JP2020047921A - 発光デバイス、発光装置、電子機器、および照明装置 - Google Patents
発光デバイス、発光装置、電子機器、および照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020047921A JP2020047921A JP2019166818A JP2019166818A JP2020047921A JP 2020047921 A JP2020047921 A JP 2020047921A JP 2019166818 A JP2019166818 A JP 2019166818A JP 2019166818 A JP2019166818 A JP 2019166818A JP 2020047921 A JP2020047921 A JP 2020047921A
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PLSXAKJQEDOMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc(1+) Chemical compound [Zn+] PLSXAKJQEDOMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;quinolin-8-olate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光デバイスについて説明する。なお、発光デバイスは、一対の電極間にEL層が挟まれた構造を有し、EL層は、少なくとも発光層を有し、その他に正孔(ホール)注入層、正孔(ホール)輸送層、電子輸送層、電子注入層等の機能層を設けることもできる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光デバイスについて図8を用いて説明する。
図8は、一対の電極間に発光層を含むEL層を有する発光デバイスの一例を示す。具体的には、第1の電極101と第2の電極102との間にEL層103が挟まれた構造を有する。なお、EL層103は、例えば、第1の電極101を陽極とした場合、正孔(ホール)注入層111、正孔(ホール)輸送層112、発光層113、電子輸送層114、電子注入層115が機能層として、順次積層された構造を有する。また、その他の発光デバイスの構造として、一対の電極間に電荷発生層を挟んで形成される複数のEL層を有する構成(タンデム構造)とすることにより低電圧駆動を可能とする発光デバイスや、一対の電極間に微小光共振器(マイクロキャビティ)構造を形成することにより光学特性を向上させた発光デバイス等も本発明の一態様に含めることとする。なお、電荷発生層は、第1の電極101と第2の電極102に電圧を印加したときに、隣り合う一方のEL層に電子を注入し、他方のEL層に正孔を注入する機能を有する。
第1の電極101および第2の電極102を形成する材料としては、上述した両電極の機能が満たせるのであれば、以下に示す材料を適宜組み合わせて用いることができる。例えば、金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物、およびこれらの混合物などを適宜用いることができる。具体的には、In−Sn酸化物(ITOともいう)、In−Si−Sn酸化物(ITSOともいう)、In−Zn酸化物、In−W−Zn酸化物が挙げられる。その他、アルミニウム(Al)、チタン(Ti)、クロム(Cr)、マンガン(Mn)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)、ガリウム(Ga)、亜鉛(Zn)、インジウム(In)、スズ(Sn)、モリブデン(Mo)、タンタル(Ta)、タングステン(W)、パラジウム(Pd)、金(Au)、白金(Pt)、銀(Ag)、イットリウム(Y)、ネオジム(Nd)などの金属、およびこれらを適宜組み合わせて含む合金を用いることもできる。その他、上記例示のない元素周期表の第1族または第2族に属する元素(例えば、リチウム(Li)、セシウム(Cs)、カルシウム(Ca)、ストロンチウム(Sr))、ユウロピウム(Eu)、イッテルビウム(Yb)などの希土類金属およびこれらを適宜組み合わせて含む合金、その他グラフェン等を用いることができる。
正孔注入層111は、陽極である第1の電極101からEL層103に正孔(ホール)を注入する層であり、有機アクセプター材料や正孔注入性の高い材料を含む層である。
正孔輸送層112は、正孔注入層111によって、第1の電極101から注入された正孔を発光層113に輸送する層である。なお、正孔輸送層112は、正孔輸送性材料を含む層である。従って、正孔輸送層112には、正孔注入層111に用いることができる正孔輸送性材料を用いることができる。
発光層113は、発光物質を含む層である。なお、発光層113に用いることができる発光物質としては、特に限定は無く、一重項励起エネルギーを可視光領域の発光に変える発光物質、または三重項励起エネルギーを可視光領域の発光に変える発光物質を用いることができる。また、青色、紫色、青紫色、緑色、黄緑色、黄色、橙色、赤色などの発光色を呈する物質を適宜用いることができる。
電子輸送層114は、後述する電子注入層115によって第2の電極102から注入された電子を発光層113に輸送する層である。なお、電子輸送層114は、電子輸送性材料を含む層である。電子輸送層114に用いる電子輸送性材料は、1×10−6cm2/Vs以上の電子移動度を有する物質が好ましい。なお、正孔よりも電子の輸送性の高い物質であれば、これら以外のものを用いることができる。また、電子輸送層114は、単層でも機能するが、必要に応じて2層以上の積層構造とすることにより、デバイス特性を向上させることもできる。
電子注入層115は、陰極からの電子の注入効率を高めるための層であり、陰極材料の仕事関数の値と、電子注入層115に用いる材料のLUMO準位の値とを比較した際、その差が小さい(0.5eV以下)材料を用いることが好ましい。従って、電子注入層115には、リチウム、セシウム、フッ化リチウム(LiF)、フッ化セシウム(CsF)、フッ化カルシウム(CaF2)、8−(キノリノラト)リチウム(略称:Liq)、2−(2−ピリジル)フェノラトリチウム(略称:LiPP)、2−(2−ピリジル)−3−ピリジノラトリチウム(略称:LiPPy)、4−フェニル−2−(2−ピリジル)フェノラトリチウム(略称:LiPPP)、リチウム酸化物(LiOx)、炭酸セシウム等のようなアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、またはこれらの化合物を用いることができる。また、フッ化エルビウム(ErF3)のような希土類金属化合物を用いることができる。
なお、図8(B)の発光デバイスにおける電荷発生層104は、第1の電極(陽極)101と第2の電極(陰極)102との間に電圧を印加したときに、EL層103aに電子を注入し、EL層103bに正孔を注入する機能を有する。なお、電荷発生層104は、正孔輸送性材料に電子受容体(アクセプター)が添加された構成であっても、電子輸送性材料に電子供与体(ドナー)が添加された構成であってもよい。また、これらの両方の構成が積層されていても良い。なお、上述した材料を用いて電荷発生層104を形成することにより、EL層が積層された場合における駆動電圧の上昇を抑制することができる。
本実施の形態で示した発光デバイスは、様々な基板上に形成することができる。なお、基板の種類は、特定のものに限定されることはない。基板の一例としては、半導体基板(例えば単結晶基板又はシリコン基板)、SOI基板、ガラス基板、石英基板、プラスチック基板、金属基板、ステンレス・スチル基板、ステンレス・スチル・ホイルを有する基板、タングステン基板、タングステン・ホイルを有する基板、可撓性基板、貼り合わせフィルム、繊維状の材料を含む紙、又は基材フィルムなどが挙げられる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光装置について説明する。なお、図9(A)に示す発光装置は、第1の基板201上のトランジスタ(FET)202と発光デバイス(203R、203G、203B、203W)が電気的に接続されてなるアクティブマトリクス型の発光装置であり、複数の発光デバイス(203R、203G、203B、203W)は、共通のEL層204を有し、また、各発光デバイスの発光色に応じて、各発光デバイスの電極間の光学距離が調整されたマイクロキャビティ構造を有する。また、EL層204から得られた発光が第2の基板205に形成されたカラーフィルタ(206R、206G、206B)を介して射出されるトップエミッション型の発光装置である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光装置について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光デバイス、本発明の一態様である発光デバイスを有する発光装置を適用して完成させた様々な電子機器や自動車の一例について、説明する。なお、発光装置は、本実施の形態で説明する電子機器において、主に表示部に適用することができる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である発光装置、またはその一部である発光デバイスを適用して作製される照明装置の構成について図14を用いて説明する。
<発光デバイス1および比較発光デバイスa1の作製>
本実施例で示す発光デバイスは、図15に示すように基板900上に形成された第1の電極901上に正孔注入層911、正孔輸送層912、発光層913、電子輸送層914、電子注入層915が順次積層され、電子注入層915上に第2の電極903が積層された構造を有する。
作製した各発光デバイスの動作特性について測定した。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。また、発光デバイス1および比較発光デバイスa1の動作特性の結果として電流密度−輝度特性を図16、電圧−輝度特性を図17、輝度−電流効率特性を図18、電圧−電流特性を図19にそれぞれ示す。
作製した発光デバイス2および比較発光デバイスa2の動作特性について測定した。なお、測定は室温で行った。また、結果を図22〜図25に示す。
作製した発光デバイス3、発光デバイス4および比較発光デバイスa3の動作特性について測定した。なお、測定は室温で行った。また、結果を図28〜図31に示す。
作製した発光デバイス5および比較発光デバイスa4の動作特性について測定した。なお、測定は室温で行った。また、結果を図34〜図37に示す。
作製した発光デバイス6、発光デバイス7および比較発光デバイスa5の動作特性について測定した。なお、測定は室温で行った。また、結果を図40〜図43に示す。
作製した発光デバイス8、比較発光デバイスb1、および比較発光デバイスb2の動作特性について測定した。なお、測定は室温で行った。また、結果を図46〜図49に示す。
作製した発光デバイス9、比較発光デバイスc1、および比較発光デバイスc2の動作特性について測定した。なお、測定は室温で行った。また、結果を図52〜図55に示す。
実施例2で用いた有機化合物、4−[3−(ジベンゾチオフェン−4−イル)フェニル]−8−(ナフタレン−2−イル)−[1]ベンゾフロ[3,2−d]ピリミジン(略称:8βN−4mDBtPBfpm)の合成方法について説明する。なお、8βN−4mDBtPBfpmの構造式を以下に示す。
まず、8−クロロ−4−[3−(ジベンゾチオフェン−4−イル)フェニル]−[1]ベンゾフロ[3,2−d]ピリミジン1.5gと、2−ナフタレンボロン酸0.73gと、フッ化セシウム1.5gと、メシチレン32mLを加え、100mLの三口フラスコ内を窒素置換し、2’−(ジシクロヘキシルホスフィノ)アセトフェノンエチレンケタール70mgと、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)(略称:Pd2(dba)3)89mgを加え、窒素気流下にて120℃にて5時間加熱した。得られた反応物に水を加えてろ過し、水およびエタノールを順次用いてろ物を洗浄した。
本実施例2で用いた有機化合物、8−[3’−(ジベンゾチオフェン−4−イル)(1,1’−ビフェニル−3−イル)]ナフト[1’,2’:4,5]フロ[3,2−d]ピリミジン(略称:8mDBtBPNfpm)の合成方法について説明する。なお、8mDBtBPNfpmの構造を以下に示す。
まず、2−ヒドロキシナフタレン−1−カルボニトリル4.0g、炭酸カリウム6.6gをフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内を窒素置換し、30mLのDMFと、ブロモ酢酸エチル4.0gを加え、80℃で16時間加熱した。得られた反応物を100mLの氷水に加えて急冷し、1時間撹拌した後ろ過した。得られたろ物を水で洗浄し、エタノールと水で再結晶することにより目的物(茶色固体)4.4gを収率72%で得た。ステップ1の合成スキームを下記式(b−1)に示す。
次に、上記ステップ1で合成した1−アミノ−ナフト[2,1−b]フラン−2−カルボン酸エチル4.4g、ホルムアミジン酢酸塩1.8g、25mLのホルムアミドをフラスコに入れ、160℃で8時間加熱した。得られた反応物に100mLの水を加えてろ過し、ろ物を水で洗浄することにより、目的物(褐色固体)3.9gを収率96%で得た。ステップ2の合成スキームを下記式(b−2)に示す。
次に、上記ステップ2で合成したナフト[1’,2’:4,5]フロ[3,2−d]ピリミジン−8(9H)−オン3.9gと、15mLの塩化ホスホリルをフラスコに入れ、窒素気流下にて100℃で6時間加熱した。得られた反応物を100mLの氷水に加えて急冷した後、3Mの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液330mLを加え、1時間撹拌した。これをろ過し、ろ物をエタノールで洗浄し、目的物(黄色固体)1.8gを42%の収率で得た。ステップ3の合成スキームを下記式(b−3)に示す。
次に、上記ステップ3で合成した8−クロロ−ナフト[1’,2’:4,5]フロ[3,2−d]ピリミジン1.8g、3−(ジベンゾチオフェン−4−イル)フェニルボロン酸2.9g、15mLの2Mの炭酸カリウム水溶液、150mLのトルエン、および15mLのエタノールを加え、フラスコ内を窒素置換した。この混合物にテトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)0.29gを加え、窒素気流下にて95℃で12時間加熱した。得られた反応物をろ過し、得られたろ物を水、エタノールを用いて順次洗浄した。
実施例3で用いた有機化合物、9−[(3’−ジベンゾチオフェン−4−イル)ビフェニル−3−イル]ナフト[1’,2’:4,5]フロ[2,3−b]ピラジン(略称:9mDBtBPNfpr)の合成方法について説明する。なお、9mDBtBPNfprの構造を以下に示す。
まず、3−ブロモ−6−クロロピラジン−2−アミン4.37gと2−メトキシナフタレン−1−ボロン酸4.23g、フッ化カリウム4.14g、脱水テトラヒドロフラン75mLを、還流管を付けた三口フラスコに入れ、内部を窒素置換した。フラスコ内を減圧下で撹拌することで脱気した後、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)(略称:Pd2(dba)3)0.57g、トリ−tert−ブチルホスフィン(略称:P(tBu)3)4.5mLを加え、80℃で54時間撹拌し、反応させた。
次に、上記ステップ1で得た6−クロロ−3−(2−メトキシナフタレン−1−イル)ピラジン−2−アミン2.18gと脱水テトラヒドロフラン63mL、氷酢酸84mLを三口フラスコに入れ、内部を窒素置換した。フラスコを−10℃に冷却した後、亜硝酸tert−ブチル2.8mLを滴下し、−10℃で30分、0℃で3時間攪拌した。所定時間経過後、得られた懸濁液に水250mLを加え、吸引ろ過することにより、目的のピラジン誘導体を得た(黄白色粉末、収量1.48g、収率77%)。ステップ2の合成スキームを下記(c−2)に示す。
さらに、上記ステップ2で得た9−クロロナフト[1’,2’:4,5]フロ[2,3−b]ピラジン1.48g、3’−(4−ジベンゾチオフェン)−1,1’−ビフェニル−3−ボロン酸3.41g、2M炭酸カリウム水溶液8.8mL、トルエン100mL、エタノール10mLを三口フラスコに入れ、内部を窒素置換した。フラスコ内を減圧下で撹拌することで脱気した後、ビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II)ジクロリド(略称:Pd(PPh3)2Cl2)0.84gを加え、80℃で18時間撹拌し、反応させた。
作製した発光デバイス10、および発光デバイス11の動作特性について測定した。なお、測定は室温で行った。また、結果を図58〜図61に示す。
実施例5で用いた有機金属錯体、ビス{4,6−ジメチル−2−[5−(4−シアノ−2−メチルフェニル)−3−(3,5−ジメチルフェニル)−2−ピラジニル−κN]フェニル−κC}(2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−3,5−ヘプタンジオナト−κ2O,O’)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(dmdppr−mCP)2(dpm)])の合成方法について説明する。なお、[Ir(dmdppr−mCP)2(dpm)]の構造を以下に示す。
まず、5,6−ビス(3,5−ジメチルフェニル)ピラジン−2−イルトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸1.97g、4−シアノ−2−メチルフェニルボロン酸0.89g、リン酸三カリウム3.48g、トルエン37mL、水3.7mLを三口フラスコに入れ、内部を窒素置換した。フラスコ内を減圧下で撹拌することで脱気した後、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)0.042g、トリス(2,6−ジメトキシフェニル)ホスフィン0.082gを加え、7時間還流した。所定時間経過後、トルエンによる抽出を行った。その後、ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=5:1(体積比)を展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製し、目的のピラジン誘導体Hdmdppr−mCP(略称)を得た(白色固体、収量1.16g、収率65%)。ステップ1の合成スキームを下記(d−1)に示す。
次に、2−エトキシエタノール15mLと水5mL、上記ステップ1で得たHdmdppr−mCP(略称)1.16g、塩化イリジウム水和物(IrCl3・H2O)(フルヤ金属社製)0.42gを、還流管を付けたナスフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内をアルゴン置換した。その後、マイクロ波(2.45GHz 100W)を2時間照射し、反応させた。所定時間経過後、得られた残渣をメタノールで吸引ろ過、洗浄し、複核錯体[Ir(dmdppr−mCP)2Cl]2 (略称)を得た(橙褐色固体、収量1.12g、収率76%)。また、ステップ2の合成スキームを下記(d−2)に示す。
さらに、2−エトキシエタノール20mL、上記ステップ2で得た複核錯体[Ir(dmdppr−mCP)2Cl]2(略称)1.11g、ジピバロイルメタン(略称:Hdpm)0.29g、炭酸ナトリウム0.56gを、還流管を付けたナスフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内をアルゴン置換した。その後、マイクロ波(2.45GHz 100W)を2時間照射し、反応させた。溶媒を留去し、得られた残渣を、ジクロロメタンを展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した後、ジクロロメタンとメタノールの混合溶媒にて再結晶することにより、有機金属錯体[Ir(dmdppr−mCP)2(dpm)]を暗赤色固体として得た(収量、0.60g、収率48%)。
本発明の一態様である発光デバイスに用いることができる有機金属錯体、ビス{4,6−ジメチル−2−[5−(3−シアノ−2−メチルフェニル)−3−(3,5−ジメチルフェニル)−2−ピラジニル−κN]フェニル−κC}(2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−3,5−ヘプタンジオナト−κ2O,O’)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(dmdppr−m3CP)2(dpm)])の合成方法について説明する。なお、[Ir(dmdppr−m3CP)2(dpm)]の構造を以下に示す。
まず、5,6−ビス(3,5−ジメチルフェニル)ピラジン−2−イルトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸2.15g、3−シアノ−2−メチルフェニルボロン酸0.95g、リン酸三カリウム3.76g、トルエン40mL、水4.0mLを三口フラスコに入れ、内部を窒素置換した。フラスコ内を減圧下で撹拌することで脱気した後、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)0.045g、トリス(2,6−ジメトキシフェニル)ホスフィン0.087gを加え、7時間半還流した。所定時間経過後、トルエンによる抽出を行った。その後、ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=5:1(体積比)を展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製し、目的のピラジン誘導体Hdmdppr−m3CP(略称)を得た(白色固体、収量1.57g、収率80%)。ステップ1の合成スキームを下記(e−1)に示す。
次に、2−エトキシエタノール15mLと水5mL、上記ステップ1で得たHdmdppr−m3CP(略称)1.57g、塩化イリジウム水和物(IrCl3・H2O)(フルヤ金属社製)0.57gを、還流管を付けたナスフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内をアルゴン置換した。その後、マイクロ波(2.45GHz 100W)を2時間照射し、反応させた。所定時間経過後、得られた残渣をメタノールで吸引ろ過、洗浄し、複核錯体[Ir(dmdppr−m3CP)2Cl]2 (略称)を得た(赤橙色固体、収量1.44g、収率73%)。また、ステップ2の合成スキームを下記(e−2)に示す。
さらに、2−エトキシエタノール20mL、上記ステップ2で得た複核錯体[Ir(dmdppr−m3CP)2Cl]2(略称)1.44g、ジピバロイルメタン(略称:Hdpm)0.39g、炭酸ナトリウム0.74gを、還流管を付けたナスフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内をアルゴン置換した。その後、マイクロ波(2.45GHz 100W)を2時間照射し、反応させた。溶媒を留去し、得られた残渣を、ジクロロメタンを展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した後、ジクロロメタンとメタノールの混合溶媒にて再結晶することにより、[Ir(dmdppr−m3CP)2(dpm)](略称)を暗赤色固体として得た(収量1.01g、収率61%)。得られた暗赤色固体0.96gを、トレインサブリメーション法により昇華精製した。昇華精製条件は、圧力2.6Pa、アルゴンガスを流量10.5mL/minで流しながら、305℃で固体を加熱した。昇華精製後、目的物の暗赤色固体を収量0.71g、収率74%で得た。ステップ3の合成スキームを下記(e−3)に示す。
102 第2の電極
103 EL層
103a、103b EL層
104 電荷発生層
111、111a、111b 正孔注入層
112、112a、112b 正孔輸送層
113、113a、113b 発光層
114、114a、114b 電子輸送層
115、115a、115b 電子注入層
200R、200G、200B 光学距離
201 第1の基板
202 トランジスタ(FET)
203R、203G、203B、203W 発光デバイス
204 EL層
205 第2の基板
206R、206G、206B カラーフィルタ
206R’、206G’、206B’ カラーフィルタ
207 第1の電極
208 第2の電極
209 黒色層(ブラックマトリックス)
210R、210G 導電層
301 第1の基板
302 画素部
303 駆動回路部(ソース線駆動回路)
304a、304b 駆動回路部(ゲート線駆動回路)
305 シール材
306 第2の基板
307 引き回し配線
308 FPC
309 FET
310 FET
311 FET
312 FET
313 第1の電極
314 絶縁物
315 EL層
316 第2の電極
317 発光デバイス
318 空間
900 基板
901 第1の電極
902 EL層
903 第2の電極
911 正孔注入層
912 正孔輸送層
913 発光層
914 電子輸送層
915 電子注入層
4000 照明装置
4001 基板
4002 発光デバイス
4003 基板
4004 第1の電極
4005 EL層
4006 第2の電極
4007 電極
4008 電極
4009 補助配線
4010 絶縁層
4011 封止基板
4012 シール材
4013 乾燥剤
4200 照明装置
4201 基板
4202 発光デバイス
4204 第1の電極
4205 EL層
4206 第2の電極
4207 電極
4208 電極
4209 補助配線
4210 絶縁層
4211 封止基板
4212 シール材
4213 バリア膜
4214 平坦化膜
5101 ライト
5102 ホイール
5103 ドア
5104 表示部
5105 ハンドル
5106 シフトレバー
5107 座席シート
5108 インナーリアビューミラー
5109 フロントガラス
7000 筐体
7001 表示部
7002 第2表示部
7003 スピーカ
7004 LEDランプ
7005 操作キー
7006 接続端子
7007 センサ
7008 マイクロフォン
7009 スイッチ
7010 赤外線ポート
7011 記録媒体読込部
7014 アンテナ
7015 シャッターボタン
7016 受像部
7022、7023 操作用ボタン
7024 接続端子
7025 バンド
7026 マイクロフォン
7029 センサ
7030 スピーカ
7050 アイコン
7051、7052、7053、7054 情報
7111 リモコン操作機
9310 携帯情報端末
9311 表示部
9312 表示領域
9313 ヒンジ
9315 筐体
Claims (13)
- 一対の電極間にEL層を有し、
前記EL層は、発光層を有し、
前記発光層は、第1の有機化合物、第2の有機化合物、および発光物質を有し、
前記第1の有機化合物のT1準位および前記第2の有機化合物のT1準位のうち、エネルギー準位の低い方のT1準位(TH(edge))、および前記発光物質のT1準位(TD(edge))は、下記式(1)を満たし、
かつ
前記第1の有機化合物と前記第2の有機化合物とを混合した材料のS1準位(S’H(edge))と、TH(edge)との差は、下記式(2)を満たす発光デバイス(ただし、TH(edge)は、前記第1の有機化合物および前記第2の有機化合物の燐光スペクトルの短波長側における発光端から導かれるT1準位のうち、エネルギーが低い方のT1準位を指す。また、TD(edge)は、前記発光物質の吸収スペクトルの吸収端から導かれるT1準位を指す。また、S’H(edge)は、前記第1の有機化合物と前記第2の有機化合物とを混合した材料の蛍光スペクトルの短波長側における発光端から導かれるS1準位を指す)。
- 一対の電極間にEL層を有し、
前記EL層は、発光層を有し、
前記発光層は、第1の有機化合物、第2の有機化合物、および発光物質を有し、
前記第1の有機化合物のT1準位および前記第2の有機化合物のT1準位のうち、エネルギー準位の低い方のT1準位(TH(edge))、および前記発光物質のT1準位(TD(edge))は、下記式(3)を満たし、
かつ
前記第1の有機化合物と前記第2の有機化合物とを混合した材料のS1準位(S’H(edge))と、TH(edge)との差は、下記式(4)を満たす発光デバイス(ただし、TH(edge)は、前記第1の有機化合物および前記第2の有機化合物の燐光スペクトルの短波長側における発光端から導かれるT1準位のうち、エネルギーが低い方のT1準位を指す。また、TD(edge)は、前記発光物質の吸収スペクトルの吸収端から導かれるT1準位を指す。また、S’H(edge)は、前記第1の有機化合物と前記第2の有機化合物とを混合した材料の蛍光スペクトルの短波長側における発光端から導かれるS1準位を指す)。
- 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記第1の有機化合物と前記第2の有機化合物とは、励起錯体を形成する組み合わせであり、前記S1準位(S’H(edge))は、前記励起錯体の蛍光スペクトルの短波長側における発光端から導かれる発光デバイス。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一において、
前記第1の有機化合物は、π電子不足型複素芳香族化合物である発光デバイス。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一において、
前記第1の有機化合物は、ピリジン環、ジアジン環、またはトリアジン環構造を有する発光デバイス。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一において、
前記第1の有機化合物は、フロジアジン骨格のフラン環に芳香環が縮合した構造を有する発光デバイス。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一において、
前記発光物質は、燐光発光物質である発光デバイス。 - 請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一において、
前記第2の有機化合物は、カルバゾール誘導体である発光デバイス。 - 請求項8において、
前記カルバゾール誘導体は、ビカルバゾール誘導体である発光デバイス。 - 請求項8または請求項9において、
前記カルバゾール誘導体は、3,3’−ビカルバゾール誘導体である発光デバイス。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか一に記載の発光デバイスと、
FPCと、
を有する発光装置。 - 請求項11に記載の発光装置と、
マイク、カメラ、操作用ボタン、外部接続部、または、スピーカの少なくとも一と、
を有する電子機器。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか一に記載の発光デバイスと、
筐体、またはカバーの少なくとも一と、
を有する照明装置。
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