以产生适合于在彼此重叠的带2中感应寄生电流的电磁场，从而通过焦耳效应产生彼此接触的带2的聚合物基质的局部熔融。
定位辊9沿操作头5的馈送方向平行于移动线L1布置在压力辊10的下游。
根据未示出的可能的替代方案，操作头5还可以包括两个或更多个定位辊9和两个或更多个压力辊10。
更详细地，操作头5包括滑架12，该滑架12设置有定位和压力辊9、10并且在工作表面4上滑动。
在所示的情况下(图4)，感应器11由导电材料(通常是铜线)的绕组构成，其被薄绝缘膜覆盖。或者，感应器11也可以由线圈定义。
感应器11优选地被容纳在穿过滑架12的座13中，并且从那里突出，以在滑架12在工作表面4上的滑动期间与待接合的带2相互作用。
如特别在图1至图3中可以看到的，操作头5还包括热传感器14，优选地为热像仪，其以悬臂的方式安装在滑架12上，并且被配置和定位在滑架12上，以便框住感应器11的工作区域并远程地检测待接合的带2的基质上达到的温度。
参照图1和图2，机动臂6包括：
-滑动件15，其平行于水平方向X可移动地联接至基座3，其中水平方向X又平行于工作表面4，并且在所示情况下横向于运动线L1；和
-关节元件16，具有第一端部17和第二端部18，第一端部17绕平行于方向X的第一水平轴线A铰接于滑动件15，第二端部18绕平行于轴线A和方向X的第二轴线B铰接于操作头5。
更具体地，滑动件15包括支撑部20和可移动部22，其中，支撑部20沿X方向可滑动地联接至基座3的引导元件21，可移动部22可绕正交于轴线A和B且正交于方向X的竖直轴线C以可旋转的方式联接至支撑部20。
关节元件16包括：定义端部17的第一连接构件23以及定义端部18的第二连接构件24；然后，连接构件23、24在平行于轴线A和B的轴线D处分别与端部17、18相对地在它们对应的并行(cocurrent)端部25、26处彼此铰接。
更详细地，连接构件23由单个杆定义，该单个杆的一端铰接至滑动件15的可移动部22，而另一端铰接至连接构件24。
如图1和图2所示，连接构件24包括：第一杆27，其绕轴线D铰接至连接构件23；和第二杆28，其绕轴线B铰接至操作头5。然后，两个杆27、28绕正交于轴线A、B和D的轴线E而彼此铰接。
总是参考图1和图2，可以注意到，操作头5如何也绕着横向且更具体地正交于工作表面4、同时也正交于轴线A、B和D并且穿过操作头5的轴线F而联接至关节元件16的端部18，更具体地联接至杆28。
馈送工具8基本上包括带2的卷(其本身已知且未示出)，用于从该卷上退卷带2的退卷工具(其本身也已知且未示出)，以及围绕该带2延伸的挠性导管30，其围绕机动臂6延伸并且在内部承载带2的多个导辊31以被馈送至操作头5；挠性导管30的下游端32在与定位辊9相邻的位置处横向固定到操作头5。
在使用中，由于滑动件15沿着引导元件21的平移，机动臂6以及操作头5可以沿着水平方向X运动。
然而，由于第一连接构件23、第二连接构件24和操作头5绕相应的轴线A、B和D的旋转，有可能获得操作头5沿着与方向X正交的另外两个方向Y、Z的运动，从而产生沿方向X、Y、Z的组合运动而产生的复杂运动；方向Y竖直地并平行于轴线C延伸，而方向Z则水平延伸。
围绕轴线F的旋转使操作头5能够沿着相对于工作表面4以任何取向布置的运动线L1在工作表面4上拉伸相应的带2。
围绕轴线C的旋转使操作头5能够在围绕轴线C布置在任何位置的任何(平坦或弯曲的)工作表面4上工作。
焊接装置1不仅适用于将复合材料的带2彼此焊接，而且还用于在预定的工作表面4上，即在旨在接收这些带2的或由一或多个已定位的带2定义的表面上逐渐地拉伸这些带2。
一旦装置1已经被定位在必须在其上进行操作的工作表面4附近，就将带2从导管30内部的相应辊中馈送出，然后从导管30的下游端32出来，并由操作头5的定位辊9来接收。同时，操作头5沿着运动线L1由机动臂6馈送。
在该操作期间，为了接合刚在下面的带2上拉伸的带2，向感应器11馈送电流，以产生可变电磁场E，该可变电磁场E适合于在待接合的带2的基质中的导电纤维中大量地感应出寄生电流。
由于导电纤维沿至少两个不同的方向分散在相应的基质中，因此在基质内部会形成实际的“电路”，并通过焦耳效应对其进行加热。
局部加热是非常有效的，并且局部加热能够达到并局部地(即在两个带2的基质之间的接触区域中)超过熔点Tf或玻璃化转变温度Tg。
由于定位和压力辊9、10在滑架12上的布置，压力辊10的通过发生在重叠的带2中的寄生电流的感应之后。
这样，在电磁感应之后在带2之间的界面处获得软化之后以及在这些区域的冷却期间，压力逐渐施加在待接合的带2的区域上。
优选地，至少压力辊10保持冷态，以便逐渐地从带2上去除残留的热量。
从对焊接装置1的特性和根据本发明的要求实现的接合方法的检查中，可以实现的优点是显而易见的。
特别地，焊接装置1适用于原位操作，既用于稳定复合材料又用于接合复合材料的若干层或多层(laminae)。
由于机动臂6的运动的多功能性和操作头5的特殊构造，焊接装置1适用于以有效且特别快速的方式处理任何形状的(平面或弯曲或其组合)表面或部件。
最后，很明显，在不脱离权利要求所限定的范围的情况下，可以对本文所述的焊接装置1和接合方法进行修改和变型。

Claims (10)

1.一种便携式电磁感应焊接装置（1），用于将导电复合材料中的被粘物的带（2）与聚合物基质接合，所述装置（1）包括：
-基座（3），其面向工作表面（4），所述工作表面（4）又被设计成接收待接合的被粘物的所述带（2），或者由已经放置的被粘物的至少一个带（2）限定以接收被粘物的一个或多个其他的带（2）；
-操作头（5），其一次接收被粘物的一个带（2），并且能够至少沿着平行于所述工作表面（4）的第一运动线（L1）而相对于所述基座（3）运动，用于在所述工作表面（4）上拉伸所接收的被粘物的带（2）；
-机动臂（6），其将所述操作头（5）连接至所述基座（3），并且能够选择性地启动，以使所述操作头（5）平行于所述第一运动线（L1）运动并且还至少平行于第二运动线（L2）运动，其中，所述第二运动线（L2）横向于所述第一运动线（L1）且平行于所述工作表面（4）；和
-馈送工具（8），其能够选择性地启动，以一次将被粘物的一个带（2）馈送至所述操作头（5）并连接至所述操作头（5）；
其中，所述操作头（5）包括：
-至少一个定位辊（9），其从所述馈送工具（8）一次接收被粘物的一个带（2）；
-至少一个压力辊（10），其沿着所述第一运动线（L1）与所述定位辊（9）间隔开并对齐；和
-至少一个感应器（11），其参照所述第一运动线（L1）插入在所述定位辊（9）和所述压力辊（10）之间并且在使用中选择性地通电，以产生适合于在重叠的被粘物的所述带（2）中感应寄生电流的电磁场，从而通过焦耳效应产生被粘物的所述带（2）的彼此接触的聚合物基质的局部熔融。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述机动臂（6）包括：
-滑动件（15），其能够平行于第一方向（X）移动地联接至所述基座（3），其中，所述第一方向（X）又平行于所述工作表面（4）；和
-关节元件（16），其具有第一端部（17）和第二端部（18），其中，所述第一端部（17）绕平行于所述第一方向（X）的第一轴线（A）铰接于所述滑动件（15），并且所述第二端部（18）绕平行于所述第一轴线（A）和所述第一方向（X）的第二轴线（B）铰接于所述操作头（5）。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中，所述滑动件（15）包括：支撑部（20），其能够沿着所述第一方向（X）滑动地联接至所述基座（3）的引导元件（21）；和可移动部（22），其以能够绕第三竖直轴线（C）旋转的方式联接至所述支撑部（20），其中，所述第三竖直轴线（C）正交于所述第一轴线（A）和所述第二轴线（B）并且正交于所述第一方向（X）。
4.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中，所述关节元件（16）包括限定所述第一端部（17）的第一连接构件（23）和限定所述第二端部（18）的第二连接构件（24）；并且其中，所述第一连接构件（23）和所述第二连接构件（24）绕平行于所述第一轴线（A）和所述第二轴线（B）的第四轴线（D）并在它们的分别与所述第一端部（17）和所述第二端部（18）相对的并行端部（25，26）处彼此铰接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置，其中，所述第二连接构件（24）包括：第一杆（27），其绕所述第四轴线（D）铰接到所述第一连接构件（23）；以及第二杆（28），其绕所述第二轴线（B）铰接到所述操作头（5），并且其中，所述第一杆（27）和所述第二杆（28）绕正交于所述第一轴线（A）、所述第二轴线（B）和所述第四轴线（D）的第五轴线（E）而彼此铰接。
6.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中，所述操作头（5）还绕横向于所述工作表面（4）、正交于所述第一轴线（A）和所述第二轴线（B）并穿过所述操作头（5）的第六轴线（F）而联接至所述关节元件（16）的所述第二端部（18）。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述操作头（5）包括滑架（12），所述滑架（12）设有所述定位辊（9）和所述压力辊（10）并且在所述工作表面（4）上滑动。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其中，所述感应器（11）被容纳在穿过所述滑架（12）的座（13）中，并从那里突出以与待接合的被粘物的所述带（2）相互作用。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述馈送工具（8）包括绕所述机动臂（6）延伸的挠性导管（30）和内部支承引导工具（31），所述内部支承引导工具（31）用于引导被粘物的所述带（2）以使其被馈送至所述操作头（5），并且其中，所述导管（30）的下游端（32）在与所述定位辊（9）相邻的位置中固定到所述操作头（5）。
10.一种借助于根据权利要求1所述的焊接装置（1）将导电复合材料中的被粘物的带（2）与聚合物基质接合的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-一次将被粘物的一个带（2）送馈至所述操作头（5）；
-沿所述工作表面（4）平行于所述第一运动线（L1）和所述第二运动线（L2）移动所述操作头（5）；
-借助于所述定位辊（9），将从所述操作头（5）接收的被粘物的所述带（2）拉伸到被粘物的至少一个已经定位的带（2）上；
-对所述感应器（11）进行通电以产生适合于在被粘物的所述重叠的带（2）中感应寄生电流的电磁场，从而通过焦耳效应产生被粘物的所述带（2）的彼此接触的聚合物基质的局部熔融；和
-在所述通电步骤之后，借助于所述压力辊（10）按压被粘物的所述重叠的带（2）。
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