JP2020112577A - 繊維の少なくとも一部分を作製する方法、その方法で形成される繊維、および核燃料構造体 - Google Patents
繊維の少なくとも一部分を作製する方法、その方法で形成される繊維、および核燃料構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020112577A JP2020112577A JP2020073581A JP2020073581A JP2020112577A JP 2020112577 A JP2020112577 A JP 2020112577A JP 2020073581 A JP2020073581 A JP 2020073581A JP 2020073581 A JP2020073581 A JP 2020073581A JP 2020112577 A JP2020112577 A JP 2020112577A
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Abstract
Description
− uffおよびffはそれぞれ、繊維の燃料体積分率、および複合体の繊維体積分率であり、
− dcおよびfはそれぞれ、繊維のコア径および外径であり、dおよびDはそれぞれ、核燃料構造体500の内径および外径であり、
− tnおよびtfはそれぞれ、ナノ多孔質炭素層および燃料層の厚さであり、
− δiおよびδoはそれぞれ、核燃料構造体のモノリシックSiCの内層および外層の厚さであり、
− nは、編組における層の数であり、
− cは、燃料セルによってカバーされる繊維長の分率であり、
− pは、層における隣接フィラメント間のピッチ間隔である。
式5は、燃料集合体についての実現可能な解の設計空間を制御する。燃料集合体がそのようなタイルで舗装されると想定すると、タイルの面積燃料装荷はFAのそれと同じである。図5Bは、燃料棒560を含む燃料集合体501の例示的断面を示す。図5Bに示されるような、燃料集合体501の214mm×214mm断面にわたって分散された例示的5×5グリッドでは、中心間距離563m=42.8mmである。また、例示的燃料集合体501では、チューブの壁の厚さが内径のオーダーとなるように、チューブの内径と外径の比μ≒1/3である。説明的な例として、アニュラスID562およびOD561をそれぞれ、12.6mmおよび41.9mm、すなわちρ=0.978およびμ=0.3で選択する。
1)製造の容易さ:LCVD付加製造手法は、追加の製造後処理の必要なしにその場で完全な繊維内燃料構造体を作製することができる。この方法によって可能な複数レベルの経済的節約がある。本明細書に開示されるようなLCVD堆積システムは、比較的簡単で容易に拡張可能であり、他のCVDおよび付加製造プロセスよりかなり安価な装置で構成され、したがって、生産性の高い製造プラントを構築するための資本支出要件が軽減される。同様に、そのような繊維生産システムを運営し維持するための運転費は、原物質および消耗品の支出を含めて、より安価である。
2)動作温度範囲性能:ベースラインの繊維およびオーバーコート層に堆積された高純度物質、特に構造体における酸素および他の有害な汚染物質の欠如により、NTPエンジンの2600K動作温度要件に耐えることができる。
3)良好なSiC熱伝導率:SiCの比較的高い熱伝導率が、繊維長に沿った燃料層で発生する核分裂プロセスによって生成された熱を除去する能力を高める。SiC熱伝導率値は、一般に室温で100〜150ワット/メートル−Kの範囲であり、1500℃より高い温度で20〜30W/m−Kに低下する。高い熱伝達効率を有するSiCf−SiCm複合ノズルの概念が、NERVA NTPエンジン概念に応用され得る。繊維内燃料巻きSiCノズルが、H2推進剤がチューブ内径を通って移動し加熱される黒鉛(または他の物質)ブロックを介して穿孔された通路に配置される。
4)核分裂気体副産物の捕捉:繊維内燃料設計における堆積燃料層に隣接するナノ多孔質炭素層が、核分裂気体副産物を効果的に捕える蛇行経路媒体として機能し、それにより、推進剤流へのこれらの物質の放出を防止することができる。
5)窒化ウラン(UN:uranium nitride)の利用:SiCf−SiCmノズルの全体的な統合された燃料パッケージが、H2推進剤へのUN燃料層の露出に対する障壁を提供し、この燃料物質の化学攻撃および分解を最小限に抑える。UN燃料の利点は、より高いウラン燃料密度、かなり高い融点(1気圧で3000Kに近付く)、および向上された熱伝導率(約20W/m−K)を含む。
6)安全性の向上:核燃料安全性の問題は、明らかに、政府規制当局および一般住民の満足のために対処される必要があるNTP技術の実装のための主要な関心事である。例示的な3つの安全性の考慮事項は以下の通りである。
a. 燃料封入の完全性が保持される事故/衝突耐性。本明細書に説明された核燃料構造体500は外側コーティング層によって保護され固体マトリックスに埋め込まれた多数の物理的に隔離されたマイクロセル内に燃料成分が封入されるので、保護が強化されることになる。破断が発生した場合、セルは破損され得る部分がわずかであるため、衝突の場合の核分裂性物質の放出が大幅に制限される。
b. UO2またはUC2粒子による黒鉛ブロックの水素ガスエッチングにより核分裂性物質が試験中に推進剤流に放出されたので、NERVAプログラムから大きな問題が生じた。この化学攻撃および物質放出は、ノズルの構造および固体黒鉛マトリックスに埋め込まれたノズルを有することにより軽減される。
c. 核分裂性でない親核物質で作製されたノズルに関して、WMDへの転用のリスクは大幅に減少し、未使用のチューブは高レベル核廃棄物にならない。
Claims (19)
- 繊維の少なくとも一部分を作製する方法であって、
その中に核燃料物質を有する前記繊維の少なくとも一部分を形成するステップを備え、前記繊維の少なくとも一部分を形成するステップは、
炉において前駆体を提供するステップと、
前記炉において前記前駆体から前記繊維の少なくとも一部分として核燃料物質を形成するステップであって、前記前駆体と相互作用して前記核燃料物質を堆積する化学的堆積を使用するステップを含む、核燃料物質を形成するステップを備えることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記化学的堆積は、レーザー化学気相成長を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維の少なくとも一部分を形成するステップは、
前記炉において複数の繊維を提供するステップと、
前記複数の繊維および前記前駆体と相互作用して、前記複数の繊維のそれぞれの部分にわたって前記核燃料物質を堆積するレーザーを使用するステップと、を備えることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記繊維の少なくとも一部分を形成するステップは、
複数の繊維を成長するステップであって、前記成長するステップは、個別に制御可能な複数のレーザーを使用するステップを含み、前記複数のレーザーのそれぞれのレーザーは、前記複数の繊維のそれぞれの繊維を成長する、成長するステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記核燃料物質は、ウラン、プルトニウム、二酸化ウラン、窒化ウラン、一窒化ウラン、炭化ウラン、および/またはウランシリサイドを備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維において物質を提供し、一時的または永続的に前記核燃料物質の核分裂反応を増進または抑制するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 核燃料構造体を形成する方法であって、
前記構造体内に複数の繊維を提供するステップであって、それぞれの繊維の少なくとも一部分は、請求項1に記載の方法によりその中に形成される核燃料物質を有する、前記構造体内に複数の繊維を提供するステップを備える方法。 - 前記核燃料構造体において前記複数の繊維を配置し、前記核燃料構造体の少なくとも一部分に構造補強を提供するステップをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の方法。
- 内側棒構造体を提供するステップであって、前記複数の繊維は、前記内側棒構造体に巻き付き、前記構造補強を提供することを容易にするように配置される、内側棒構造体を提供するステップをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 外側チューブ構造体を提供するステップであって、前記複数の繊維は、前記外側チューブ構造体の内側に巻き付き、前記構造補強を提供することを容易にするように配置される、外側チューブ構造体を提供するステップをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 請求項7に記載の方法により形成された核燃料構造体。
- その中に核燃料物質を有し、少なくとも一部が分請求項1に記載の方法により形成される繊維。
- 核燃料構造体であって、化学的堆積を使用して前駆体からその中に形成される核燃料物質を有する複数の繊維を備える核燃料構造体。
- 前記化学的堆積は、レーザー化学気相成長を備えることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の構造体。
- 前記繊維のうちの少なくとも1つの繊維の長さに沿ってコア領域をさらに備え、前記核燃料物質が前記コア領域にわたって配設されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の構造体。
- 前記コア領域は、セラミック物質を備えることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の構造体。
- 前記繊維のうちの少なくとも1つに堆積された前記核燃料物質は、
前記核燃料物質を備える内層領域と、
前記核燃料物質を包み込む外層領域と
を備えることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の構造体。 - 前記繊維のうちの前記少なくとも1つに沿ってオーバーコート層をさらに備え、前記オーバーコート層は、複数の個別多層燃料領域およびコア領域をさらに包み込むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の構造体。
- 前記複数の繊維は、前記核燃料物質および前記核燃料構造体のための構造補強もしくは被覆のいずれも提供することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の構造体。
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EP3158563A4 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
CN106575528B (zh) | 2019-08-23 |
US11518719B2 (en) | 2022-12-06 |
JP6693891B2 (ja) | 2020-05-13 |
EP3158563B1 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
US20170213604A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
CA2952471A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
US20200203028A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
US10546661B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
WO2015200257A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
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