JP2020083792A - Method for producing soil disinfectant solution - Google Patents
Method for producing soil disinfectant solution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2020083792A JP2020083792A JP2018217297A JP2018217297A JP2020083792A JP 2020083792 A JP2020083792 A JP 2020083792A JP 2018217297 A JP2018217297 A JP 2018217297A JP 2018217297 A JP2018217297 A JP 2018217297A JP 2020083792 A JP2020083792 A JP 2020083792A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- ethanol
- disinfectant
- solution
- chloropicrin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 242
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 title abstract description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 abstract description 39
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 35
- LFHISGNCFUNFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloropicrin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl LFHISGNCFUNFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 29
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 29
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 9
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000003450 growing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001136249 Agriotes lineatus Species 0.000 description 1
- LKDRXBCSQODPBY-VRPWFDPXSA-N D-fructopyranose Chemical compound OCC1(O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O LKDRXBCSQODPBY-VRPWFDPXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000130993 Scarabaeus <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- ORXJMBXYSGGCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl 2-methoxypropanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(OC)C(=O)OC ORXJMBXYSGGCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002015 leaf growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003071 maltose group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020083 shōchū Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、土壌消毒液の製造方法及び土壌消毒液に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a soil disinfectant and a soil disinfectant.
従来、土壌病害が蔓延してしまったときの最後の決め手として、農薬であるクロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を実施することが知られている。このクロロピクリンによる土壌消毒は病原菌微生物に対して卓越した防除効果がある。 Conventionally, it has been known to carry out soil disinfection with chloropicrin, which is a pesticide, as the final deciding factor when soil diseases have spread. This soil disinfection with chloropicrin has an excellent control effect against pathogenic microorganisms.
しかし、クロロピクリンによる土壌消毒には、次のような問題点があった。
（イ）土壌有機物の分解が促進されることにより、土壌に含まれる養分の貯蔵量が減少し、かつ土壌が硬くなるため、植物の育成効果が低下し、土壌における植物の生産力を長期に亘って維持することが困難である。
（ロ）クロロピクリンによる土壌消毒は、刺激性があることにより病原菌微生物の防除には有効であるものの、害虫であるセンチュウ（線虫）は未消毒の周囲の土壌から消毒後の土壌に侵入することにより増殖してしまうため、センチュウ害の防除には十分に有効とはいえない。
（ハ）クロロピクリンによる土壌消毒は臭気が発生するため、住宅地周辺の土壌に対して実行しづらい。
そこで、本発明は、上述した事情によりなされたものであり、クロロピクリンに代わる、植物の育成効果及びセンチュウ害の防除効果が高い土壌消毒液の製造方法、並びに当該土壌消毒液の提供を目的とする。
However, soil disinfection with chloropicrin had the following problems.
(A) Accelerating the decomposition of soil organic matter reduces the storage amount of nutrients contained in the soil and hardens the soil, reducing the plant growth effect and increasing the plant productivity in the soil for a long time. Difficult to maintain over.
(B) Soil disinfection with chloropicrin is effective in controlling pathogenic microorganisms due to its stimulative properties, but nematodes, which are harmful insects, invade the undisinfected surrounding soil into the disinfected soil. Therefore, they are not effective enough to control nematode damage because they proliferate.
(C) Soil disinfection with chloropicrin causes odor and is difficult to perform on soil around residential areas.
Therefore, the present invention has been made under the circumstances described above, an alternative to chloropicrin, a method for producing a soil disinfecting solution having a high plant-growing effect and a control effect against nematode damage, and an object to provide the soil disinfecting solution. To do.
本発明は、腐植物質を主成分とした濾材によりアルコール発酵を行う菌を増殖させ、この増殖したアルコール発酵を行う菌によりサツマイモの主成分であるデンプンをエタノールへ分解する工程、クエン酸の添加により前記エタノールを酸性にすることで、前記腐植物質に含まれるフルボ酸を当該エタノールに溶出させる工程とからなることを特徴とした土壌消毒液の製造方法である。 The present invention grows a bacterium that performs alcohol fermentation with a filter material containing humic substances as a main component, and decomposes starch, which is the main component of sweet potatoes, into ethanol by the bacterium that performs this alcohol fermentation, and by adding citric acid. A method for producing a soil disinfecting solution, comprising the step of eluting fulvic acid contained in the humic substance into the ethanol by acidifying the ethanol.
また、本発明は、酸性であるとともに、フルボ酸が溶出され、かつエタノールが所定の割合で含まれることを特徴とする土壌消毒液である。 Further, the present invention is a soil disinfecting solution, which is acidic, in which fulvic acid is eluted, and ethanol is contained in a predetermined ratio.
本発明によれば、クロロピクリンに代わる、植物の育成効果及びセンチュウ害の防除効果が高い土壌消毒液の製造方法、並びに当該土壌消毒液を提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it can replace with chloropicrin, and can provide the manufacturing method of the soil disinfectant liquid with the high plant growth effect and the control effect of nematode damage, and the said soil disinfectant liquid.
以下、本発明の好適な実施の形態を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
（土壌消毒液の製造方法の概要）
本実施の形態における土壌消毒液は、以下のように製造される。なおここでは、例として、概ね１２０Ｌの土壌消毒液を製造する方法について説明する。
(Summary of manufacturing method of soil disinfectant)
The soil disinfecting solution in the present embodiment is manufactured as follows. Here, as an example, a method for producing approximately 120 L of soil disinfectant will be described.
（１）仕込み工程
容量１２０Ｌの桶を１つ用意し、屋外に設置する。この桶内に、１本３００ｇ程度のサツマイモ３０本を厚さ２０ｍｍ〜４０ｍｍ程度にカットしたもの、腐植物質を主成分とした濾材１０ｋｇ、及びクエン酸１ｋｇを投入し、桶一杯に水を満たす。そして、桶をビニールシートで覆った上で、風で飛ばされないようにロープで縛ると、仕込みが完了となる。なお、クエン酸を投入したことにより、仕込みが完了した時点で、桶内の溶液はｐＨが概ね４．５〜５．０の酸性となっている。
(1) Preparation step One tub with a capacity of 120 L is prepared and installed outdoors. In this tub, 30 sweet potatoes of about 300 g are cut to a thickness of about 20 mm to 40 mm, 10 kg of a filter material containing humic substances as a main component, and 1 kg of citric acid are added to fill the tub with water. Then, cover the vat with a vinyl sheet and tie it with a rope so that it will not be blown off by the wind. It should be noted that, by adding citric acid, the solution in the tub becomes acidic with a pH of approximately 4.5 to 5.0 at the time when the preparation is completed.
このように仕込みが完了した桶内には、自然界に通常に生存しているアルコール発酵に関与する菌（例えば、麹菌や酵母菌等）が存在する。そして、この桶内において、このアルコール発酵に関与する菌（以下、アルコール発酵菌という）が腐植物質を主成分とした濾材により増殖するとともに、当該アルコール発酵菌によりアルコール発酵が行われ、サツマイモの主成分であるデンプンがエタノールに分解される。また、クエン酸を投入したことで、アルコール発酵菌の活動が活性化されアルコール発酵が促進する。 Bacteria involved in alcoholic fermentation that are normally alive in nature (for example, koji mold and yeast) are present in the tub that has been charged in this way. Then, in this tub, bacteria involved in the alcohol fermentation (hereinafter referred to as alcohol-fermenting bacteria) are grown by a filter material containing humic substances as a main component, and alcohol fermentation is performed by the alcohol-fermenting bacteria. The component starch is decomposed into ethanol. In addition, the addition of citric acid activates the activity of alcohol-fermenting bacteria and promotes alcohol fermentation.
さらに、上述の如く、桶内に投入した濾材の主成分は腐植物質であるが、腐植物質は、ヒューミン、腐植酸及びフルボ酸から構成されている。また、腐植物質を構成するフルボ酸は、酸性環境下において腐植物質から抽出される。上記桶内の溶液はクエン酸の投入によりｐＨが概ね４．５〜５．０の酸性となっているため、腐植物質からフルボ酸が抽出され、上記桶内の溶液にフルボ酸が溶出することとなる。 Further, as described above, the main component of the filter medium put into the tub is humic substance, which is composed of humic acid, humic acid and fulvic acid. Fulvic acid that constitutes humic substances is extracted from humic substances in an acidic environment. Since the pH of the solution in the trough is approximately 4.5 to 5.0 due to the addition of citric acid, fulvic acid is extracted from the humic substance, and fulvic acid is eluted into the solution in the trough. Becomes
なお、上述のアルコール発酵は、サツマイモのデンプンを麦芽糖へ分解する工程（[Ｃ６Ｈ１０Ｏ５]ｎ→ｎＣ６Ｈ１２Ｏ６）と、分解された麦芽糖をエタノールへ分解する工程（Ｃ６Ｈ１２Ｏ６→２Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ＋２ＣＯ２）により進行する。サツマイモのデンプンの麦芽糖への分解はアルコール発酵菌のうち麹菌により行われるが、麹菌は好気性菌であることから、麦芽糖への分解には酸素が必要となる。これに対して、麦芽糖のエタノールへの分解はアルコール発酵菌のうち酵母菌により行われるが、酵母菌は嫌気性菌であることから、エタノールへの分解には酸素は必要とならず、酸素が無い状態の方がエタノールへの分解が進行しやすい。 In addition, the above-mentioned alcohol fermentation progresses through a step of decomposing sweet potato starch into maltose ([C6H10O5]n→nC6H12O6) and a step of decomposing decomposed maltose into ethanol (C6H12O6→2C2H5OH+2CO2). Decomposition of starch of sweet potato into maltose is performed by koji mold among alcohol-fermenting bacteria. Since koji mold is an aerobic bacterium, oxygen is required for decomposition into maltose. On the other hand, decomposition of maltose into ethanol is performed by yeast among alcohol-fermenting bacteria, but since yeast is an anaerobic bacterium, oxygen is not required for decomposition into ethanol, and oxygen is not necessary. Without it, decomposition into ethanol is more likely to proceed.
（２）発酵工程
上述のように仕込みが完了した後は、１週間ごとに１回、ビニールシートを取り外して桶を開放し、桶内の溶液を５分程攪拌する。この攪拌は、長い柄杓等を使用し桶内の溶液全体が良く混ざるように行う。これにより、溶液全体に酸素が吸収され好気性菌である麹菌の活動が活発となるため、サツマイモのデンプンの麦芽糖への分解が促進されることとなる。
(2) Fermentation step After the preparation is completed as described above, the vinyl sheet is removed once a week to open the tub, and the solution in the tub is stirred for about 5 minutes. This stirring is performed using a long ladle or the like so that the entire solution in the tub is well mixed. As a result, oxygen is absorbed in the entire solution and the activity of the aerobic bacterium, koji mold, is activated, and thus the decomposition of sweet potato starch into maltose is promoted.
攪拌が終了した後は、再び桶をビニールシートで覆いロープで縛る。これにより、桶外から溶液内に酸素が吸収されず、麹菌の活動により酸素が使用されると次第に溶液内の酸素が減少し嫌気性菌である酵母菌の活動が活発となり、分解された麦芽糖のエタノールへの分解が促進されることとなる。
以上のように、溶液の攪拌及びビニールシートによる桶の密閉を繰り返すことにより、アルコール発酵が進むこととなる。
なお、攪拌は、上述のように手動で行ってもよいし、所定の攪拌装置を用いて自動で行ってもよい。
After stirring, cover the tub again with a vinyl sheet and tie it with a rope. As a result, oxygen is not absorbed into the solution from the outside of the vat, and when oxygen is used due to the activity of Aspergillus oryzae, the oxygen in the solution gradually decreases and the activity of yeast, which is an anaerobic bacterium, becomes active, and the decomposed maltose Will be decomposed into ethanol.
As described above, the alcohol fermentation is promoted by repeating the stirring of the solution and the sealing of the vat with the vinyl sheet.
The stirring may be performed manually as described above, or may be automatically performed using a predetermined stirring device.
そして、上述のような１週間ごとに１回の攪拌を少なくとも２ヶ月実施し、桶内の溶液が黄色くなり、焼酎のようなアルコール臭がしてくると、本実施の形態における土壌消毒液の完成となる。 Then, stirring is performed once a week for at least 2 months as described above, and when the solution in the vat becomes yellow and the alcohol odor like shochu comes out, the soil disinfectant solution of the present embodiment is removed. It will be completed.
（土壌消毒液の特性及び効果）
以上のように製造された土壌消毒液は、ｐＨが概ね４．５〜５．０の酸性であるとともに、フルボ酸が溶出され、かつエタノールの濃度が概ね０．５％（ｖ／ｖ）〜０．６％（ｖ／ｖ）の水溶液である。
(Characteristics and effects of soil disinfectant)
The soil disinfecting solution produced as described above is acidic with a pH of approximately 4.5 to 5.0, fulvic acid is eluted, and the concentration of ethanol is approximately 0.5% (v/v) to It is a 0.6% (v/v) aqueous solution.
この土壌消毒液を土壌に散布すると、当該土壌消毒液に含まれるエタノールが土壌に吸収される。なお、この土壌消毒液のエタノール濃度は、上述のように、概ね０．５％（ｖ／ｖ）〜０．６％（ｖ／ｖ）であり低濃度となっている。ここで、高濃度のエタノールを含む土壌消毒液を散布した場合には土壌微生物を壊滅させてしまうものの、低濃度のエタノールを含む本実施の形態における土壌消毒液を散布した場合には、土壌に含まれるエタノールを餌として土壌微生物が活性化し呼吸活性が増すことから、土壌中の酸素が消費され、土壌は酸素が欠乏した状態（還元状態）となる。これにより、酸素が欠乏した土壌中ではセンチュウの活動が制限されることとなるため、センチュウ害の防除が可能となる。
また、酸素が欠乏した状態では土壌の酸化還元電位が低下し、土壌中に元々存在していた鉄・マンガンが還元し金属イオン（２価の電荷を帯びた陽イオン）が遊離する。さらに、土壌に元々存在していた有機物を土壌微生物が分解し、酢酸が生成される。これら金属イオンや酢酸は静菌効果が高く、これによってもセンチュウの活動が制限され、よりセンチュウ害の防除効果が高まることとなる。
さらに、上述の土壌消毒液はｐＨが概ね４．５〜５．０の酸性であることにより、この土壌消毒液を散布した土壌も酸性となる。そして、酸性の土壌環境下では、土壌微生物がより活性化し呼吸活性も一層増すことから、土壌はより一層酸素が欠乏した状態となる。これにより、さらにセンチュウ害の防除効果が高まることとなる。
When this soil disinfectant is sprayed on the soil, ethanol contained in the soil disinfectant is absorbed in the soil. In addition, the ethanol concentration of this soil disinfecting solution is, as described above, about 0.5% (v/v) to 0.6% (v/v), which is a low concentration. Here, although spoiling soil microorganisms when spraying a soil disinfectant solution containing a high concentration of ethanol, when spraying the soil disinfectant solution of the present embodiment containing a low concentration of ethanol, to the soil Since soil microorganisms are activated and respiratory activity is increased by using the contained ethanol as food, oxygen in the soil is consumed, and the soil is in a state where oxygen is deficient (reduced state). As a result, the activity of nematodes is restricted in the soil depleted of oxygen, so that the nematode damage can be controlled.
Further, when oxygen is deficient, the redox potential of the soil decreases, iron/manganese originally present in the soil is reduced, and metal ions (cations having a divalent charge) are liberated. Furthermore, soil microorganisms decompose organic substances originally present in the soil to produce acetic acid. These metal ions and acetic acid have a high bacteriostatic effect, which also restricts the activity of nematodes and further enhances the effect of controlling nematode damage.
Furthermore, since the pH of the soil disinfectant described above is approximately 4.5 to 5.0, the soil sprayed with this soil disinfectant also becomes acidic. In an acidic soil environment, soil microorganisms are more activated and respiratory activity is further increased, so that the soil becomes more oxygen-deficient. This will further enhance the control effect of nematode damage.
さらに、酸性の土壌は、当該土壌に含まれるマンガンが植物へ吸収されるのを促進させる。また、マンガンは植物の光合成能力を高める効果がある。したがって、この土壌消毒液を散布した土壌に植えられた植物は、その成長過程において当該土壌に含まれるマンガンを多く吸収することができ、光合成能力が高まることとなるため、当該植物の成長を促進することができる。
一方、一般的に酸性の土壌は、当該土壌に含まれるリン酸を難溶化させ、リン酸が植物へ吸収されるのを阻害する要因となる。しかし、この土壌消毒液にはフルボ酸が溶出されており、この土壌消毒液を散布した土壌にはフルボ酸が含まれることとなる。フルボ酸は、リン酸が植物へ吸収されるのを促進する効果がある。したがって、この土壌消毒液を散布した土壌に植えられた植物は、その成長過程において当該土壌に含まれるリン酸を多く吸収することができ、ひいては当該植物の成長を促進することができる。
Furthermore, the acidic soil promotes the absorption of manganese contained in the soil by plants. Manganese also has the effect of increasing the photosynthetic ability of plants. Therefore, the plant planted in the soil sprayed with this soil disinfectant can absorb a large amount of manganese contained in the soil during the growth process, and the photosynthetic ability is enhanced, thus promoting the growth of the plant. can do.
On the other hand, generally, acidic soil becomes a factor that makes phosphoric acid contained in the soil hardly soluble and inhibits phosphoric acid from being absorbed by plants. However, fulvic acid is eluted in this soil disinfectant, and the soil sprayed with this soil disinfectant contains fulvic acid. Fulvic acid has the effect of promoting the absorption of phosphoric acid into plants. Therefore, the plant planted in the soil sprayed with this soil disinfectant can absorb a large amount of phosphoric acid contained in the soil in the growth process thereof, and thus can promote the growth of the plant.
以上のように、この土壌消毒液によれば、極めて高いセンチュウの防除効果を得られるとともに、酸性の土壌環境下において吸収の度合いが相反するマンガン及びリン酸のいずれをも植物に吸収させやすくすることができ、植物の成長を相乗的に促進させることができる。 As described above, according to this soil disinfectant, an extremely high nematode control effect can be obtained, and it is easy for plants to absorb both manganese and phosphoric acid whose absorption degrees conflict in an acidic soil environment. It is possible to promote the growth of plants synergistically.
なお、仕込み工程において桶内に投入するサツマイモとしては、前年度以前に収穫されたもののうち、形が歪であったり、傷があったりする等の出荷規格に適合しなかった規格外品を用いるのが望ましい。また、桶内に投入するサツマイモのうち１０本〜２０本程度は、完全に熟し、スイーツ用に加工されたものを用いるのが望ましい。 In addition, as the sweet potatoes to be put into the tub in the preparation process, out of the ones harvested before the previous year that do not conform to the shipping standards such as distorted shape or scratches are used. Is desirable. In addition, it is desirable to use about 10 to 20 sweet potatoes that are completely ripe and processed for sweets among the sweet potatoes that are put into the tub.
また、本実施の形態における土壌消毒液は、年間を通じていずれの時期からも製造を開始することができるものの、デンプンを麦芽糖に分解する麹菌の活動に最適な温度は２５℃〜２８℃であり、外気温により桶内の溶液が当該温度に至ることが可能な時期は４月頃であるため、３月頃に製造を開始するのが望ましい。
たとえば、３月から土壌消毒液の製造を開始した場合には、桶内の溶液のエタノール濃度は３月だけで０．１％（ｖ／ｖ）に到達し、４月には０．６％（ｖ／ｖ）に到達する。上述のように土壌を酸素欠乏状態にすることでセンチュウを防除するためには、概ね０．５％（ｖ／ｖ）〜５．０％（ｖ／ｖ）のエタノール濃度とするのが望ましく、３月及び４月の２ヶ月間で、上述のようなセンチュウの防除に有効なエタノール濃度の土壌消毒液を製造することができる。
Although the soil disinfectant in the present embodiment can be manufactured at any time throughout the year, the optimum temperature for the activity of Aspergillus oryzae that decomposes starch into maltose is 25°C to 28°C. Since it is around April that the solution in the tub can reach the temperature due to the outside air temperature, it is desirable to start the production around March.
For example, if the production of soil disinfectant is started in March, the ethanol concentration of the solution in the tub will reach 0.1% (v/v) in March alone and will reach 0.6% in April. Reach (v/v). In order to control nematodes by making the soil oxygen-deficient as described above, it is desirable that the ethanol concentration is approximately 0.5% (v/v) to 5.0% (v/v), During the two months of March and April, the soil disinfectant solution having an ethanol concentration effective for controlling nematodes as described above can be produced.
（土壌消毒液による土壌消毒方法の概要）
対象となる土壌において３０ｃｍ程度の畝を立て、この畝に沿って本実施の形態における土壌消毒液を散布する。そして、散布が終了した後にマルチングをして、そのまま３週間以上維持する。これにより、土壌消毒が完了となる。
なお、土壌消毒液の散布は、マルチング前に１回のみ行えばよく、マルチングを取り外して複数回の散布を行う必要は無い。また、マルチングについては、土壌の温度を高めること、雑草対策及び土壌の酸素欠乏状態を維持するため、土壌消毒液の散布及び苗の定植が終了した後は、植物の収穫まで取り外す必要は無い。
以上のように、本実施の形態における土壌消毒液による消毒を行うことで、センチュウを防除することができるとともに、土壌に含まれるマンガン及びリン酸の植物に吸収させやすくすることができ、植物の成長を相乗的に促進させることができる。また、上述のように土壌消毒液を散布し苗の定植が完了した後は、植物の収穫までマルチングを取り外さないようにしたことで、土壌が外気に接触することが妨げられ土壌の酸素欠乏状態が維持されるため、さらにセンチュウ害の防除効果を高めることができる。
(Outline of soil disinfection method using soil disinfectant)
A ridge of about 30 cm is set up in the target soil, and the soil disinfecting solution according to the present embodiment is sprayed along the ridge. Then, after spraying is finished, mulching is performed and maintained as it is for 3 weeks or more. This completes soil disinfection.
The soil disinfectant solution need only be sprayed once before mulching, and it is not necessary to remove the mulching and spray it multiple times. As for mulching, it is not necessary to remove it until the plant is harvested after the application of the soil disinfectant and the planting of seedlings are completed in order to increase the temperature of the soil, prevent weeds, and maintain the oxygen deficient state of the soil.
As described above, by performing the disinfection with the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment, it is possible to control nematodes, and it is possible to easily absorb manganese and phosphoric acid contained in soil into the plant. Growth can be promoted synergistically. In addition, as mentioned above, after the soil disinfectant was sprayed and the planting of the seedlings was completed, the mulching was prevented from being removed until the plant was harvested, which prevented the soil from contacting the outside air, and the oxygen deficiency state of the soil. Since this is maintained, the effect of controlling nematode damage can be further enhanced.
なお、センチュウの活動は土壌の温度が３０℃以上になると大きく制限され、この状態のときに土壌消毒液を散布して土壌消毒を行うと、センチュウに対して十分に土壌消毒液を与えることができるため、土壌の温度が２５℃〜４０℃程度となる時期に土壌消毒を開始するのが望ましい。具体的には、土壌の温度が上述の範囲内に至るには、１日の最高気温が２５℃以上となることが必要となるが、５月以降になると１日の最高気温が２５℃以上となる日が増えてくるため、この時期に土壌消毒液の散布を行い、散布終了後にマルチングをして３週間以上維持することで土壌消毒を行うことが望ましい。 It should be noted that the activity of nematodes is greatly restricted when the soil temperature rises to 30°C or higher, and if soil disinfectant is sprayed in this state to disinfect the soil, sufficient soil disinfectant can be given to nematodes. Therefore, it is desirable to start the soil disinfection at the time when the temperature of the soil reaches about 25°C to 40°C. Specifically, in order for the soil temperature to fall within the above range, the maximum daily temperature must be 25°C or higher, but after May, the maximum daily temperature is 25°C or higher. It is desirable to disinfect the soil by spraying the soil disinfectant solution at this time, mulching after the spraying and maintaining it for 3 weeks or more.
また、土壌消毒液を散布する前には、窒素やカリウム等の植物の成長に必要な栄養成分を含んだ化成肥料や、センチュウ以外の害虫であるコガネムシ類やハリガネムシ類を防除するための殺虫剤等を散布してもよい。 In addition, before spraying the soil disinfectant, chemical fertilizers containing nutrients necessary for plant growth such as nitrogen and potassium, and insecticides for controlling scarabs and wireworms that are pests other than nematodes. Etc. may be sprayed.
（本実施の形態における土壌消毒液の評価）
次に、本実施の形態における土壌消毒液の効果に関し、以下の項目について、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った場合と比較して評価した。
(Evaluation of the soil disinfectant in this embodiment)
Next, regarding the effect of the soil disinfecting solution in the present embodiment, the following items were evaluated in comparison with the case of performing soil disinfection with chloropicrin.
（１）土壌中の可給態リン酸の定量値
本実施の形態における土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌（以下、土壌Ａとする）、及び、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った土壌（以下、土壌Ｂとする）のそれぞれに、サツマイモの苗を定植し、定植から1ヶ月後の土壌Ａ及び土壌Ｂをそれぞれ所定量採取し、各土壌１００ｇに含まれる可給態リン酸の量を、日本分光（株）の測定器「紫外可視近赤外分光光度計Ｖ−７３０」により測定した。以下の表１が測定結果である。
(1) Quantitative Value of Available Phosphoric Acid in Soil Soil sterilized with the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment (hereinafter referred to as soil A) and soil sterilized with chloropicrin ( Hereinafter, sweet potato seedlings are planted in each of the soil B), and a predetermined amount of each of the soil A and the soil B one month after the planting is collected, and the amount of available phosphate contained in 100 g of each soil is calculated. , UV spectrophotometer near infrared spectrophotometer V-730 of JASCO Corporation. Table 1 below shows the measurement results.
この表１によれば、土壌Ａ１００ｇに含まれる可給態リン酸が７．２ｍｇ、土壌Ｂ１００ｇに含まれる可給態リン酸は１２．０ｍｇであり、土壌Ａに含まれる可給態リン酸の量は、土壌Ｂに含まれる可給態リン酸の量は少なくなっていた。
ここで、可給態リン酸は、土壌中に可溶化し、植物が吸収可能なリン酸である。そして、リン酸は、フルボ酸と結合して可溶化することにより、植物に吸収されやすくなる。本実施の形態における土壌消毒液にはフルボ酸が溶出しており、当該土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌Ａにおいては、土壌中に含まれるリン酸が土壌消毒液に溶出していたフルボ酸と結合したため、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った土壌Ｂよりも、定植したサツマイモの苗によって多くのリン酸が吸収されたものと考えられる。そのため、上述のように、土壌Ａに含まれる可給態リン酸の量は、土壌Ｂに含まれる可給態リン酸の量は少なくなっていたものと考えられる。
以上より、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った土壌よりも本実施の形態における土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌の方が、植物に対してリン酸の吸収を促進させる効果が高いことが明らかとなった。
According to Table 1, the available phosphoric acid contained in 100 g of the soil A is 7.2 mg, and the available phosphoric acid contained in 100 g of the soil B is 12.0 mg. Regarding the amount, the amount of available phosphoric acid contained in the soil B was small.
Here, the available phosphoric acid is phosphoric acid that is solubilized in soil and can be absorbed by plants. Phosphoric acid is easily absorbed by plants by binding with fulvic acid and solubilizing it. Fulvic acid is eluted in the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment, and in soil A subjected to soil disinfection with the soil disinfectant, phosphoric acid contained in the soil was eluted in the soil disinfectant. It is considered that more phosphoric acid was absorbed by the planted sweet potato seedlings than in the soil B that was soil-disinfected with chloropicrin because it was bound to acid. Therefore, as described above, it is considered that the amount of available phosphoric acid contained in the soil A was smaller than the amount of available phosphoric acid contained in the soil B.
From the above, it is clear that the soil disinfected with the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment is more effective in promoting the absorption of phosphoric acid in plants than the soil disinfected with chloropicrin. Became.
（２）土壌中の交換性マンガンの定量値
土壌Ａ及び土壌Ｂのそれぞれに、サツマイモの苗を定植し、定植から1ヶ月後の土壌Ａ及び土壌Ｂをそれぞれ所定量採取し、各土壌に含まれる可溶化したマンガン量を示す交換性マンガン量を、（株）島津製作所の測定器「原子吸光分光光度計ＳＰＣＡ−６２１０」により測定した。以下の表２が測定結果である。
(2) Quantitative value of exchangeable manganese in soil Sweet potato seedlings were planted in each of soil A and soil B, and a predetermined amount of soil A and soil B was collected one month after planting and contained in each soil. The amount of exchangeable manganese, which represents the amount of solubilized manganese, was measured by a measuring device “Atomic absorption spectrophotometer SPCA-6210” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. Table 2 below shows the measurement results.
この表２によれば、土壌Ａ１ｋｇに含まれる交換性マンガンの量が０．７ｍｇ、土壌Ｂ１ｋｇに含まれる交換性マンガンの量は１．６ｍｇであり、土壌Ａに含まれる交換性マンガンの量は、土壌Ｂに含まれる交換性マンガンの量より約５６％少なくなっていた。
ここで、交換性マンガンは、土壌中に可溶化し、植物が吸収可能なマンガンである。そして、マンガンは、植物の光合成における酸素の発生に重要な役割を果たすとともに、葉緑素、葉緑素体の形成、構造維持に関わる重要な元素（光合成能力を高める元素）であり、酸性環境下で可溶化し、植物への吸収が促進する。本実施の形態における土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌Ａは上述の如く酸性となっているため、この土壌Ａにおいては、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った土壌Ｂよりも、定植したサツマイモの苗によって多くのマンガンが吸収されたものと考えられる。そのため、上述のように、土壌Ａに含まれる交換性マンガンの量は、土壌Ｂに含まれる交換性マンガンの量より少なくなっていたものと考えられる。
以上より、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った土壌よりも本実施の形態における土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌の方が、植物に対してマンガンの吸収を促進させる効果が高いことが明らかとなった。
According to this Table 2, the amount of exchangeable manganese contained in 1 kg of soil A is 0.7 mg, the amount of exchangeable manganese contained in 1 kg of soil B is 1.6 mg, and the amount of exchangeable manganese contained in soil A is The amount of exchangeable manganese contained in the soil B was reduced by about 56%.
Here, exchangeable manganese is manganese that is solubilized in soil and can be absorbed by plants. Manganese plays an important role in the generation of oxygen during photosynthesis in plants and is an important element (element that enhances photosynthetic ability) involved in the formation and maintenance of structure of chlorophyll and chlorophyll, and is solubilized under acidic environment. However, absorption by plants is promoted. Since the soil A that has been soil-disinfected with the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment is acidic as described above, the soil A of this plant is more acidic than the soil B that has been soil-disinfected with chloropicrin. It is considered that much manganese was absorbed by the seedlings. Therefore, as described above, it is considered that the amount of exchangeable manganese contained in the soil A was smaller than the amount of exchangeable manganese contained in the soil B.
From the above, it is clear that the soil sterilized with the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment is more effective in promoting the absorption of manganese in plants than the soil sterilized with chloropicrin. became.
（３）定植したサツマイモの葉の長さ、枚数
土壌Ａ及び土壌Ｂのそれぞれに、サツマイモの苗を定植し、定植から１ヶ月後の土壌Ａ及び土壌Ｂにおける苗の葉の長さ（先端から後端までの長さ）、歯の枚数を測定した。以下の表３が測定結果である。
なお、この表３における葉の長さは、小さい葉については除外し、大きい葉を上位１０枚選出し、その先端から後端までの長さの平均を算出した値である。
(3) Length and Number of Planted Sweet Potato Leaves Sweet potato seedlings were planted in soil A and soil B, respectively, and the leaf length of the seedlings in soil A and soil B one month after planting (from the tip) The length up to the rear end) and the number of teeth were measured. Table 3 below shows the measurement results.
The leaf length in Table 3 is a value obtained by excluding small leaves, selecting the top 10 large leaves, and calculating the average length from the leading end to the trailing end.
この表３によれば、土壌Ａに定植したサツマイモの葉の枚数は、土壌Ｂに定植したサツマイモの葉の枚数と比べて３２枚多い。また、土壌Ａに定植したサツマイモの葉の長さは、土壌Ｂに定植したサツマイモの葉の長さよりも１ｃｍ小さい。すなわち、土壌Ａに定植したサツマイモの苗は、土壌Ｂに定植したサツマイモの苗と比較して小さい葉が多いということとなる。小さい葉が多いということは、まだ十分に成長していない葉が多いということであり、この結果から、土壌Ａに定植したサツマイモの苗は、土壌Ｂに定植したサツマイモの苗よりも若い葉が多いことが明らかとなった。
ここで、若い葉を多く作り出す働きはマンガンによるものであるため、本実施の形態における土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌Ａにおいては、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った土壌Ｂよりも、定植したサツマイモの苗によって多くのマンガンが吸収されたものと考えられる。
以上より、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った土壌よりも本実施の形態における土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌の方が、植物に対してマンガンの吸収を促進させる効果が高いことが明らかとなった。
According to Table 3, the number of sweet potato leaves planted in soil A is 32 more than the number of sweet potato leaves planted in soil B. The length of the sweet potato leaves planted in the soil A is 1 cm shorter than the length of the sweet potato leaves planted in the soil B. That is, the sweet potato seedlings planted in the soil A have many smaller leaves than the sweet potato seedlings planted in the soil B. The fact that there are many small leaves means that there are many leaves that have not yet grown sufficiently, and from this result, the sweet potato seedlings planted in soil A have younger leaves than the sweet potato seedlings planted in soil B. It became clear that there were many.
Here, since the function of producing many young leaves is due to manganese, the soil A disinfected with the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment is more planted than the soil B disinfected with chloropicrin. It is considered that much manganese was absorbed by the sweet potato seedlings.
From the above, it is clear that the soil sterilized with the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment is more effective in promoting the absorption of manganese in plants than the soil sterilized with chloropicrin. became.
なお、若い葉は、古い葉よりもデンプンの生成に関与する光合成能力が高いため、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った土壌よりも本実施の形態における土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌の方が、植物の成長を促進させる効果も高いといえる。 Since young leaves have a higher photosynthetic ability involved in starch production than older leaves, the soil disinfected with the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment is better than the soil disinfected with chloropicrin. However, it can be said that the effect of promoting plant growth is also high.
（４）土壌中に生存するセンチュウの数
土壌Ａ及び土壌Ｂのそれぞれにおいて散布を行い、この散布から1ヶ月後と３カ月後の土壌Ａ及び土壌Ｂをそれぞれ１ｋｇ採取し、各土壌に含まれるセンチュウの数を、富士平工業株式会社の測定器「ベールマン装置」により測定した。なお、ここでは、サツマイモに寄生し腐敗させる原因となる寄生性センチュウの数を測定した。以下の表４が測定結果である。
(4) Number of nematodes that survive in soil Soil A and soil B are sprayed respectively, and 1 kg each of soil A and soil B one month and three months after this spraying are collected and contained in each soil. The number of nematodes was measured by a measuring device "Bellmann apparatus" manufactured by Fujidaira Kogyo Co., Ltd. In addition, here, the number of parasitic nematodes that parasitize the sweet potato and cause the putrefaction was measured. Table 4 below shows the measurement results.
この表４によれば、土壌Ｂでは、クロロピクリンを散布してから１ヶ月後の寄生性センチュウの数は０であったものの、３ヶ月後の寄生性センチュウの数は５００であり、増加していた。これに対して、土壌Ａでは、本実施の形態における土壌消毒液を散布してから１ヶ月後の寄生性センチュウの数は１０であり、３ヶ月後の寄生センチュウの数は０であり、減少していた。
クロロピクリンは、散布後には高いセンチュウ駆除効果を示すものの、その効果が持続せず、未消毒の周囲の土壌から消毒を行った土壌へ向けて次第に寄生性センチュウが侵入したものと考えられる。一方、本実施の形態における土壌消毒液は、センチュウ駆除効果が持続するとともに、液中に含まれるエタノールによって土壌中の鉄・酢酸等から遊離したイオンの静菌効果により寄生性センチュウの活動が制限されるため、未消毒の周囲の土壌から消毒を行った土壌へ向けて寄生性センチュウが侵入するのを防止できたものと考えられる。
以上より、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った土壌よりも本実施の形態における土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌の方が、センチュウ害を防除する効果が高く、しかもその効果の持続性が高いことが明らかとなった。
According to this Table 4, in soil B, the number of parasitic nematodes one month after the application of chloropicrin was 0, but the number of parasitic nematodes after three months was 500, increasing. Was there. On the other hand, in the soil A, the number of parasitic nematodes 1 month after the application of the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment is 10, and the number of parasitic nematodes 3 months later is 0, which is decreased. Was.
Although chloropicrin showed a high nematode control effect after spraying, the effect did not persist, and it is considered that parasitic nematodes gradually invaded from the undisinfected surrounding soil to the disinfected soil. On the other hand, the soil disinfectant solution of the present embodiment has a long-lasting nematode control effect, and the activity of parasitic nematodes is limited by the bacteriostatic effect of the ions liberated from iron and acetic acid in the soil by the ethanol contained in the solution. Therefore, it is considered that the parasitic nematodes could be prevented from invading the undisinfected surrounding soil into the disinfected soil.
From the above, the soil sterilized with the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment has a higher effect of controlling nematode damage than the soil sterilized with chloropicrin, and the effect is more persistent. It became clear.
（５）土壌中の放線菌・一般細菌の数
土壌Ａ及び土壌Ｂのそれぞれにおいて散布を行い、この散布から1ヶ月後と３カ月後の土壌Ａ及び土壌Ｂをそれぞれ所定量採取し、各土壌に含まれる放線菌及び一般細菌の数を、土壌浸出液寒天培地による希釈平板法により測定した。以下の表５が測定結果である。
(5) Number of actinomycetes/general bacteria in soil Soil A and soil B were sprayed respectively, and a predetermined amount of soil A and soil B was collected 1 month and 3 months after this spraying, and each soil was collected. The number of actinomycetes and general bacteria contained in was measured by a dilution plate method using a soil leachate agar medium. Table 5 below shows the measurement results.
この表５によれば、土壌Ｂでは、クロロピクリンを散布してから３ヶ月後の放線菌の数は１ヶ月後の放線菌の数より増加していたものの、３ヶ月後の一般細菌の数は１ヶ月後の一般細菌の数より減少していた。これに対して、土壌Ａでは、本実施の形態における土壌消毒液を散布してから３ヶ月後の放線菌の数は１ヶ月後の放線菌の数より減少し、３ヶ月後の一般細菌の数も１ヶ月後の一般細菌の数より減少していた。このように、放線菌の数及び一般細菌の数が共に減少する現象は、土壌が酸性である場合に多く見受けられるものである。すなわち、本実施の形態における土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌Ａは酸性となっており、より一層センチュウの防除効果も高まっているものと考えられる。
以上より、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った土壌よりも本実施の形態における土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌の方が、センチュウの防除効果が高いことが明らかとなった。
According to Table 5, in soil B, the number of actinomycetes after 3 months from the application of chloropicrin was higher than the number of actinomycetes after 1 month, but the number of general bacteria after 3 months Was less than the number of general bacteria after one month. On the other hand, in the soil A, the number of actinomycetes 3 months after the application of the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment is smaller than the number of actinomycetes 1 month later, and the number of general bacteria after 3 months The number was also lower than the number of general bacteria after one month. As described above, the phenomenon in which both the number of actinomycetes and the number of general bacteria decrease is often found when the soil is acidic. That is, it is considered that the soil A that has been soil-disinfected by the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment is acidic, and the control effect of nematodes is further enhanced.
From the above, it was clarified that the soil disinfected by the soil disinfecting solution according to the present embodiment has a higher nematode control effect than the soil disinfected by chloropicrin.
（６）収穫物の大きさ、本数
上述のように各土壌に定植した苗に基づき、秋口（１０月）に、土壌Ａから１，１６８本のサツマイモを収穫し、土壌Ｂからは１，３２４本のサツマイモを収穫して、これらの収穫物の大きさ及び本数を測定した。以下の表６が測定結果である。
なお、表６において、「Ｌ規格」とは、重量が１００ｇ以上７００ｇ以下であって、変形・病害・傷等がないサツマイモを示すものであり、「Ｓ」とは、重量が１００ｇ未満のサツマイモを示すものである。また、「Ｂ」とは、Ｌ規格ではあるものの変形・病害・傷等があるサツマイモを示すもの（いわゆる不良品）である。
(6) Harvest size and number Based on the seedlings planted in each soil as described above, in autumn (October), 1,168 sweet potatoes are harvested from soil A and 1,324 from soil B. A number of sweet potatoes were harvested and the size and number of these harvests were measured. Table 6 below shows the measurement results.
In addition, in Table 6, “L standard” indicates a sweet potato having a weight of 100 g or more and 700 g or less and having no deformation, disease, scratch or the like, and “S” is a sweet potato having a weight of less than 100 g. Is shown. Further, “B” is a sweet potato that is deformed, diseased, scratched, etc. although it is L standard (so-called defective product).
この表６によれば、土壌ＡにおけるＬ規格の平均重量は３４５．０ｇ、土壌ＢにおけるＬ規格の平均重量は２５４．７ｇであり、土壌ＡにおけるＬ規格の平均重量は土壌ＢにおけるＬ規格の平均重量よりも９１ｇ重かった。
土壌Ａにおいては、土壌Ｂに比べて、植物に対してマンガンの吸収が促進されたことにより若い葉が多く形成され光合成能力が向上し、さらには、土壌に含まれるフルボ酸によりリン酸の吸収も促進されたことで、収穫物１本あたりの成長度が高くなりＬ規格の平均重量が重くなったものと考えられる。
なお、表６によれば、Ｌ規格の収穫本数に関しては土壌Ｂの方が土壌Ａよりも多いが、これは、土壌Ａにおいては、光合成能力の向上により葉の成長に栄養素が活用され、着果作用が停滞したことによるものと考えられる。一方、Ｌ規格の収穫本数とＬ規格の平均重量との積により求められるＬ規格の総収穫重量を検討すると、土壌Ａでは約２８１ｋｇ（＝３４５．０ｇ×８１６本）、土壌Ｂでは約２４１ｋｇ（＝２５４．７ｇ×９４６本）となり、Ｌ規格のサツマイモ全体としては、土壌Ａの方が土壌Ｂよりも多くの栄養素を蓄積できたこととなる。
以上より、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った土壌よりも本実施の形態における土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌の方が、リン酸及びマンガンが植物に吸収されやすく、植物の成長が促進されることが明らかとなった。
According to Table 6, the average weight of the L standard in the soil A is 345.0 g, the average weight of the L standard in the soil B is 254.7 g, and the average weight of the L standard in soil A is the same as that of the L standard in soil B. It was 91 g heavier than the average weight.
In soil A, compared with soil B, the absorption of manganese was promoted by plants, so that many young leaves were formed and the photosynthetic ability was improved. Furthermore, fulvic acid contained in soil absorbed phosphate. It is considered that the growth rate per harvest was increased and the average weight of the L standard was increased due to the promotion of the above.
In addition, according to Table 6, the number of harvests of the L standard is higher in the soil B than in the soil A. This is because in the soil A, nutrients are utilized for leaf growth due to improvement of photosynthetic ability, It is thought that this was due to the stagnation of fruit action. On the other hand, when considering the total harvest weight of the L standard, which is obtained by multiplying the number of harvests of the L standard and the average weight of the L standard, about 281 kg (=345.0 g x 816) of soil A and about 241 kg of soil B( =254.7 g×946 pieces), which means that the soil A was able to accumulate more nutrients than the soil B as the whole sweet potatoes of the L standard.
From the above, phosphoric acid and manganese are more easily absorbed by plants in the soil disinfected with the soil disinfectant solution than in the soil disinfected with chloropicrin, and the growth of the plant is promoted. Became clear.
また、この表６によれば、土壌ＡにおけるＢ品の割合は３．０％、土壌ＢにおけるＢ品の割合は６．０％であり、土壌ＡにおけるＢ品の割合は土壌ＢにおけるＢ品の割合は低かった。
上述のように、Ｂ品は病害等があるサツマイモであり、土壌Ａにおいては、土壌Ｂよりも定植から収穫までの期間に亘ってセンチュウ害を防除できたものと考えられる。
以上より、クロロピクリンにより土壌消毒を行った土壌よりも本実施の形態における土壌消毒液により土壌消毒を行った土壌の方が、持続的にセンチュウ害を防除する効果が高いことが明らかとなった。
Further, according to Table 6, the ratio of the B product in the soil A is 3.0%, the ratio of the B product in the soil B is 6.0%, and the ratio of the B product in the soil A is the B product in the soil B. Was low.
As described above, the B product is a sweet potato having a disease or the like, and it is considered that the soil A was able to control nematode damage in the soil A over a period from planting to harvesting.
From the above, it was revealed that the soil disinfected with the soil disinfectant according to the present embodiment is more effective in continuously controlling nematode damage than the soil disinfected with chloropicrin. ..
本発明は、土壌消毒液の製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to the production how soil disinfectant.
しかし、クロロピクリンによる土壌消毒には、次のような問題点があった。
（イ）土壌有機物の分解が促進されることにより、土壌に含まれる養分の貯蔵量が減少し、かつ土壌が硬くなるため、植物の育成効果が低下し、土壌における植物の生産力を長期に亘って維持することが困難である。
（ロ）クロロピクリンによる土壌消毒は、刺激性があることにより病原菌微生物の防除には有効であるものの、害虫であるセンチュウ（線虫）は未消毒の周囲の土壌から消毒後の土壌に侵入することにより増殖してしまうため、センチュウ害の防除には十分に有効とはいえない。
（ハ）クロロピクリンによる土壌消毒は臭気が発生するため、住宅地周辺の土壌に対して実行しづらい。
そこで、本発明は、上述した事情によりなされたものであり、クロロピクリンに代わる、植物の育成効果及びセンチュウ害の防除効果が高い土壌消毒液の製造方法の提供を目的とする。
However, soil disinfection with chloropicrin had the following problems.
(A) Accelerating the decomposition of soil organic matter reduces the storage amount of nutrients contained in the soil and hardens the soil, reducing the plant growth effect and increasing the plant productivity in the soil for a long time. Difficult to maintain over.
(B) Soil disinfection with chloropicrin is effective in controlling pathogenic microorganisms due to its stimulative properties, but nematodes, which are harmful insects, invade the undisinfected surrounding soil into the disinfected soil. Therefore, they are not effective enough to control nematode damage because they proliferate.
(C) Soil disinfection with chloropicrin causes odor and is difficult to perform on soil around residential areas.
The present invention has been made by the above-described circumstances, alternative to chloropicrin, and an object thereof is to provide a manufacturing how the control is highly effective soil disinfectant growing effect and nematodes harm plants.
本発明によれば、クロロピクリンに代わる、植物の育成効果及びセンチュウ害の防除効果が高い土壌消毒液の製造方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, alternative to chloropicrin, it is possible to provide a manufacturing how of control effect of growing effect and nematodes harm plant high soil disinfectant.
本発明は、デンプン源であるサツマイモの小片、腐植物質を主成分とした濾材、クエン酸、及び水を容器に投入し、当該容器内の水溶液を酸性とする第１の工程と、前記濾材に含まれる腐植物質により前記容器内に存在するアルコール発酵を行う菌を増殖させ、この増殖したアルコール発酵を行う菌によりサツマイモ中のデンプンをエタノールへ分解させると共に、酸性環境下において前記腐植物質に含まれるフルボ酸を前記容器内の水溶液に溶出させる第２の工程と、からなることを特徴とした土壌消毒液の製造方法である。 The present invention, a small step of sweet potato which is a starch source, a filter medium containing humic substances as main components, citric acid, and water are charged into a container, and the first step of making the aqueous solution in the container acidic, and the filter medium The humic substance contained in the container is used to grow a bacterium that carries out alcohol fermentation existing in the container, and the starch in sweet potato is decomposed into ethanol by the bacterium that carries out the grown alcohol fermentation, and the humic substance is contained in an acidic environment. a second step of eluting the fulvic acid in an aqueous solution in the container, it is a manufacturing method for the soil disinfection liquid characterized by comprising a.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018217297A JP6546685B1 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Method of producing soil disinfectant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018217297A JP6546685B1 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Method of producing soil disinfectant |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP6546685B1 JP6546685B1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
| JP2020083792A true JP2020083792A (en) | 2020-06-04 |
Family
ID=67297684
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018217297A Active JP6546685B1 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Method of producing soil disinfectant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6546685B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021112243A1 (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-10 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Gas barrier film |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006151706A (en) * | 2004-11-25 | 2006-06-15 | Kanto Natural Gas Development Co Ltd | Composition for agriculture |
| WO2007129467A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-15 | Japan Alcohol Corporation | Methods for reductive disinfection of soil, reductive disinfectants for soil, methods for wetting disinfection of soil, wetting disinfectants for soil, and systems for drenching soil with disinfectants |
| JP2011246424A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-08 | Nittetsu Kankyo Engineering Kk | Plant-vitalizing agent, and therapeutic agent of plant viral disease |
| JP2012017275A (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-26 | Katsuya Fujimura | Method for producing new alcoholic disinfectant |
-
2018
- 2018-11-20 JP JP2018217297A patent/JP6546685B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006151706A (en) * | 2004-11-25 | 2006-06-15 | Kanto Natural Gas Development Co Ltd | Composition for agriculture |
| WO2007129467A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-15 | Japan Alcohol Corporation | Methods for reductive disinfection of soil, reductive disinfectants for soil, methods for wetting disinfection of soil, wetting disinfectants for soil, and systems for drenching soil with disinfectants |
| JP2011246424A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-08 | Nittetsu Kankyo Engineering Kk | Plant-vitalizing agent, and therapeutic agent of plant viral disease |
| JP2012017275A (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-26 | Katsuya Fujimura | Method for producing new alcoholic disinfectant |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021112243A1 (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-10 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Gas barrier film |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6546685B1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1969606B (en) | Method for breeding collybia albuminosa artificially by symbiosis of termite | |
| CN101919333B (en) | Method for improving survival rate of breeding nursery stock | |
| KR101774548B1 (en) | Manufacturing method of acidic liquid composition for controlling plant disease or fertilizing and composition for acidic liquid fertilizer | |
| CN105265134B (en) | Organic Chinese angelica production method and organic Chinese angelica product | |
| CN102531800A (en) | Agricultural-residue-free biodegradation technology | |
| CN103444385A (en) | Agricultural planting method | |
| CN106489699A (en) | A kind of substrate numerous Caulis et Folium Ipomoeae aquaticae method soon under winter greenhouse forcing frame | |
| KR20140094042A (en) | Mass-production method for seed potatoes | |
| JP2020083792A (en) | Method for producing soil disinfectant solution | |
| CN107114175A (en) | A kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving Exocarpium Citri Rubrum survival rate | |
| CN101933452A (en) | Method for sterilizing soil matrix used for nursery stock | |
| KR100356762B1 (en) | Method to manufacture complex microbe culture and manure using complex microbe culture | |
| JP2006280255A (en) | Culture media for cultivating lyophyllum decastes and method for cultivating the lyophyllum decastes | |
| KR101893753B1 (en) | Method of seminal propagation for Maesa japonica Thunb. Moritzi and Zoll | |
| CN107616068A (en) | A kind of high efficiency, low cost potato virus-free plantlet and seed production technology | |
| CN114436713A (en) | Silicon-titanium fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| UA44759C2 (en) | COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF STIMULATION OF GROWTH OF PLANTS AND VESICULAR TREE-LIKE MYCORISAL MUSHROOMS | |
| CN113229054A (en) | Vegetable planting and seedling raising method capable of improving insect pest resistance of vegetables | |
| WO2002069708A1 (en) | Glycerine as fungicide or bactericide active substance | |
| JP2022018337A (en) | Method of producing compost, method of producing liquid fertilizer, and compost | |
| JP4965304B2 (en) | Method for producing soil for plant cultivation and soil for plant cultivation | |
| AU783850B2 (en) | Cuttings of the plants of genus eucalyptus and genus acacia, and methods of cuttage of the plants of genus eucalyptus and genus acacia | |
| CN115363033B (en) | Attractant, method and application for improving efficient pollination of facility melon bees | |
| CN114586802B (en) | Bactericide containing prochloraz and ethylicin, and preparation method and application thereof | |
| JP6941721B2 (en) | Soil modifier for improving iron content in cultivated crops |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20181126 |
|
| A871 | Explanation of circumstances concerning accelerated examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A871 Effective date: 20181126 |
|
| A975 | Report on accelerated examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971005 Effective date: 20190308 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20190311 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20190409 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20190411 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20190514 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20190610 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20190618 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20190621 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6546685 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |