JP2006151706A - Composition for agriculture - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively utilize fulvic acid as a vitalizing agent or an additive for fertilizer in an agricultural field. <P>SOLUTION: A composition for agriculture mainly contains fulvic acid and is applied to a plant body or a culture medium by at least one or more kinds of methods selected from a group comprising addition, spraying, solid mixing, addition to a culture solution, diluting and mixing, watering, impregnation into an agricultural material such as culture soil or artificial culture media, base watering, binder solution in culture soil granulation, foliar application, seed dipping, seed coating, root dipping in transplanting, dipping to grafting joint surface and coating. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a composition, preferably an aqueous liquid composition, suitable for agricultural use and containing mainly fulvic acid.

  In recent years, with the modernization of agriculture, the amount of inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) used has increased, and as a detrimental effect, the decline in geopower has become a national issue. As a countermeasure against this, compounding organic substances with chemical fertilizers has been carried out. As organic substances, (1) organic compounds having a relatively low molecular structure such as sugar, vitamins and amino acids, and (2) natural high molecular organic compounds such as compost and humus are used. Many of the former expect immediate effects such as growth promotion effects, soil microbial activity, and hormone-like effects, but there are problems such as generation of pests when production costs and application rates are high. The latter is a material that is expected to have physical and chemical improvement effects on soil, such as water retention, fertilization, and prevention of agricultural chemicals. Since it decomposes gradually, there is no immediate effect, and in the case of compost, odor is also a problem. Compost application has implications for nutrient supplementation, but ultimately the purpose is to improve the soil by humification, so the administration of humus is very important in soil fertilization.

Addition of humus to a soil conditioner is described in Patent Document 1. Patent Document 2 describes the addition of an organic substance (wood vinegar, etc.) and the combined use of amino acids. Furthermore, Patent Documents 3 to 5 describe liquid humic acid and its effects, but do not mention fulvic acid. The definition of fulvic acid is described in Patent Document 6.
Japanese Patent No. 2533314 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 7-103369 JP 2001-247868 A JP 2001-152151 A JP 2001-152152 A JP 2003-171215 A

  However, with conventional materials, it may be difficult to solve the above problems in a balanced manner.

  In addition, most of the above are solid materials, and there are cases where the use is limited, for example, it takes time to mix with soil or cannot be used for hydroponics.

  In the case of a solid soil conditioner, the consumption of humus will eventually disappear at the latest, and if it is added, only the base material is accumulated.

  On the other hand, in the case of fulvic acid, which is a relatively low molecular weight and water-soluble humus, separation such as extraction from solids may be costly, so that fulvic acid alone is not often used.

  Moreover, in the agricultural field, it is not handled independently as fulvic acid, and is often used as a solid mixed with other humic components. Since carbon accounts for 50% by mass of fulvic acid in general, it can be determined that the TOC value is twice as much as the fulvic acid content, but even when analyzing a commercially available vital agent, the TOC concentration may be low. Some diluted working conditions result in a low concentration of 1 ppm by mass or less.

  According to the present invention for solving the above problems, mainly containing fulvic acid, during addition, spraying, solid mixing, culture solution addition, dilution mixing, irrigation, impregnation into agricultural materials, bottom irrigation, soil granulation Is applied to the plant body or the medium by at least one method selected from the group consisting of binder liquid, foliar spraying, seed soaking, seed coating, root soaking at the time of transplantation, soaking on the graft joint surface, and application. An agricultural composition is provided.

  Moreover, an aqueous liquid is preferable among agricultural compositions.

  Since the agricultural composition of the present invention contains fulvic acid, the conventional problems can be solved in a well-balanced manner.

  In addition, since the agricultural composition of the present invention is an aqueous liquid, it can be used in a wide range of applications such as hydroponics without requiring time and effort for mixing with soil.

  In addition, fulvic acid, which is a relatively low molecular weight and water-soluble humus, has the good parts of (1) and (2) above, such as growth promotion effect, hormonal action, water retention / fertilization ability and the like. Furthermore, it can be used as a binder when granulating other materials such as fertilizers, soil improvement materials, agricultural chemicals, etc. with a surface active action, and a synergistic effect can be expected.

  The water-soluble fulvic acid solution may be periodically sprayed together with fertilizers and pesticides, and becomes an unprecedented water-soluble soil conditioner. Moreover, if it is applied to soil for short-term cultivation such as for sowing seedlings and seedlings, it does not need to last for a long period of time, and a germination promoting effect of fulvic acid can be expected.

  As described above, according to the present invention, fulvic acid can be effectively used as an additive such as a vitality agent and a fertilizer in the agricultural field.

  Examples of the fulvic acid-containing agricultural composition and form include solid compositions and aqueous liquid compositions. This will be described in detail below.

(Solid composition containing fulvic acid)
In nature, when a plant dies, it decays and becomes humic. The main component of humic substances is a high-molecular organic acid, and humic substances are widely distributed in soil, lakes, rivers, and seabeds, and are particularly abundant in peat, lignite and weathered coal. Humic substances are a broad natural resource of application that is closely related to plant growth, mineral transition and deposition.

  Humic substances are roughly classified into humic acid and fulvic acid. Humic acid is generally tens of thousands in molecular weight and soluble in alkaline aqueous solution, and fulvic acid is generally several thousand in molecular weight and soluble in both alkaline and acidic aqueous solutions. . Note that the strict definition of humic substances is defined by the International Humic Substances Society (abbreviated as IHSS).

A method for purifying fulvic acid has been established as the IHSS method (international standard method). In this method, the fulvic acid aqueous solution is made acidic (pH <2), adsorbed on XAD resin, eluted with 0.1M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, sodium exchanged with cation exchange resin (H ⁺ type), and freeze-dried To do.

  It can also be purified by an adsorption method using activated carbon.

  Examples of solid compositions include a solid composition in which an aqueous fulvic acid solution is mixed with fertilizer and soil improvement material, a solid composition in which solid fulvic acid is mixed, and a composition obtained by further concentrating the concentrated liquid to form a slurry or solidified. Examples thereof include agricultural materials using solidified fulvic acid and solid compositions made using liquid fulvic acid.

  Examples of the solidification method from the concentrated solution via activated carbon include a granulation method using solid fertilizer as a core by freeze drying, concentration under reduced pressure, evaporation to dryness, coagulation precipitation with a drug, spray spraying, and the like.

  In the case of solidified products, there are advantages in transportation storage and storage stability.

(Aqueous liquid composition containing fulvic acid)
On the other hand, it is known that humic substances are contained not only in the sedimentary layer as described above but also in underground brine. Patent Document 6 discloses purifying fulvic acid from underground brine. Is described. Also, fulvic acid can be purified using activated carbon.

  In particular, some underground brines contain substantially only fulvic acid as humic substances, and particularly good results can be obtained when the raw material for fulvic acid is underground brine.

  Groundwater is groundwater that has a higher salinity compared to freshwater.For example, seawater that is blocked in the ground due to crustal movements, groundwater that contains salinity eluted from the surrounding strata, spring water with a high salt concentration, High hot spring water can be used. However, the underground brine used as a raw material is preferably one containing a large amount of humic substance, and the underground brine containing a large amount of humic substance is generally colored.

  Therefore, the humic mass in underground brine can be quantified spectroscopically as chromaticity. For example, it is preferable that the dominant wavelength of chromaticity measured in accordance with JIS K 0102 is 550 to 600 nm. Further, the excitation purity at the dominant wavelength is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more, and further preferably 15% or more. On the other hand, 70% or less is preferable, 60% or less is more preferable, and 50% or less is still more preferable.

  In addition, inclusions and concentration of underground brine vary greatly depending on the region where they are produced. In addition, in the case of underground brine produced from the same area, inclusions and inclusion concentrations vary greatly depending on the depth of collection. Therefore, in order to obtain a sufficient quality fulvic acid-containing material with sufficient productivity, it is necessary to carefully select the underground brine to be used.

  Among such underground brines, there are those in which most of the humic substances are fulvic acid, and if such underground brines are used, fulvic acid-containing substances that substantially contain only fulvic acid, It is preferable because it can be manufactured at low cost. Specifically, underground brine with a fulvic acid content in the humic substance of 70% by mass or more is preferable, 80% by mass or more is more preferable, and 90% by mass or more is more preferable.

  In addition, it is easy to realize a desired use concentration when mixed in a liquid or solid medium, and from the viewpoint of easy production, the proportion of the fulvic acid composition in the whole composition (not in the medium but added to the medium) The fulvic acid concentration in the previous “stock solution” is preferably 100 mass ppm or more, more preferably 500 mass ppm or more, still more preferably 1000 mass ppm or more, on the other hand, preferably 500,000 mass ppm or less, more preferably 100000 mass ppm or less. Preferably, 50000 mass ppm or less is more preferable, and 10000 mass ppm or less is most preferable.

  In addition, content of a fulvic acid can be measured based on the fractionation method by the acid standardized by IHSS, for example. In addition, the TOC and the UV 260 nm absorption value correlated with the TOC can be quantified as an index.

  Fulvic acid is known to bind to various metals. From the viewpoint of supplying nutrient salts and micronutrients to plants, fulvic acid is hydrogen, potassium, ammonia, magnesium, calcium, sodium. It is preferably a type, an iron type, a copper type, a manganese type, a zinc type or a molybdenum type, and particularly preferably a potassium type.

(Usage form)
The fulvic acid-containing aqueous liquid composition as described above is added, sprayed, mixed with solids, added with culture solution, diluted and mixed, impregnated with agricultural materials such as irrigation, culture medium and artificial culture medium, bottom irrigation, binder during culture Liquid, foliar application, seed soaking, seed coating, root soaking at the time of transplantation, soaking / application on grafted joint surface, etc. mixed with agricultural materials such as liquid or solid medium or applied directly to plants .

  In the use form as described above, the fulvic acid-containing aqueous liquid composition contains a fertilizer composition, a soil conditioner, a growth regulator, a germination promoter, a cold tolerance improver, a disease resistance improver, a yield enhancer, and a fruit sugar content. Used for accelerators and other purposes.

  In the above case, the concentration of fulvic acid in the culture medium and culture medium is preferably 0.1 mass ppm or more, more preferably 1 mass ppm or more, further preferably 5 mass ppm or more, while 1000 mass ppm or less is preferable, 500 mass ppm or less is more preferable, and 200 mass ppm or less is still more preferable. Specifically, in the case of hydroponics etc., it is effective in 1-50 mass ppm. If it is 50 mass ppm or more, the effect may not be changed or inhibition may occur. In the case of soil application, 10 to 200 ppm by mass is appropriate due to the buffering effect of the soil. Germination promotion is 1 to 50 ppm by mass for hydroponics, and spraying at a concentration of 5 to 200 ppm by mass for soil sowing is appropriate. In the case of brine fulvic acid, no high-concentration disorder is confirmed.

  By using it as described above, the following can be realized.

  (A) It can be added to fertilizers (chemical fertilizers, liquid fertilizers, foliar sprays, etc.), culture broth, soil, seed priming agents, etc.

  (I) Solubilization of metal salt / metal salt absorption promotion and growth promotion by the chelating effect of fulvic acid can be realized.

  (C) Promoting germination and growth by the hormone-like action and osmotic pressure regulating action of fulvic acid.

  (D) Soil agglomeration (surfactant action) can be realized by the water retention effect of fulvic acid.

  (E) The retention of metal salts, etc. by the cation exchange action of fulvic acid, and the fertilization effect accompanying water retention can be realized.

  (F) Antibacterial and bacteriostatic action can be realized by converting fulvic acid into acid form.

Example 1
Underground brine was collected from 100-2100m underground in Kujukuri, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. This underground brine was colored, the dominant wavelength of chromaticity was 575 nm, and the excitation purity at 575 nm was 30%. This underground brine contains 0.04 MPa (1 atm) of methane with a solubility equal to or higher than that of water at 25 ° C. and 98 ppm by mass of iodine. Natural gas, the main component, was generated and degassed. From this underground brine, an aqueous solution containing 3000 ppm by weight of fulvic acid was obtained in accordance with the activated carbon method. Fulvic acid is the potassium type.

  The fulvic acid-containing aqueous liquid composition obtained above was used in Komatsuna hydroponics.

  First, it was applied from seeding to the culture medium at the time of raising seedlings at a concentration of 1 mass ppm. At the time of growth for 16 days, a mass increase of 30 mass% or more was confirmed with respect to the control.

  Thereafter, the plant was cultivated as usual without giving fulvic acid and harvested 12 days later (28 days after sowing), and a mass increase of 17% by mass was confirmed by dry mass.

  In addition, fulvic acid was not given for 16 days from sowing to planting, and fulvic acid was mixed and applied at a concentration of 0.1, 1, 5, 10 mass ppm from the 16th day to harvesting. (Fulvic acid application 12 days) It was confirmed that the mass of the fulvic acid application section increased by 10 to 20% by mass.

  Furthermore, when it gave in the state of fulvic acid salt, the mass increase of about 20-40 mass% was confirmed at 5 mass ppm and 25 mass ppm.

(Example 2)
The aqueous liquid composition containing fulvic acid obtained in Example 1 was used in tomato hydroponics.

  First, fulvic acid was mixed and applied to the culture solution at a concentration of 0 mass ppm, 1 mass ppm, 5 mass ppm, and 10 mass ppm from seeding to seedling raising (28 days). The highest increase was confirmed by 60 mass% with respect to 0 mass ppm. Moreover, even if it was 1 mass ppm and 5 mass ppm, 30-40 mass% increase was confirmed. Furthermore, the dry mass also increased by nearly 50 mass% at 10 mass ppm.

  In addition, when seedlings were grown as usual, fulvic acid was mixed and applied at a concentration of 0 mass ppm, 1 mass ppm, 5 mass ppm, and 10 mass ppm after seedling. The growth was promoted, for example, flowering was accelerated by 2 days with respect to 0 ppm by mass, and the absorption amount of nutrient salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was increased.

  Establish how to use fulvic acid in agriculture.

Claims (6)

  Mainly containing fulvic acid, addition, spraying, solid mixing, culture solution addition, dilution mixing, irrigation, impregnation into agricultural materials, bottom irrigation, binder solution during soil granulation, foliar spraying, seed soaking, seed coating An agricultural composition to be applied to a plant body or a medium by at least one method selected from the group consisting of root soaking at the time of transplantation, soaking on a graft joint surface, and application.   Used for at least one purpose selected from the group consisting of fertilizer compositions, soil conditioners, growth regulators, germination promoters, cold tolerance improvers, disease tolerance improvers, yield enhancers and fruit sugar content enhancers. The agricultural composition according to claim 1.   The agricultural composition according to claim 1, which is an aqueous liquid.   The agricultural composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a ratio of the fulvic acid to the whole composition is 100 to 500,000 mass ppm.   The agricultural composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the concentration of the diluted fulvic acid used is 0.1 to 1000 ppm by mass.   The agricultural composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fulvic acid is hydrogen type, potassium type, ammonia type, magnesium type, calcium type, sodium type, iron type, copper type, manganese type, zinc type or molybdenum type. object.