ITTO20130367A1 - Macchina a induzione per giuntare materiali compositi conduttivi e relativo metodo di giunzione - Google Patents
Macchina a induzione per giuntare materiali compositi conduttivi e relativo metodo di giunzioneInfo
- Publication number
- ITTO20130367A1 ITTO20130367A1 IT000367A ITTO20130367A ITTO20130367A1 IT TO20130367 A1 ITTO20130367 A1 IT TO20130367A1 IT 000367 A IT000367 A IT 000367A IT TO20130367 A ITTO20130367 A IT TO20130367A IT TO20130367 A1 ITTO20130367 A1 IT TO20130367A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- inductor
- machine according
- coil inductor
- coil
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 46
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
- B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
- B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3608—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/114—Single butt joints
- B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1226—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
- B29C66/12261—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment the two joint-segments being bevelled, e.g. the two joint-segments forming a V
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
- B29C66/12443—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue having the tongue substantially in the middle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
- B29C66/12463—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered
- B29C66/12464—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered being V-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/347—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
- B29C66/3474—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients perpendicular to the plane of the joint
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/348—Avoiding melting or weakening of the zone directly next to the joint area, e.g. by cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/349—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot
- B29C66/3494—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot while keeping the welding zone under pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
- B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
- B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
- B29C66/863—Robotised, e.g. mounted on a robot arm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
- B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
- B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
- B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
- B29C66/91951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to time, e.g. temperature-time diagrams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
- B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
- B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3608—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
- B29C65/3612—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
- B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3608—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
- B29C65/3616—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
- B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3684—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being non-metallic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
- B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
- B29C66/4344—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
- B29C66/43441—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces, H-shaped pieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73751—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73753—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
- B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
- B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
- B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
- B29C66/83441—Ball types
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2507/00—Use of elements other than metals as filler
- B29K2507/04—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29L2031/3055—Cars
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3076—Aircrafts
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Description
DESCRIZIONE
“MACCHINA A INDUZIONE PER GIUNTARE MATERIALI COMPOSITI CONDUTTIVI E RELATIVO METODO DI GIUNZIONEâ€
La presente invenzione à ̈ relativa a una macchina ad induzione per giuntare elementi di materiali compositi elettricamente conduttivi a matrice polimerica.
Il fattore chiave per l’incremento dell’utilizzo di materiali compositi a matrice polimerica in numerosi settori ad elevato valore aggiunto, quale quello aerospaziale o dei trasporti, à ̈ legato spesso alla possibilità di migliorare singolarmente o in combinazione il livello di automazione del processo di giunzione, la resistenza meccanica della giunzione e la qualità della finitura superficiale del prodotto giuntato. Preferibilmente, ad esempio nel settore aerospaziale o dei trasporti, occorre massimizzare gli indicatori riferiti alle prestazioni nei vari ambiti sopra specificati. In particolare, alcuni controlli di qualità prevedono un esame ottico del prodotto giuntato e in caso di imperfezioni superficiali sono previsti approfondimenti che nel migliore dei casi generano costi legati a procedure di accertamento e nel peggiore incrementano ulteriormente i costi poiché il pezzo difettoso viene scartato.
Il processo di saldatura ad induzione à ̈ un processo di giunzione che non prevede necessariamente l’impiego di materiale d’apporto e viene eseguito nel caso più semplice per sovrapposizione di due lembi di un primo e un secondo pezzo da saldare (detti anche aderendi) mantenuti a contatto tra loro. In un processo di saldatura ad induzione la matrice (termoplastica oppure sensibile alla temperatura) di uno od entrambi gli aderendi viene portata ad una temperatura di rammollimento o fusione, in maniera da promuovere un legame di natura chimica e/o meccanica tra gli aderendi e successivamente raffreddata per rendere definitiva l’adesione. Esempi di giunto tipicamente realizzati, che comprendono la sagomatura, sono riportati in fig.4.
In questa tecnologia il campo elettromagnetico variabile, generato da un induttore, provoca l’induzione di correnti parassite nel materiale composito conduttivo, le quali, per effetto Joule, riscaldano la matrice sino alle condizioni di fusione o rammollimento. Successivamente, una volta portati gli aderendi alla temperatura ritenuta ideale, si può applicare una pressione meccanica, detta pressione di consolidamento, atta a promuovere l’adesione degli aderendi. L’azione di un sistema compattatore riveste un’importanza fondamentale per la creazione del giunto saldato. Quindi tipicamente all’azione dell’induttore à ̈ associata l’azione del sistema compattatore.
La modalità di realizzazione del giunto può essere statica o dimanica a seconda che la bobina e/o il sistema di compattazione possano assumere posizioni diverse nel tempo rispetto al materiale da saldare.
Il sistema di compattazione à ̈ costituito tipicamente da un pistone metallico che può assumere diverse forme a seconda della modalità di funzionamento e/o geometria del pezzo. Forme tipiche del pistone compattatore sono quelle di piastra, rullo cilindrico o sferico ecc. il pistone compattatore può comprendere un circuito interno di raffreddamento. Tale pistone ha quindi la duplice funzione di applicare la pressione di consolidamento e di raffreddare il materiale.
Nei sistemi di saldatura a induzione tradizionali, tenendo presente una dipendenza con il quadrato della distanza dalla bobina, l’azione riscaldante dovuta alle correnti parassite tende a concentrarsi sulla superficie direttamente esposta all’induttore. Si innesca quindi un conseguente gradiente di temperatura molto elevato che promuove la fusione della matrice superficiale piuttosto che quella nella zona di adesione degli aderendi: questo impatta negativamente sulla qualità della saldatura e sulle caratteristiche meccaniche della giunzione così ottenuta. Inoltre il verso di tale gradiente di temperatura, nella direzione dello spessore, si traduce in una temperatura massima sulla superficie affacciata alla bobina e minima sulla superficie di giunzione. Quindi per raggiungere la temperatura ideale sulla superficie di adesione degli aderendi si avrà una temperatura eccessiva nelle zone più esterne e ciò può comportare una degradazione della matrice del composito. La presenza di questo gradiente limita quindi notevolmente lo spessore possibile degli aderendi. Analogamente sui bordi dei pezzi da saldare si ha una forte concentrazione di correnti e quindi si instaurano su di essi gradienti di temperatura spesso inaccettabili che possono portare ancora una volta alla degradazione del materiale. Per evitare tale inconveniente à ̈ possibile eseguire la saldatura lontano dai bordi del pezzo di materiale composito ma ciò comporta, a causa di una non completa saldatura del giunto, un decadimento della resistenza meccanica del prodotto finito e/o la creazione di zone dove l’innesco di cricche à ̈ favorito. Alternativamente à ̈ possibile prevedere l’utilizzo di un suscettore metallico, ad esempio una griglia, sull’interfaccia di saldatura per concentrare l’azione delle correnti parassite nell’area di interesse. In tal caso tuttavia l’area di saldatura comprede un corpo estraneo e ciò impatta negativamente sulla resistenza meccanica della giunzione saldata.
Un’altra problematica relativa ai sistemi di saldatura tradizionali risiede nel fatto che il pistone di compattazione deve essere tenuto molto vicino all’induttore, a causa del gradiente di temperatura non ottimizzato: infatti occorre applicare la pressione di consolidamento prima che la temperatura della matrice nella zona di giunzione scenda al di sotto della temperatura di fusione. La vicinanza del cilindro metallico alla bobina di induzione causa una perturbazione del campo elettromagnetico difficile da controllare, con conseguente perdita di efficacia del riscaldamento per induzione all’interno del materiale composito e l’esigenza di svolgere numerose prove preliminari prima di ottenere una saldatura di buona qualità . Le prove preliminari possono essere eseguite tramite strumenti di calcolo comprendente il calcolo agli elementi finiti e/o prove di laboratorio.
Inoltre nei sistemi tradizionali, in cui si ha la fusione della matrice dalla superfice esposta alla bobina di induzione sino all’interfaccia da saldare (a meno che non si utilizzano suscettori) à ̈ possibile che il pistone di compattazione lasci un’impronta sulla superficie del giunto esposta direttamente sulla bobina di induzione, con conseguenti impatti negativi nel caso di verifiche di qualità che prevedono l’esame ottico della zona saldata.
Per i motivi sopra elencati, i procedimenti di saldatura a induzione tradizionali presentano esigenze di controllo tali da rendere scarso il livello di automatizzazione delle linee di produzione.
Lo scopo della presente invenzione à ̈ di realizzare una macchina a induzione per giuntare, consolidare e/o riparare materiali compositi a matrice polimerica esente dagli inconvenienti sopra specificati con un elevato livello di automazione delle linee di produzione.
Lo scopo della presente invenzione viene raggiunto tramite una macchina di giunzione a induzione secondo la rivendicazione 1 e tramite un metodo di giunzione a induzione secondo la rivendicazione 9.
L’invenzione verrà ora descritta con riferimento ai disegni annessi, che ne illustrano esempi di attuazione non limitativi e si riferiscono:
- Figura 1: a una vista prospettica di una macchina di giunzione a induzione secondo la presente invenzione: per semplicità si riporta lo schema di una macchina mobile su assi cartesiani;
- Figure 2 e 3: sono grafici di rilievi comparativi di temperatura eseguiti su un pezzo giuntato rispettivamente con e senza la macchina di saldatura secondo la presente invenzione; e
- Figura 4: esempi di saldature realizzabili tramite una macchina a induzione su elementi di materiali composito conduttivo a matrice polimerica.
In figura 1 à ̈ illustrata con 1 nel suo insieme una macchina di saldatura a induzione comprendente una base 2 e una testa di saldatura 3 mobile su tre assi cartesiani rispetto alla base 2 in modo noto e un gruppo motorizzato (non illustrato in maggiore dettaglio) per movimentare la testa di saldatura 3. Nel caso più complesso la testa di saldatura può essere montata su un braccio robotizzato. In particolare, la testa di saldatura 3 presenta da tre a sei gradi di libertà .
La macchina di saldatura 1 comprende inoltre un dispositivo di raffreddamento a flusso di gas 4 e un sensore di temperatura 5 montati preferibilmente a bordo della testa di saldatura 3.
Secondo la presente invenzione il dispositivo di raffreddamento a flusso di gas 4 viene regolato sulla base di un segnale ricevuto dal sensore di temperatura 5 per inviare una corrente di gas su un’area di un primo pezzo da saldare riscaldata in uso da un induttore 6 della testa di saldatura 3. L’induttore 6 à ̈ di tipo noto e presenta una porzione terminale ad esempio a bobina singola, doppia, elicoidale o a doppia T. La portata e/o la velocità e/o la temperatura del flusso di gas del dispositivo di raffreddamento 4 possono essere controllare sulla base del segnale del sensore di temperatura 5. Preferibilmente, la portata può essere controllata tramite la regolazione automatica o manuale di un generatore (o sorgente esterna) di flusso di gas 7 o altro fluido (compressore di qualsiasi tipo, ventilatore, pompa di qualsiasi tipo, linea esterna di qualsiasi tipo). La temperatura del flusso di gas può essere regolata tramite un elemento riscaldante o raffreddante disposto a monte della mandata e un sensore di temperatura investito dal flusso di gas alla mandata servirà come dato input per la regolazione della temperatura. Il dispositivo di raffreddamento a flusso di gas 4 comprende un condotto 8 collegato al generatore di flusso di gas 7 e avente uno o più ugelli di estremità 9 avente una posizione regolabile rispetto alla testa di saldatura 3 per poter indirizzare il flusso di gas con la direzione più opportuna in dipendenza delle fasi di saldatura e/o della forma della saldatura e/o della geometria del prodotto da saldare e/o delle dimensioni e forma della bobina dell’induttore 6. Durante la saldatura l’ugello di estremità 9 può essere sostanzialmente fisso rispetto all’induttore 6 oppure fisso rispetto alla base 2.
Preferibilmente il condotto 8 Ã ̈ portato dalla testa di saldatura 3.
Il sensore di temperatura 5 rileva una temperatura indicativa del riscaldamento di una superficie 10 del primo pezzo da saldare P1 affacciata alla porzione dell’induttore 6 alla quale corrisponde un punto scelto come riferimento sul laminato e contrapposta ad una superficie 11 del primo pezzo da saldare P1 su cui si origina la saldatura con un secondo pezzo da saldare P2. Il sensore di temperatura 5 può essere un pirometro accostato ad una testa o bobina 12 dell’induttore 6 in modo da rilevare una temperatura puntuale indicativa di quella della superficie 10 oppure una termocamera a raggi infrarossi per rilevare la temperatura della superficie 10 in due o tre dimensioni. E’ possibile impiegare ulteriori sensori di temperatura in sostituzione di quelli citati per rilevare il riscaldamento della superficie 10 durante l’energizzazione dell’induttore 6. Anche il sensore 5 può essere mobile e regolabile rispetto all’induttore 6. Durante la saldatura il sensore 5 può essere sostanzialmente fisso rispetto all’induttore 6 oppure fisso rispetto alla base 2. Preferibilmente il sensore 5 à ̈ portato dalla testa di saldatura 3.
Il segnale del sensore di temperatura 5, il dispositivo di raffreddamento a flusso di gas 4 e il sistema motorizzato per la movimentazione della testa di saldatura 3 sono collegati in scambio dati ad una centralina di controllo 13. In particolare, la centralina di controllo 13 implementa un controllo in anello chiuso per mantenere la temperatura rilevata tramite il sensore di temperatura 5 ad un livello predeterminato tramite la regolazione del dispositivo di raffreddamento a flusso di gas 4. Preferibilmente, la centralina di controllo 13 regola il dispositivo di raffreddamento a flusso di gas 4 in modo da dissipare, ad esempio per convezione, il calore agente sulla superficie 10 in modo che la temperatura effettiva sulla superficie 11 sia inferiore alla temperatura di fusione o di rammollimento della matrice del materiale composito. In questo modo, anche dopo l’esecuzione della saldatura viene preservata la finitura originaria della superficie 10 del primo pezzo da saldare, cioà ̈ la finitura della superficie 10 prima di eseguire la saldatura.
Inoltre, tramite la dissipazione di calore sulla superficie 10 ad opera del dispositivo di raffreddamento a flusso di gas 4, la temperatura di fusione sulla superficie 11 à ̈ raggiungibile mantenendo la temperatura della superficie 10 relativamente bassa. Quindi il gradiente di temperatura lungo lo spessore del primo pezzo da saldare à ̈ controllabile in modo preciso con conseguenti vantaggi per la qualità finale del giunto saldato, come descritto precedentemente. Eventualmente, qualora necessario, anche il gradiente di temperatura dell’aderendo inferiore può essere controllato utilizzando dei supporti raffreddati/riscaldati da fluidi/resistenze.
Il controllo del gradiente di temperatura à ̈ un aspetto particolarmente importante quando lo spessore fra le superfici 10 e 11 cresce. Infatti per riscaldare adeguatamente la superficie 11 à ̈ necessaria una quantità di energia elevata che si traduce nel rapido aumento locale della temperatura sulla superficie 10 a valori anche superiori a quelli della temperatura di fusione o rammollimento. Tramite la regolazione del dispositivo di raffreddamento a flusso di gas 4, la temperatura della superficie 10 può essere mantenuta a livelli non eccessivi pur consentendo di eseguire correttamente la fusione della superficie 11 e il giunto saldato.
Inoltre, l’azione convettiva del flusso di gas riduce considerevolmente anche l’impatto negativo della concentrazione delle correnti parassite, e quindi anche i picchi di temperatura, che si rileva sui bordi di estremità degli elementi da saldare. In questo modo à ̈ possibile realizzare una saldatura di elevata qualità anche in prossimità dei bordi del primo e/o del secondo pezzo dal saldare. Preferibilmente, la macchina di saldatura 1 comprende inoltre un compattatore 14 per premere il primo pezzo da saldare sul secondo pezzo dal saldare mentre l’induttore 6 à ̈ attivo e viene eseguita la saldatura. Il compattatore 14 può comprendere un rullo girevole 15 orientabile per muoversi a contatto con la superficie 10 senza sostanziale strisciamento oppure un pistone lineare che preme e nel frattempo rimane fisso mentre l’induttore 6 à ̈ attivo per eseguire la saldatura. Il compattatore 14 può comprendere un dispositivo di movimentazione tale che durante l’esecuzione della saldatura il compattatore 14 può muoversi lungo il cordone di saldatura in modo rigido o indipendente rispetto alla testa di saldatura 3. E’ anche possibile che il compattatore 14 sia fisso mentre la testa di saldatura 3 à ̈ in movimento. Il compattatore 14 può essere montato a bordo della testa di saldatura. Tramite il dispositivo di movimentazione, il movimento verticale del compattatore 14 rispetto a quello dell’induttore 6 può essere rigido o indipendente. Il dispositivo di movimentazione del compattatore 14 può essere motorizzato e/o controllato dalla centralina di controllo 13.
Preferibilmente, il rullo 15 o il pistone lineare sono metallici e comprendono un sistema interno di raffreddamento. Il sistema di raffreddamento del rullo 15 consente di dissipare il calore dopo la fusione della matrice dovuta all’azione dell’induttore 6 per garantire una solidificazione corretta dopo la saldatura. Tramite un compattatore 14 che presenta un elemento metallico a contatta con il pezzo P1 la dissipazione del calore à ̈ migliorata. In questo modo la superficie 11 viene raffreddata più rapidamente e il compattatore 14 non viene surriscaldato eccessivamente dall’azione dell’induttore 6. La posizione del compattatore 14 à ̈ regolabile rispetto all’induttore 6 e la temperatura del compattatore à ̈ regolabile tramite la centralina di controllo 13.
Le figure 2 e 3 si riferiscono a rilievi sperimentali eseguiti su un primo pezzo da saldare opportunamente strumentato anche sulla superficie 11. In figura 3 la temperatura T1 della superficie 10 à ̈ controllata e il dispositivo di generazione di flusso di gas 4 à ̈ disabilitato. E’ evidente come la temperatura T2 sulla superficie 11 si mantenga più bassa della temperatura sulla superfice 10. In figura 2, quando il dispositivo di generazione di flusso di gas 4 à ̈ attivo, à ̈ possibile aumentare la temperatura T2 della superfice 11 mantenendo costante la temperatura T1 della superfice 10. In questo modo, l’energia assorbita dall’induttore 6 à ̈ tale da far superare la temperatura di fusione alla superficie 10 ma tramite il raffreddamento a gas la temperatura di tale superficie viene controllata per rimanere circa uguale o inferiore alla temperatura di fusione mentre l’energia che raggiunge la superficie 11 provoca il riscaldamento adatto, ad esempio la fusione, in tale zona. Quindi si può superare la temperatura di fusione della matrice sulla superfice 11 senza fondere la matrice sulla superficie 10. In altre parole, la temperatura della superficie 10 può essere controllata e mantenuta stabilmente al di sotto di quella raggiunta sulla superficie 11 tramite l’azione del dispositivo di generazione di flusso di gas 4. La differenza di temperatura fra le superfici 10 e 11 può superare i 20°. Gli andamenti di temperatura di fig 2 e 3 sono stati ottenuti in un test di saldatura su una giunzione realizzata a partire da due lamine di PPS-Carbonio bilanciato e simmetrico di spessore 2.48 mm ciascuna (nome commerciale CETEX® PPS prodotto e distribuito dalla TENCATE), con una potenza di 3kWh e una distanza della bobina dalla superfice del pezzo da saldare pari a 2 mm.
I vantaggi che la macchina di giunzione a induzione secondo la presente invenzione consente di ottenere sono i seguenti.
A parità di spessore dei pezzi da saldare, à ̈ possibile controllare in modo affidabile il gradiente termico lungo lo spessore.
Secondo la presente invenzione, à ̈ possibile ottenere un gradiente di temperatura ottimizzato e controllato all’interno del composito da riscaldare, che può essere addirittura invertito in maniera da massimizzare la temperatura sulla superficie di giunzione degli aderendi, e minimizzarla sulla superficie esterna. Inoltre tale gradiente potrà , con la presente invenzione, essere controllato e modificato in tempo reale durante la saldatura. Tale invenzione permette quindi rispetto ai sistemi tradizionali di avere una maggiore uniformità delle proprietà fisiche e meccaniche lungo lo spessore della giunzione, di migliorare le proprietà estetiche e di uniformità superficiale della superficie esterna adiacente al giunto.
La superficie 10 affacciata all’induttore 6 può essere mantenuta ad una temperatura inferiore a quella di fusione, diminuendo notevolmente il rischio di generare imperfezioni superficiali. E’ possibile un controllo degli effetti di surriscaldamento dei bordi e dei punti critici di inizio e fine giunto tramite l’azione di un sistema di raffreddamento regolabile.
E’ inoltre possibile ampliare l’applicabilità della saldatura a induzione a spessori maggiori rispetto a quelli sinora adottati, si possono ad esempio agevolmente superare i 3 mm di spessore dell’elemento che definisce le superfici 10 e 11.
Inoltre, dal momento che à ̈ possibile scaldare in modo considerevole la superficie 11 rispetto alla superficie 10, il tempo a disposizione prima che la temperatura della superfice 11 si porti al di sotto della temperatura di solidificazione tende ad aumentare. Per questo motivo il compattatore 14 metallico può essere posizionato, su un piano orizzontale, a una distanza dall’induttore 6 superiore a 1.5cm, preferibilmente superiore a 3.5cm, in modo da non interferire eccessivamente con il campo magnetico generato dall’induttore stesso e poter comunque contribuire alla solidificazione controllata della saldatura. In questo modo il campo elettromagnetico generato dall’induttore 6 viene perturbato in modo marginale dal compattatore 14 di metallo e il riscaldamento del primo pezzo da saldare à ̈ controllabile in modo più preciso: la saldatura presenta caratteristiche meccaniche migliorate.
La macchina a induzione 1 Ã ̈ completamente automatizzabile e si presta alla realizzazione di linee di saldatura in continuo.
Tramite una macchina di saldatura secondo la presente invenzione à ̈ stato possibile realizzare giunti saldati per sovrapposizione aventi le massime proprietà di resistenza secondo quanto riportato in letteratura per tecnologie di giunzione che prevedono la fusione della matrice (saldatura a induzione, a frizione, a ultrasuoni etc) o per metodi di giunzione che prevedano l’uso di adesivi strutturali.
Tramite la presente invenzione si possono inoltre giuntare anche compositi termoindurenti già vulcanizzati o curati andando a interporre tra i laminati già vulcanizzati degli strati di materiale non vulcanizzato. In questo caso si concentrerà il riscaldamento solo nella zona dove à ̈ presente il materiale non curato, lasciando il resto della giunzione ad una temperatura inferiore a quella di cura.
Secondo la presente invenzione à ̈ possibile un’ampia libertà nella scelta delle bobine, in quanto l’ottimizzazione del campo elettromagnetico non à ̈ legata solo alla scelta della geometria della bobina, come nelle macchine tradizionali. Nella nuova macchina infatti à ̈ possibile scegliere una bobina secondo esigenze dettate dalla geometria e dalle altre caratteristiche fisicomeccaniche della giunzione da realizzare, salvo poi ottimizzare la distribuzione delle temperature all’interno della giunzione con il sistema di controllo e raffreddamento oggetto della presente invenzione.
Quando viene controllata la temperatura anche dell’elemento da giuntare P2 tramite conduzione o convezione con una sorgente calda o fredda, il controllo della superficie esterna del pezzo finale ottenuto dopo la giunzione à ̈ ulteriormente migliorato.
L’impiago di un gas o qualsiasi altro elemento aeriforme convogliato sulla superficie 10 tramite uno o più ugelli consente di mantenere la superficie 10 stessa sempre visibile. In questo modo la temperatura può essere monitorato in modo semplice.
Risulta infine chiaro che alla macchina di saldatura a induzione qui descritta e illustrata à ̈ possibile apportare modifiche o varianti senza per questo uscire dall’ambito di tutela come definito dalla rivendicazioni allegate.
La macchina a induzione 1 può essere impiegata per saldare qualsiasi materiale composito a matrice termoplastica caricata con fibre o particelle elettricamente conduttive, come ad esempio le fibre di carbonio. Può essere inoltre utilizzata per la realizzazione di giunzioni incollate con materiali compositi termoindurenti non curati o parzialmente curati: in questo caso mediante la tecnologia del riscaldamento ad induzione si dovrà superare la temperatura di cura del materiale termoindurente nelle superfici di giunzione. Quando la macchina 1 viene impiegata per giuntare elementi di materiali compositi a matrice termoindurente il compattatore 14 à ̈ facoltativo.
Il dispositivo di raffreddamento 4 può generare un flusso di aria o di altri gas adatti in modo dipendente, ad esempio, dal materiale da giuntare.
La regolazione della temperatura sulla superficie 10 tramite la centralina di controllo 13 può avvenire tramite una combinazione de: controllo della temperatura e/o flusso di gas dall’ugello 8 e/o controllo della potenza elettrica dell’induttore 6 e/o controllo della distanza dell’induttore 6 dalla superficie 10.
Claims (11)
- RIVENDICAZIONI 1. Macchina a induzione per giuntare materiali compositi elettricamente conduttivi a matrice polimerica comprendente un induttore a bobina (6) mobile, un sensore di temperatura (5) e una centralina di controllo (13) per controllare il detto induttore a bobina (6) sulla base del segnale ricevuto dal detto sensore di temperatura (5), caratterizzato dal fatto di comprendere almeno uno o più dispositivi (9) per dirigere una portata di un gas o fluido di raffreddamento in scambio termico superficiale con una zona riscaldata (10) affacciata al detto induttore a bobina (6) di un elemento da giuntare (P1).
- 2. Macchina a induzione secondo la rivendicazione 1, caratterizzata dal fatto di comprendere un compattatore (14) avente una porzione metallica (15) mobile in una posizione di contatto con un pezzo da giuntare e avente un circuito di raffreddamento per raffreddare la detta porzione metallica (15), la detta porzione metallica (15) essendo inoltre disposta a una distanza superiore a 1.5 cm rispetto al detto induttore a bobina (6).
- 3. Macchina secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzata dal fatto che la detta centralina di controllo (13) à ̈ programmabile per energizzare il detto induttore a bobina (6) con un’energia tale da poter superare una fra le temperature di fusione, rammollimento o cura della matrice polimerica su una superficie (10) del detto elemento da giuntare (P1) affacciata a una porzione terminale del detto induttore a bobina (6), la detta portata di gas essendo tale da mantenere la detta superficie (10) circa alla detta temperatura o al di sotto di essa.
- 4. Macchina secondo la rivendicazione 3, caratterizzata dal fatto che la detta centralina di controllo (13) à ̈ programmata per controllare, sulla base del segnale proveniente dal detto sensore (5) almeno uno fra una posizione verticale e/o potenza del detto induttore a bobina (6), una velocità e/o una temperatura della detta portata di gas o fluido.
- 5. Macchina secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzata dal fatto di comprendere un sistema di movimentazione del detto induttore a bobina (6) e del detto dispositivo (9), la detta centralina (13) controllando l’avanzamento del detto induttore a bobina (6) e controllando la detta portata di fluido e/o il detto dispositivo (9) per ottenere una giunzione in continuo.
- 6. Macchina secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzata dal fatto che il detto induttore a bobina (6) e il detto dispositivo (9) sono portate da una medesima testa di lavorazione (3) mobile.
- 7. Macchina secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzata dal fatto di comprendere un supporto (8) per il detto dispositivo (9) configurato per regolare la posizione del detto dispositivo (9) rispetto al detto induttore a bobina (6).
- 8. Macchina secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzata dal fatto che il detto dispositivo (9) comprende un ugello.
- 9. Macchina secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzata dal fatto di comprendere un generatore di flusso di gas o fluido (7) controllato tramite la detta centralina di controllo (13).
- 10. Metodo di giunzione per componenti di materiale composito elettricamente conduttivo a matrice polimerica, caratterizzato dal fatto di essere applicato tramite una macchina a induzione secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti.
- 11. Metodo di giunzione secondo la rivendicazione 10, caratterizzato dal fatto che il detto flusso di raffreddamento viene applicato su una faccia (10) del detto elemento da giuntare (10) affacciato al detto induttore a bobina (6) e dal fatto di controllare la temperatura tramite conduzione e/o convezione di un ulteriore elemento da giuntare (P2) che contatta il detto elemento da giuntare (P1).
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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IT000367A ITTO20130367A1 (it) | 2013-05-07 | 2013-05-07 | Macchina a induzione per giuntare materiali compositi conduttivi e relativo metodo di giunzione |
EP14167453.1A EP2801472B1 (en) | 2013-05-07 | 2014-05-07 | Induction machine for bonding polymer-matrix conductive composite materials and bonding method for said machine |
ES14167453.1T ES2621778T3 (es) | 2013-05-07 | 2014-05-07 | Máquina de inducción para unir materiales compuestos conductores de matriz polimérica y método de unión para dicha máquina |
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IT000367A ITTO20130367A1 (it) | 2013-05-07 | 2013-05-07 | Macchina a induzione per giuntare materiali compositi conduttivi e relativo metodo di giunzione |
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ITTO20130367A1 true ITTO20130367A1 (it) | 2014-11-08 |
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IT000367A ITTO20130367A1 (it) | 2013-05-07 | 2013-05-07 | Macchina a induzione per giuntare materiali compositi conduttivi e relativo metodo di giunzione |
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EP (1) | EP2801472B1 (it) |
ES (1) | ES2621778T3 (it) |
IT (1) | ITTO20130367A1 (it) |
Families Citing this family (16)
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ES2858627T3 (es) * | 2014-11-06 | 2021-09-30 | Centro Di Progettazione Design & Tecnologie Dei Mat | Método de soldadura por inducción para materiales compuestos conductores de electricidad que tienen una matriz termoendurecible |
NL2021039B1 (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-10 | Kok & Van Engelen Composite Structures B V | Method and device for joining moulded parts by electromagnetic welding |
US11685125B2 (en) | 2018-07-16 | 2023-06-27 | Arkema France | Method for welding parts made of thermoplastic material |
IT201800020524A1 (it) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-20 | Leonardo Spa | Dispositivo di saldatura ad induzione elettromagnetica per giuntare materiali compositi e relativo metodo di giunzione |
ES2966937T3 (es) * | 2019-08-06 | 2024-04-25 | Boeing Co | Detección remota de temperatura de soldadura por inducción |
US20210122123A1 (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-04-29 | Spirit Aerosystems, Inc. | System and method for thermoplastic welding using an induced thermal gradient |
FR3103408B1 (fr) * | 2019-11-27 | 2022-12-09 | Arkema France | Procédé d’évaluation d’un assemblage par soudage de pièces à base de matériaux thermoplastiques |
US20210291292A1 (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-09-23 | Wichita State University | Systems and methods for induction welding |
DE102021102485A1 (de) | 2021-02-03 | 2022-08-04 | Leibniz-Institut für Verbundwerkstoffe GmbH | Verfahren zum induktiven Fügen von Faser-Kunststoff-Verbundwerkstoffen mit elektrisch leitfähigen Fasern |
JP6985541B1 (ja) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-12-22 | 日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 | 温度計測装置、溶接システム及び溶接システムの取付け方法 |
JP7113953B1 (ja) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-08-05 | 日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 | 温度計測装置及び溶接システム |
FR3123247B1 (fr) * | 2021-05-25 | 2023-05-05 | Inst De Rech Tech Jules Verne | Installation de soudage dynamique par induction |
FR3123239B1 (fr) * | 2021-05-25 | 2023-06-30 | Inst De Rech Tech Jules Verne | Installation de soudage dynamique par induction |
FR3132662A1 (fr) | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-18 | Institut De Recherche Technologique Jules Verne | Procédé et installation de soudage |
CN115056496B (zh) * | 2022-05-26 | 2024-09-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种碳纤维/聚芳醚酮复合材料层板的感应焊接系统与焊接方法 |
SE545931C2 (en) | 2022-07-20 | 2024-03-19 | Corebon Ab | Inductive welding of workpieces |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5240542A (en) * | 1990-09-06 | 1993-08-31 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Joining of composite materials by induction heating |
WO2009047010A2 (de) * | 2007-10-12 | 2009-04-16 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zum verbinden eines ersten materials mit einem zweiten material im flugzeugbau |
WO2013110270A1 (de) * | 2012-01-25 | 2013-08-01 | Institut Für Verbundwerkstoffe Gmbh | Verfahren zum induktionsschweissen |
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2013
- 2013-05-07 IT IT000367A patent/ITTO20130367A1/it unknown
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2014
- 2014-05-07 ES ES14167453.1T patent/ES2621778T3/es active Active
- 2014-05-07 EP EP14167453.1A patent/EP2801472B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5240542A (en) * | 1990-09-06 | 1993-08-31 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Joining of composite materials by induction heating |
WO2009047010A2 (de) * | 2007-10-12 | 2009-04-16 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zum verbinden eines ersten materials mit einem zweiten material im flugzeugbau |
WO2013110270A1 (de) * | 2012-01-25 | 2013-08-01 | Institut Für Verbundwerkstoffe Gmbh | Verfahren zum induktionsschweissen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2801472B1 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
ES2621778T3 (es) | 2017-07-05 |
EP2801472A1 (en) | 2014-11-12 |
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