FI100796B - Method for composting organic waste and composting system - Google Patents

Description

100796

METHOD OF COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC WASTE AND COMPOSTING SYSTEM

The invention relates to a composting method and a composting system for the utilization and disposal of organic waste, by means of which the waste is utilized and disposed of naturally, mainly by earthworm composting.

Composting is the decomposition of organic waste into soil with the help of fungi, microbes and other microorganisms. Compost is usually a pile of organic plant waste, such as grass, tree leaves, etc. In compost, the waste decomposes slowly or burns quickly into the soil depending on nutritional and thermal conditions. To preserve the heat of the pieces, the compost is thermally insulated, in which case it is called a thermal composter. In addition to plant waste, meat and fish waste can also be treated in an insulated composter if the composter is protected from pests. In a thermally insulated composter, combustion raises the temperature of the waste to as much as 70 ° C and the waste turns into soil in about two months. The final stage is followed by a slow drop in temperature, called post-ripening. When the temperature drops sufficiently, organisms larger than microbes, such as infiltration differences, jumpers, mites and millipedes, enter.

• · '··· * The aim of earthworm composting is not to raise the temperature, but the waste is fed directly to the organisms in the soil. A Lierokom- • r postor is usually a container or box with mold and: * · *: earthworms. The waste is mixed with topsoil and covered with • soil for safety. Covering is necessary to avoid odor nuisance and flies. The waste must not contain .. a lot of salt or other harmful substances. Earthworm compost thighs are currently used mainly for angling worms.

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There are several drawbacks to current methods and devices.

«·· Adding waste and mixing it with topsoil is laborious and often unpleasant due to odors. The odor also prevents the use of · · * · * * 1 ierokompos Tor in living spaces. Since the waste must always be * «· covered with soil, the earthworm composter will fill over time. Emptying is unpleasant and awkward, especially in winter. Checking the number and condition of earthworms and setting them up from 2 100796 soils is difficult. The worm composter does not tolerate freezing, so it must always be stored in the basement tmv. the interior space.

By means of the method and the composting system according to the invention, a decisive improvement in the above-mentioned drawbacks is achieved. To achieve this, the method and the composting system according to the invention are characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing parts of claims 1 and 2.

The invention has several advantages over current methods and devices. There is no need to mix the waste with the soil, as the earthworms themselves retrieve the amount of waste they need from the waste bin. When eaten by earthworms, the waste disappears to almost nonexistence, only the nutrient salts remain in the soil. In addition, there is no risk of waste overdose, as earthworms can seek food through the holes exactly according to their needs. In addition to intrusion differences, other earthworm species also thrive because they do not "drown" in perishable waste. the comfort may be due to the fact that different species of earthworms may choose their preferred type of waste and / or its degree of pollution. A large amount of waste given at one time may burn, but the earthworms escape into the space around the soil - * .... Thus, a large earthworm composter can initially act as a heat • composter and only after cooling as a earthworm composter. The earthworms' l · can be easily picked up if necessary by lifting the inner container ·· - up, as the earthworms that are currently eating are left hanging • «4» holes. In the same way you can check the number and condition of earthworms. The odor hood allows the earthworm composter to be kept in the • · living room, so that earthworms can eat waste continuously throughout the year. The earthworm postor may not need to be emptied if sufficient nutrient-consuming plants are grown in the surrounding soil. Soil change is necessary • ·: * ·· pe eg, for example when producing nutritious bone: T soil. Placing a worm composter in a greenhouse also provides several benefits. Even in a cold greenhouse, the service life of the earthworm composter is extended compared to the outdoor space, but in a heated greenhouse it continues throughout the year. The nutrients contained in the waste are utilized as plant fertilizer, and there is no need to transport the mold anywhere.

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Light composting is an alternative to thermal composting, especially in the recovery of food waste, as it usually does not require the addition of bedding and its mixing during the process.

In the following, the invention will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a schematic sectional and side view of a slatted composter for a residential apartment.

Figure 2 is a schematic top view of a earthworm composter for a residential apartment.

Figure 3 is a schematic sectional and side view of a submersible worm compost.

Figure 4 is a schematic sectional and side view of earthworm composters placed in a small greenhouse.

Figure 5 is a schematic top view of earthworm composters housed in a small greenhouse.

Figure 6 schematically shows a j ·] · to be placed in a greenhouse. the composter carriage cut and seen from the end.

* · • · M * • «« * · '' Figure 7 is a schematic sectional and side view of a composter wagon placed in a greenhouse.

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• · «« • · »A: Figure 8 shows schematically those placed in a greenhouse. compost wagons seen from the end of the queues.

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Figure 9 is a schematic side view of compost wagons placed in a greenhouse.

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Figures 1 and 2 schematically show a cylindrical composter 1 for a residential apartment according to the invention. The composter 1 is embedded in the mold 6 in the container 2. The container 2 can be, for example, a plastic clay. The composter comprises a waste container 3, an auxiliary container 4, a weight 8, a lifting tube 9 and an odor hood 10. The waste container 3 is filled with holes or slits a few mm through which the earthworms can pass. The waste container can also be network-constructed. The auxiliary container 4 prevents the soil from collapsing when the waste container 3 is raised. The structure of the auxiliary container 4 may be similar to that of the waste container 3. There should be a gap of a few mm between the waste container 3 and the auxiliary container 4 for the passage of earthworms. The slot 5 is needed because the holes of the waste container 3 and the auxiliary container 4 do not coincide. The gap 5 is obtained by making the auxiliary vessel 4 slightly larger and providing it with vertical projections 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d. which at the same time center the waste container 3 in the middle of the auxiliary container 4. The protrusions should be vertical because they would not cut the earthworms when the waste container is lifted, Figure 2.

The space between the vessel 2 and the auxiliary vessel 4 is filled with good quality compost soil 6 with earthworms. It is a good idea to first get worms from elsewhere and put them in the composter. This will make the composter run faster. The waste 7 is placed in the waste container 3 by lifting the weight 8 off the waste by means of a lifting / measuring tube 9. After filling, the weight 8 is placed back on the waste 7 to compact the waste. The weight 8 should fit the waste container 3 as closely as possible to prevent the animals from entering the waste. The weight 8 is cast, for example, in concrete. so that the lifting / measuring tube 9 can be cast at the same time. The weight 8 can also be replaced by a plate and, for example, a flower jar placed on it or, in large composers, by loose weights of suitable size. The odor hood 10 prevents the odor of the waste from entering the room and ee is pressed tightly onto the soil surface li.

• «·; Plants 13 are grown in the soil 6 to consume nutrients. . · * ·. If necessary, the mold 6 is irrigated through the inspection pipe 12.

Figure 3 shows a earthworm composter immersed in the ground, in which the waste container 3 and the auxiliary container 4 are immersed in e.g. vegetable soil or a flower bed. Earthworms have direct access from soil 6 to waste 7 through the holes in the containers. In winter, earthworms flee below frost 5 100796. Covering the earthworm composter l with a heat-insulated housing makes it work all year round.

The diagram showing Figures 4 and 5 was a small greenhouse 14a in which several earthworm composers 1a according to the invention are embedded in a row in the soil benches 2a and 2b. Ib, etc. The mulch bench 2a is raised to a suitable working height and 2b is recessed below the floor surface. Soil beds are not bottomed to allow earthworms to escape to the soil in the cold greenhouse in winter. Plants 13 (tomatoes, cucumbers, etc.) are planted in soil benches and properly supported.

Figures 6 and 7 show diagrammatically a composter trolley 15 for a greenhouse, which acts as a worm compost and a plant bed. The composter carriage 15 comprises a plate frame 16, fixed wheels 18 and swivel wheels 17. The carriage is built with e.g. 4 earthworm composers Ia, Ib, le and Id. The composts are surrounded on long sides by mold 6, where shallow useful plants or flowers are grown.

Attached to the frame 16 of the composter carriage 15 are vertical perforated plates, which form square sections 4a, 4b, etc. corresponding to the above-mentioned auxiliary vessel 4, as shown in Fig. 7. The wider trays 6a, 6b, etc. formed by the perforated plates are filled with soil 6. Trays 4a, 4b, etc. are pushed sideways into the waste cassettes 3a, 3b, etc. under the waste cassettes sides of the wagon »«; 'j'; 15. The cassettes must be pulled out, eg during inspection and maintenance. The cassettes can also be made without a base, where the waste falls to the ground when the cassettes are pulled out. Worms *.,! removed from the removed cartridges can be facilitated by

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by shaking or vibrating. The mold 6 is removed mechanically by a cola conveyor 22. The soil compartments do not have a bottom, but the mold is on the conveyor belt. Mold can also be removed manually by fitting the sides I ·; with opening hatches.

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Figures 8 and 9 show diagrammatically the composter trolleys 15a, 15b, etc. placed in the greenhouse 14b. The trolleys are pushed into rows A, B, C and D. The trolleys on wheels can be arranged differently when the space required for pulling out the waste cassettes 3 is taken care of. In Fig. 9, the composter carriage 15 is pushed out for changing the soil and adding waste. The soil in the carriage 15 is emptied by a coulter conveyor 22 into the ground, from where it is loaded by a bucket loader 21, e.g. into a truck. The empty soil tray is filled with new soil with a bucket loader. The waste is added to the waste containers 3 with a bucket loader 21 from the pile brought in by the waste truck 20. The weights 8 are lifted, for example, with a wire and a hook attached to the bucket of the bucket loader.

In particular, it should be noted that the method and system of the invention can be used in many different applications. Disposal of kitchen food waste is possible immediately in living rooms with small earthworm composters. In detached houses and summer cottages, waste can be utilized with earthworm composters buried in the ground. If you own a small greenhouse, it is natural to place a earthworm composter there. Composting completely saves on waste transport costs and does not cause waste

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.··· disadvantages in landfills. The collection and transport of household waste to landfills has begun in some cities, so there is a need for even large units. Large commercial plant rooms are usually located in the vicinity of agglomerations, so they:. composting would reduce waste transport distances. At the same time • · waste nutrients would become a commodity. Large composting stations can, of course, be automated more than the options presented, e.g. by building fixed compost / plant benches in the greenhouse, where waste and soil would be brought into the composter by a crane track etc. along. Earthworm composting] ... is an alternative to hot composting because earthworms use • · *. . waste without bedding. Growing earthworms into, for example, proteinaceous animal feed may be one way of recovering large amounts of organic waste. The invention is not limited to the following examples, but many other uses are possible within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (4)

100796 A method for composting organic waste in a special waste container (3), in which favorable conditions for composting are maintained and in which an auxiliary container (4) is used in addition to the waste container, characterized in that - the torn waste container (3) is placed in a routed auxiliary container (4). the intermediate space (5) acts as a worm passage and allows the waste container (3) to be removed from the auxiliary container (4), - the auxiliary container (4) and the waste container (3) (3) between the waste and the surrounding soil (6). A composting system characterized in that it comprises a perforated auxiliary container (4) to be placed in the soil, a torn waste container (3) to be placed in and removed from the auxiliary container (4) and an intermediate space (5) between said steps to facilitate the movement of worms from the soil to the waste container (3). - ... to others and vice versa. * «I Composting system according to Claim 2, characterized in that the waste container is a rigid container which can be lifted. I! 4 b »• · • · • · · • · S · • · • · · · · 44 • · <4. k <4 · · • · • 4 ··· 100796