JP2020005570A - Biomass fermentation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a biomass fermentation apparatus that has excellent work efficiency, and can effectively ferment biomass.SOLUTION: The biomass fermentation apparatus comprises: fermented product units 20 each having a flexible storage bag 12 storing chips being a biomass fermentation material 2 and a vent pipe 14 penetrating the storage bag 12. The vent pipes 14 are vertically connected and a plurality of the fermented product units 20 are assembled to form a biomass fermentation apparatus 10. An upper end opening part 14b of the vent pipe 14 of the fermented product unit 20 on the uppermost stage opens inside a greenhouse. A side surface of the vent pipe 14 has a large number of through-holes 14c, which materializes ventilation to the outside. The storage bag 12 is equipped with a suspension belt 18. The chips being the biomass fermentation material 2 inside the storage bag 12 are fermented to warm up the inside of greenhouse and increase carbon dioxide concentration to promote plant growth.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a biomass fermentation apparatus for fermenting waste organic matter such as thinned wood and discharging fermentation heat and carbon dioxide.

  BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, various methods have been proposed for promoting the growth of greenhouses by cultivating plants by supplying an excessive amount of carbon dioxide. For example, as shown in Patent Document 1, an exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide at a higher concentration than the carbon dioxide concentration in the air in the greenhouse space in the greenhouse, and a high-temperature exhaust gas is filled and stored in a gas holder, and the exhaust gas is stored in the gas holder. During storage, heat is radiated from the gas holder surface to supply heat energy into the greenhouse space, and exhaust gas in the gas holder is discharged into the greenhouse space, increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air near the plants. A greenhouse cultivation method has been proposed.

  In addition, Patent Document 2 discloses that when adjusting the concentration of carbon dioxide in a greenhouse, two or more carbon dioxide concentration regions are formed with respect to a time axis in a range exceeding 400 ppm, and a function unique to each concentration region is provided. A greenhouse cultivation method is disclosed which includes a concentration range that expresses a plant growth promoting function and a concentration range that expresses a repellent function of pest birds or a pest repellent function in addition to a concentration range that expresses a plant growth promoting function.

  Further, a house cultivation facility that uses fermentation of biomass, which is an organic material, for supplying carbon dioxide and supplying thermal energy has also been proposed. For example, as disclosed in Patent Literature 3, a field, a house unit that covers the field, and an organic material storage unit that accumulates and stores organic matter are provided, and the organic material storage unit has an upper end side open to the field. There is a house cultivation facility in which at least one or more ventilation pipes whose lower ends are buried in the organic substance storage section are installed, and fermentation heat and carbon dioxide generated from the organic substance storage section are released into the house section through the ventilation pipe. This ventilation pipe has a plurality of ventilation holes at least in a pipe wall of a pipe burying part buried in the organic matter storage part, and the pipe buried part is buried in the organic matter storage part at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to a horizontal plane. is there.

JP 2013-94155 A JP 2013-94156 A JP 2014-7971 A

  However, in the case of the biomass fermentation apparatus of the greenhouse cultivation method disclosed in Patent Literature 1, a gas holder for filling the greenhouse with exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide is provided, and a facility for processing and storing a large amount of exhaust gas is provided. It is necessary and requires a large plant. Furthermore, the biomass fermentation apparatus of the greenhouse cultivation method disclosed in Patent Document 2 also requires accurate control of carbon dioxide supply, uses a large-scale system, and is costly.

  On the other hand, the biomass fermentation device of a house cultivation facility disclosed in Patent Document 3 stores thinned wood and fermented and fermented, and can be operated with simple equipment. In addition, the removal of thinned wood and other maintenance are troublesome, and the work cost and time are long.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above background art, and has as its object to provide a biomass fermentation apparatus that has good work efficiency and can effectively perform biomass fermentation.

  The present invention is a biomass fermentation apparatus for fermenting chips of a biomass fermentation material, warming the greenhouse, increasing the carbon dioxide concentration, and promoting plant growth. A biomass fermentation apparatus comprising a fermentation unit having a storage bag and a ventilation pipe penetrating the storage bag, and connecting the ventilation pipes up and down to collect a plurality of the fermentation units.

  The ventilation pipe is formed such that a lower end opening of the ventilation pipe of the upper fermentation body unit and an upper end opening of the ventilation pipe of the lower fermentation body unit can be fitted and provided so as to be able to ventilate up and down. Can be Further, a large number of through-holes are formed on the side surface of the ventilation pipe so that the inside and outside can be ventilated. The storage bag may be formed by a flexible container bag having a suspension belt.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the outer peripheral surface of the plurality of fermented body units is surrounded by a heat insulating material in a stacked state. The vent pipe of the fermentation body unit at the lower end is connected to an intake section and communicates with the inside.

  Further, the present invention is a house cultivation facility equipped with a biomass fermentation device for fermenting chips of a biomass fermentation material to warm the inside of a greenhouse, increase the carbon dioxide concentration, and promote plant growth. A flexible storage bag for storing the fermented material, comprising a fermented body unit having a ventilation pipe penetrating the storage bag, the ventilation pipe is connected up and down, the fermentation body unit is assembled in a plurality, The present invention is applied to a house cultivation facility in which a plurality of the fermentation units are stacked and assembled in the greenhouse, and an upper end opening of the ventilation pipe of the uppermost fermentation unit is opened in the greenhouse. You may.

  Further, the plurality of fermentation body units are installed in the greenhouse with their outer peripheral surfaces being surrounded by a heat insulating material in a stacked state, and the ventilation pipe of the fermentation body unit at the lower end is provided with the greenhouse house. An intake unit located inside the air pipe may be connected to communicate with the ventilation pipe.

  The biomass fermentation apparatus of the present invention ferments the biomass to be fermented in a state in which the biomass to be fermented is stored in a storage bag in units of fermentation units that are easy to handle. Therefore, good fermentation can be maintained. Furthermore, since the fermentation efficiency is high, fermentation can be performed using various types of biomass materials, regardless of the type of biomass to be fermented.

  By using the biomass fermentation apparatus of the present invention in a house cultivation facility, fermentation can be performed in a house in a state of being housed in units, and installation work and rearrangement in the house can be easily performed. Uniform and good fermentation can be maintained. Furthermore, as described above, regardless of the type of biomass to be fermented, fermentation can be performed using various biomass materials, and the temperature and carbon dioxide can be efficiently supplied into the house.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows one Embodiment of the biomass fermentation apparatus of this invention. It is an exploded front view showing the fermentation body unit of one embodiment of the biomass fermentation device of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is sectional drawing of the fermentation body unit which concerns on one Embodiment of the biomass fermentation apparatus of this invention.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a biomass fermentation apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The biomass fermentation apparatus 10 of this embodiment includes a storage bag 12 formed of a permeable cloth or net and storing the chip-shaped biomass fermentation material 2, a cylindrical ventilation pipe 14 vertically penetrating the storage bag 12. Is provided. The ventilation pipe 14 passes through the center of the storage bag 12, and the lower end opening 14 a and the upper end opening 14 b pass through the opening 12 c on the lower surface 12 a and the opening 12 d on the upper surface 12 b of the storage bag 12. The lower end opening 14a and the upper end opening 14b of the ventilation pipe 14 penetrating the opening 12c of the lower surface 12a and the opening 12d of the upper surface 12b are closed by a fixing member 16 such as a string or a wire. I have.

  The biomass fermentation material 2 is a raw wood chip obtained by chipping a raw tree such as a thinned wood, and other wood roots, branches, and chips obtained by cutting old wood. In addition, organic materials such as bamboo chips, grass, fallen leaves and the like can also be used. Further, organic matter such as residues of agricultural products such as straw, rice husk, vegetable waste, and flower waste may be used. However, in the case of an organic material containing excessive moisture or dried, it is necessary to adjust the water content to a state suitable for fermentation.

  As the storage bag 12, a flexible container bag obtained by sewing a sheet woven of a strong chemical fiber such as polyethylene or polypropylene into a three-dimensional bag shape is preferably used. The storage bag 12 of the flexible container bag is a durable one used for packing and transporting powdery substances such as grain, feed, earth and sand, and has a cubic shape or a cylindrical shape in a state in which the storage material is contained. Around the periphery, two durable suspension belts 18 for supporting the entire bag are attached. The upper end portions 18a of the two suspension belts 18 are formed in a loop shape so that they can be easily lifted by a forklift or a crane. Is formed.

  The ventilation pipe 14 is formed such that the outer diameter of the lower end opening 14a is formed to be larger at a certain length from the lower end, and the inner diameter of the upper end opening 14b of the other ventilation pipe 14 can be fitted inside. A large number of through holes 14c are formed on the side surface of the ventilation pipe 14, and are provided to allow ventilation inside and outside. In this embodiment, a pipe made of metal or resin having a pipe diameter of 10 to 30 cm and a total length of 1.2 to 1.5 m is suitably used as the ventilation pipe 14. The ventilation holes 14c on the side surface of the ventilation pipe 14 have a diameter of about several cm and are preferably formed in large numbers. Thus, by providing a large number of through holes 14c in the pipe wall of the ventilation pipe 14, ventilation in the pipe of the ventilation pipe 14 is improved, and fermentation heat and carbon dioxide are efficiently released to the outside.

  Next, a method of assembling the storage bag 12 and the ventilation pipe 14 will be described. First, the ventilation pipe 14 is passed through the storage bag 12, the lower end opening 14a of the ventilation pipe 14 is exposed from the opening 12c of the lower surface 12a, and the periphery of the opening 12c of the lower surface 12a is tied by the fixing member 16 to fix the opening 12c. Close up. In this state, the biomass fermented material 2 made of thinned wood or other woody chips is stored in the storage bag 12, and when the storage bag 12 is full, the opening 12 d of the upper surface 12 b is fixed to the fixing member 16. Thereby, the opening is closed by binding to the upper end opening 14b of the ventilation pipe 14. In this state, the fermented body unit 20 is formed.

Next, installation of the fermentation body unit 20 will be described. When a 1 m ³ flexible container bag is used, the fermented body unit 20 has a height of about 1 m and a height of about 1 m, and is stacked and installed at a desired position in a greenhouse (not shown). In the installation work, the loop-shaped upper ends 18a of the two suspension belts 18 are hung on a fork of a forklift, suspended, moved to a predetermined position, and stacked. A pallet 24 for installation having a vent hole 24a on the upper surface is laid beforehand at the place where the stacking is performed. The height at which the pallets are stacked on the installation pallet 24 is arbitrary, but as shown in FIG. The number of fermented body units 20 to be installed also depends on the size of the greenhouse, but it is preferable to install 27 fermented body units 20 in three in the vertical and horizontal height directions, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the fermentation body units 20 are stacked by fitting the lower end opening 14 a of the ventilation pipe 14 of the upper fermentation body unit 20 to the upper end opening 14 b of the lower fermentation body unit 20. The stacked fermentation body units 20 are surrounded by a heat insulating material 26 as a heat insulating material to promote better fermentation. On the side of the installation pallet 24, there is provided an intake unit 28 for sending air to the ventilation pipe 14 through the installation pallet 24, and convection due to fermentation heat allows effective fresh air to enter the fermentation body unit 20. Supplied. In addition, an air supply device such as a blower may be provided in the air intake section 28, whereby a large amount of air can be supplied efficiently.

  Next, the house cultivation facility will be described. The house cultivation facility has a biomass fermentation apparatus 10 installed in a greenhouse (not shown). The biomass fermentation material 2 is fermented with chips to warm the greenhouse and increase the carbon dioxide concentration to increase plant growth. To promote it. In the house cultivation facility, a fermented body unit 20 having a storage bag 12 storing the biomass fermented material 2 in a greenhouse and a ventilation pipe 14 penetrating the storage bag 12 is stacked in a predetermined number of stages as described above. Will be installed. The fermented body unit 20 is stacked in the greenhouse and its outer peripheral surface is surrounded by the heat insulating material 26. The upper end opening 14b of the ventilation pipe 14 of the uppermost fermentation unit 20 is open in the greenhouse.

  In the biomass fermentation apparatus 10 of this embodiment, air is supplied to the biomass fermentation material 2 in the air-permeable storage bag 12 from the suction unit 28 via the installation pallet 24, the storage bag 12, and the ventilation pipe 14. The fermentation of the biomass fermentation material 2 in the storage bag 12 is promoted. The carbon dioxide and waste heat discharged by the fermentation are effectively sent upward through the ventilation pipe 14 and discharged from the ventilation pipe 14 of the uppermost fermentation unit 20 into the greenhouse. Further, since the storage bag 12 has air permeability, carbon dioxide and warmed air are supplied into the greenhouse through the storage bag 12.

  It should be noted that the greenhouse in which the biomass fermentation apparatus 10 is installed needs to be careful not to increase the temperature excessively. For example, pollen such as fruit trees and fruits in a greenhouse suffers from high-temperature damage at 35 ° C., and when the carbon dioxide concentration becomes about 3000 ppm, the flower is liable to mold or fails to produce fruit. In order to prevent such an obstacle, the temperature and the carbon dioxide concentration are prevented from becoming excessive by adjusting the ventilation amount or changing the stacking state of the fermentation body units 22.

  In the present embodiment, for temperature detection, a temperature sensor for detecting room temperature may be provided, for example, in a greenhouse. Thereby, when the room temperature in the greenhouse is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature (for example, 40 ° C or higher), heat exchange is performed between the air in the greenhouse and water through water to lower the room temperature in the house. Can be.

  Further, when the room temperature in the greenhouse is lower than the predetermined temperature (for example, lower than 40 ° C.), the amount of intake air from the intake unit 28 is set so as to increase the fermentation, or the number of stacking stages is reduced. The oxygen supply amount may be increased so as to be arranged side by side, and an appropriate fermentation promoting state may be set.

  As described above, the biomass fermentation apparatus 10 divides the biomass fermentation material 2 into an easily transportable amount and stores the fermentation material 2 in the storage bag 12 to form the fermentation body unit 20. Since the biomass fermentation apparatus 10 is configured by stacking on the top 24 and being installed vertically and horizontally, the installation of the biomass fermentation apparatus 10 is easy, the arrangement for optimizing the fermentation state is easy, and the installation position can be easily changed. It is. In addition, the fermentation state is kept good for a long time, and the maintenance of the apparatus is easy.

  Note that the biomass fermentation apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the storage bag 12 may be cylindrical in addition to the one on the cube. Thereby, the gap formed when the filters are arranged vertically and horizontally can be used as the ventilation space, and the ventilation by the ventilation pipe 14 can be assisted. Also, the shape of the ventilation pipe 14 is not limited to the above shape, as long as the fermentation body units 20 can be stacked in the vertical direction.

2 Biomass fermentation material 10 Biomass fermentation device 12 Storage bag 12a Lower surface 12b Upper surface 12c, 12d Opening 14 Ventilation pipe 14a Lower opening 14b Upper opening 14c Through hole 16 Fixing member 18 Hanging belt 20 Fermented body unit 24 Pallet 26 for heat insulation 28 Suction section

Claims (5)

A biomass fermentation device that ferments chips of biomass fermentation material, warms the greenhouse, raises the carbon dioxide concentration, and promotes plant growth.
A fermented body unit having a flexible storage bag for storing the biomass fermented material and a ventilation pipe penetrating the storage bag,
A biomass fermentation apparatus comprising a plurality of the fermentation units assembled by vertically connecting the ventilation pipes.   2. The vent pipe according to claim 1, wherein a lower end opening of the vent pipe of the upper fermentation unit is fitted with an upper end opening of the vent pipe of the lower fermentation unit. 3. Biomass fermentation equipment.   3. The biomass fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a number of through holes are formed on a side surface of the ventilation pipe, and the inside and outside of the ventilation pipe are provided to allow ventilation.   The biomass fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the storage bag is formed of a flexible container bag provided with a hanging belt.   The plurality of fermentation body units, wherein the outer peripheral surface of the plurality of fermentation body units is surrounded by a heat insulating material in a stacked state, and the ventilation pipe of the fermentation body unit at the lower end is connected to an intake portion, and the inside is in communication. 3. The biomass fermentation apparatus according to 2.

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